As a new type of catalyst and/or catalyst supports, carbon nanomaterials (including zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials and nanoporous carbon materials) have potential applications in fields of heterogeneous catalysis, such as oxidative dehydrogenation, selective hydrogenation, ammonia synthesis and decomposition, and electrocatalysis in fuel cell. This paper presents an overview of the development of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in the field of heterogeneous catalysis in recent years. The preparation methods of these carbon nanomaterials are introduced; the relationships of their micro/mesostructures, dopping, electronic properties, surface properties, confinement effects and thus-resulted catalytic performance variations are emphatically reviewed.

Contents
1 Zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials
1.1 Fullerene discover, structure and application in heterogeneous catalysis
1.2 Onion-like carbon, carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles and applications in heterogeneous catalysis
1.3 Nano-diamond and its application in heterogeneous catalysis
2 One-dimensional carbon nanomaterials
2.1 Carbon nanofibers preparation and application in heterogeneous catalysis
2.2 Carbon nanotubes discover, structure and application in heterogeneous catalysis
2.3 Heterogeneous catalyst confined in carbon nanotubes
3 Two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials
3.1 Graphene and its application in heterogeneous catalysis
3.2 Carbon nanowall and its application in heterogeneous catalysis
4 Carbon nanoporous materials
4.1 Mesoporous carbon materials and its application in heterogeneous catalysis
4.2 Functionalized mesoporous carbon and its application in heterogeneous catalysis
4.3 Other carbon nanoporous materials and their applications in heterogeneous catalysis
5 Conclusion and perspective

This article mainly covers the recent development of synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of hierarchical pore zeolite materials. Based on mechanisms of hierarchical pore formation, synthetic approaches of hierarchical pore zeolite materials including hydrothermal and chemical treatments, acid leaching, base leaching, and templating are systematically reviewed, especially, categorizing the synthetic method of templating. The relevance of characterization techniques for analysis of hierarchical pore zeolite materials, i.e., their structure, texture, hydrothermal stability, and acid properties are subsequently described. Finally, the applications of hierarchical pore zeolite materials as catalysts to acid-catalyzed reactions, environmental catalysis, oxidation reactions and synthesis of fine chemicals are focused, providing guide for the potential of hierarchical pore zeolite materials in catalytic applications.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of hierarchical pore zeolite materials
2.1 Hydrothermal and chemical treatments
2.2 Acid leaching
2.3 Base leaching
2.4 Templating
2.5 Other methods
3 Structure and properties of hierarchical pore zeolite materials
3.1 Structural identification of hierarchical pore zeolite materials
3.2 Textual properties of hierarchical pore zeolite materials
3.3 Hydrothermal stability and acidity of hierarchical pore zeolite materials
4 Catalytic applications of hierarchical pore zeolite materials
4.1 In the field of petrochemical industry
4.2 In the field of environmental protection
4.3 In the field of fine chemical industry
5 Conclusion

Bismuth Oxyhalide Compounds, BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I) are new types of photocatalysts. They exhibit excellent photocatalytic properties due to layered crystal structure and suitable band gaps. In this paper, main preparation methods, morphologies, sizes and photocatalytic activities of micro-nanometer bismuth oxyhalides are reviewed. Bismuth oxyhalide compounds show better photocatalytic activities than TiO₂ (P25). With the increasing of X atomic numbers, photocatalytic activities of BiOX are enhanced in sequence. Moreover, the stabilities of BiOX are high. Photocatalytic activities of bismuth oxyhalide compounds are improved by doping and modifications. By designing of the crystal structures and energy band gaps, highly efficient photocatalysts of bismuth oxyhalide compounds can be obtained. At last, the trend of research is prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Structure of BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I)
3 Preparation methods and morphologies of BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I)
3.1 Preparation methods
3.2 Morphologies of products
4 Photocatalytic activities of BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I)
4.1 BiOCl photocatalyst
4.2 BiOBr and BiOI photocatalysts
4.3 Other Bi based oxyhalides
5 Conclusion

Gold catalysis is becoming the frontier research field in catalysis chemistry. The present article intends to review recent progress in the fabrication of Au nanoparticles supported on mesoporous silica (MCM-41, MCM-48, and particularly SBA-15) and their catalytic applications in low-temperature CO oxidation, cyclohexene hydrogenation, and cyclohexane oxidation. The latest knowledge on the factors determining the characteristics and catalytic performance of Au nanoparticles, such as the type and surface property of support, the size, dispersion, location, and stability of Au nanoparticles, has been summarized and the related discussion is given.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Au nanoparticles dispersed on mesoporous SiO₂ and their applications
2.1 Catalysts prepared by deposition-precipitation
2.2 Catalysts prepared by hydrothermal synthesis
2.3 Catalysts prepared with surface modifications
3 Summary and perspective

Owing to the unique structures, outstanding micro-environment and potential applications, microcapsules have recently become one of the hot topics in the research of both catalysis and nano-materials. So far, a series of microcapsules have been prepared with diverse structure characters and functionalities. The progress of both the synthesis and applications of microcapsular reactors including natural material microcapsular reactor, reverse micelle microcapsular reactor, polyer microcapsular reactor, and inorganic core-shell structure microcapsular reactor in recent years are reviewed. Furthermore, a brief outlook of the potential applications of these new materials is given.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Recent advances in the research of microcapsular reactor
2.1 Natural material microcapsular reactor
2.2 Reversed micelle microcapsular reactor
2.3 Polymer microcapsular reactor
2.4 Inorganic core-shell structure microcapsular reactor
3 Outlook

Researches in mechanism for methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reaction are reviewed in this paper. Five reaction steps, the equilibrium between methanol and dimethyl ether, induction period, post-induction period, secondary reaction and deactivation, are introduced as well as the reaction types in each step. The main mechanism models and their experimental proofs are concluded. The mechanism models, especially the direct mechanism and the hydrocarbon pool theory, are discussed in detail in each reaction step. The hydrocarbon pool theory is thought as the one that can better explain the MTO reaction based on the experimental proof. Meanwhile the research methods, both theoretic and experimental are also reviewed in this paper.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Mechanisms of methanol to olefin reaction
2.1 Equilibrium between methanol and dimethyl ether
2.2 Induction period
2.3 Post-induction period
2.4 Secondary reaction
2.5 Deactivation
3 Conclusion

The polygonal cyclic metallosupramolecules based on 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine and transition metal ions are a new class of rigid oligomers which possess unique structural, electronic, and physical characteristics. Construction of highly ordered, regularly repeating molecular architectures through self-assembly techniques is of interest from a variety of supramolecular perspectives, which leads to utilitarian applications in molecular electronics, catalysis, luminescence, advanced drugs, nanoscale structures and devices, and crystal engineering. This review focuses on the synthesis, photochemical and electrochemical properties of the special class of the full-conjugated polygonal macrocyclic metallosupramolecules. The problems existed in this research field and possible prospects are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Conjugated Coordinate self-assembly supramolecular metallomacrocycles of terpyridine and transition metal ions
2.1 Triangle
2.2 Quadrangle
2.3 Pentagon
2.4 Hexagon
3 Perspects

Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted large amount of interest due to their unique properties. Although a lot of efforts have been focused on the investigation of their potential applications, characterization of ionic liquids and structure-property/activity relationships of ionic liquids are poorly understood. The recent progress in quantitative structure-property/activity relationship (QSPR/QSAR) studies of ionic liquids is reviewed．The principle of QSPR/QSAR, quantitative structure-property/activity relationship studies on the melting points of ionic liquids, infinite dilution activity coefficients of organic compounds, surface tensions of ionic liquids, solubility and partition coefficients of organic solutes in ionic liquids , conductivities and viscosities of ionic liquids and the toxicity of ionic liquids are introduced. The trend of QSPR/QSAR studies on ionic liquids is discussed．

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The research methods of QSPR/QSAR
3 QSPR/QSAR for ionic liquids
3.1 Exploration of QSPR/QSAR for the melting points(T_m) of ionic liquids
3.2 Exploration of QSPR/QSAR for the infinite dilution activity coefficients (γ_i^∞)of organic compounds in ionic liquids
3.3 Exploration of QSPR/QSAR for the surface tensions (σ) of ionic liquids
3.4 Exploration of QSPR/QSAR for the conductivities (κ)and viscosities(η) of ionic liquids
3.5 Exploration of QSPR/QSAR for the Ostwald solubility and partition coefficients of organic solutes in ionic liquids
3.6 Exploration of QSPR/QSAR for the toxicity of ionic liquids
4 Conclusion and perspective

Compared with the ammonium-type ionic liquids, phosphonium-based ionic liquids (PILs)have the advantages as less volatility, more stable physical and chemical properties, and combining solvent and catalytic function. Recently, PILs are considered with a growing emphasis as green reactive media. Many types of organic reactions are performed in PILs and some good effects are exhibited. This article focuses mainly on the preparation of PILs and the green organic reactions carried out in PILs, mostly adopting the pioneering work and some selected journal’s examples since the year of 2000. These reactions include Diels-Alder, Heck, Suzuki, Buchwald-Hartwig, Friedel-Crafts, Kornblum substitution, Grignard, carbonylation, transfer hydrogenation, hydroformylation, esterification reactions, etc. PILs media takes on a mumber of express advantages especially for some reactions which involve strong base conditions or electrophilic substitutions.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of phosphonium-based ionic liquids
2.1 Quaternary phosphonium salt with haloid anions
2.2 Quaternary phosphonium salt with non-haloid anions
2.3 Chiral phosphonium ionic liquids
2.4 Others
3 Green organic reactions in PILs
3.1 Diels-Alder reaction
3.2 Hydroformylation
3.3 Electrophilic substitution
3.4 Kornblum substitution
3.5 C-C coupling reaction
3.6 Buchwald-Hartwig reaction
3.7 Carbonylation
3.8 Grignard reaction
3.9 Reduction
3.10 Miscellaneous reactions
4 Concluding remarks

Since the discovery of conducting polymers in 1970s, they have attracted much attention due to their novel electronic, electrochemical and optical properties, as well as their promising applications. Typical examples are polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PTh), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and poly(p-phenylene) (PPP). Ionic liquids (ILs), a class of organic molten electrolytes at or near ambient temperature, are novel environmentally benign “green solvents” and have remarkable physicochemical properties. This paper reviews the research progress of ionic liquids for the electrosyntheses of conducting polymers, including the use of ionic liquids as growth media or supporting electrolytes to electrosynthesize and test the electrochemical behaviors of conducting polymers, and the use of the aggregations composed of ionic liquids (e.g. ionic liquid microemulsions) as novel electrolytes. The trend for future research is also prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Ionic liquids as growth media
2.1 Polypyrrole and its derivatives
2.2 Polyaniline and its derivatives
2.3 Polythiophene and its derivatives
2.4 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives
2.5 Poly(p-phenylene)
2.6 Co-polymerization of conducting polymers
3 Ionic liquids as supporting electrolytes
4 Ionic liquids as testing media
5 Aggregations composed of ionic liquids as growth media
6 Conclusion

Ionic liquids as a class of promising solvents have attracted much attention in recent years. Cellulose is the most abundant bio-renewable resource in the world and would be the most promising feedstock for industry in the future. Dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids combines two major green chemistry principles, using environmentally preferable solvents and bio-renewable feedstocks, and has opened a novel platform for the green utilization of cellulose materials. The progress in dissolution of cellulose with ionic liquids and its application for the preparation of regenerated cellulose composites, cellulose derivatives, and bio-ethanol are reviewed. More scrutinized studies on the fundamentals, such as the mechanism of dissolution and degradation of cellulose macromolecules, transformation of cellulose crystalline structure, and the homogeneous chemical modification of cellulose with solid reagents, have to be further investigated to develop new bio-polymers and prosper the industry.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids
3 Preparation of regenerated cellulose composites in ionic liquids
4 Preparation of cellulose derivatives in ionic liquids
5 Application of ionic liquids in the preparation of bio-ethanol from cellulosic resources
6 Prospects

As the richest biomass in the world, lignocellulose is the natural feedstock for producing clean energy and fine chemicals. Room-temperature ionic liquids, as a class of green materials developed in recent years, have important applications in the area of dissolution and separation of lignocellulose. In this paper, after a brief introduction for the composition and structure of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and room-temperature ionic liquids, the recent progress in dissolution and separation of lignocellulose with ionic liquids is reviewed. Based on the experimental results reported in literature, the dissolution and separation performance of ionic liquids for lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are summarized. The relationship between structure of ionic liquids and their dissolution performance is analyzed, and the possible dissolution mechanism is discussed. Finally, some problems in this area are proposed and the development tendency is prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The composition and structure of lignocellulose and relative room-temperature ionic liquids
2.1 The composition and structure of lignocellulose
2.2 The structure of room-temperature ionic liquids applied in dissolution and separation of lignocellulose
3 The recent process in dissolution of lignocellulose with room-temperature ionic liquids
3.1 Dissolution of lignin in room-temperature ionic liquids
3.2 Dissolution of cellulose in room-temperature ionic liquids
3.3 Dissolution of hemicellulose in room-temperature ionic liquids
4 The recent process in separation of lignocellulose with room-temperature ionic liquids
5 Prospects

Molecular imprinting technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and there have been some new techniques of preparation for molecular imprinted polymer. This paper summarizes the progress on these new techniques, and focuses on the molecular imprinting membrane technology development, the combinatorial methods in molecular imprinting, the new technology for preparing molecular imprinting microspheres, molecular imprinting by non-water-gel technology and application of new functional monomer.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 New techniques on preparation of molecularly imprinted membrances
2.1 Molecular imprinting of immobilizing epitopes as templates
2.2 Surface imprinting in layer-by-layer assembly
2.3 Nanotube imprinted membrane
3 Advances on combinatorial molecular imprinting techniques
3.1 Combinatorial approach
3.2 Computational approach
4 Advances on preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres
5 Grafting on the surface of a support
6 Preparation of monolithic column by mon-hydrolytic sol-gel method
7 Application of novel functional monomers
8 Concluding remarks

The formation of porous silicon (PSi) involves the transition from perfect single-crystal of silicon to non-perfect crystalline such as polycrystalline or even amorphous structures, depending strongly upon the fabrication conditions and the nature of silicon substrates. Significant effort has been made to employ various ex-situ methods to study crystalline transformation in order to understand the photoluminescence (PL) of PSi. This paper summarizes the crystalline structures of PSi fabricated at different conditions, and compares the advantages of various characterization techniques. TEM can directly observe the crystalline structures of PSi, but suffers difficulties in the preparation of TEM samples and the possible introduction of amorphous contents. The information of the inter-planar distance and the crystallite size of PSi can be obtained from XRD, while the pore structures (pore wall and size) based on the proposed structural model can be obtained from small angle X-ray scattering method, with more detailed information about the coordination atoms is available from X-ray absorption fine structure method. Raman spectroscopy is proved to be a non-destructive and quantitative method to characterize the microstructure of PSi when combined with the corresponding models. Finally, the current problems and future researching trends in the crystalline structures and their characterizations of PSi will be briefly mentioned.

Content
1 Introduction
2 Crystalline structures and characterization methods of porous silicon
2.1 Crystalline structures
2.2 Characterization methods
2.3 The limitation of the local characterization methods
3 Summarization

Titanium anodes with different metal oxide coatings are Ti-based metal coated oxide electrode, DSA for short. This article reviewes the program on the study of the anodes with different metal oxide coatings, including Ti/RuO₂ series electrode、Ti/SnO₂ series electrode、Ti/PbO₂ series electrode and others metal oxide coatings electrode. The characteristics of diversifying titanium anode coating and the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods are commented. The influence of rare earths and inter-layer over titanium anode are explained. At the same time, the development trend of the titanium electrode with different metal oxide coatings is proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Ti/RuO₂ series electrode
3 Ti/SnO₂ series electrode
4 Ti/PbO₂ series electrode
4.1 Research of inter-layer
4.2 Research of doped
5 Others series electrode
6 Conclusion

Carbon/conducting polymer composite is a novel electrode material which is recently used for the application of supercapacitors. The composites of carbon and metal oxide, or carbon and conducting polymers can fully combine advantages of double-layer capacitance of carbon materials and pseudo-capacitance of metal oxide or conducting polymer, thus the materials can provide not only high specific capacitance and working voltage, but also excellent cycle stability. In this paper, we illustrate the recent research progress of the composites of carbon at home and abroad, such as active carbon, carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers, and believe that the composites of carbon and conducting polymers will be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors, especially carbon aerogels, mesoporous carbon prepared by template synthesis, and carbide derived carbon which is prepared by selective thermo-chemical etching from carbide in chlorine gas flow.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors using carbon conducting polymer
3 Recent Progress in Carbon and Conducting polymer composites
3.1 Carbon
3.2 Conducting polymer
3.3 Carbon/conducting polymer composites
4 Conclusion

Mesoporous solid bases can catalyze diverse reactions with a low cost and reduce the production of pollutants. They are promising to take the place of liquid bases and are significant for the development of environmentally benign catalytic processes. The rapid development of mesoporous materials provides an opportunity for the research and preparation of mesoporous solid bases. Up to now, a series of mesoporous solid bases have been successfully synthesized by various methods. In the present paper, the approaches for generating basic sites on different mesoporous hosts, i.e. silica, alumina, zirconia, and carbon, are reviewed. The structures, properties, and catalytic performances of resulting basic materials are described. On the basis of these results, the different synthesis methods are evaluated and the mechanisms of basicity generation are clarified. Finally, the development tendency of mesoporous solid bases is proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Generating basic sites on mesoporous silica
2.1 Nitrogen doping
2.2 Grafting organic base
2.3 Functionalization with inorganic basic species
2.4 Formation of superbasicity by multicoating
3 Solid bases derived from mesoporous alumina host
3.1 SO₄^2- ions modified mesoporous alumina
3.2 Depositing metal sodium
3.3 One-pot synthesis of potassium-functionalized mesoporous γ-Al₂O₃
4 Basic species modified mesoporous zirconia and carbon
4.1 Employing mesoporous zirconia as a host
4.2 Employing mesoporous carbon as a host
5 Conclusion and outlook

Due to the unique and controllable optical properties and potential applications in biosensing and inorganic ionic sensing, triangular silver nanoprisms have been attracted much attention. The research advances on triangular silver nanoprisms are reviewed in this paper, including optical properties, main approaches for preparation of silver nanoprisms, surface modifications and fabrication of their particle films and detection of inorganic ions using silver triangular nanoprisms. In addition, the structural instability of triangular silver nanoprisms and the corresponding methods to solve this issue are also reviewed and discussed.

Contents
1 Optical properties of triangular silver nanoprisms
2 Synthesis of triangular silver nanoprisms
2.1 Photoinduced conversion method
2.2 Thermal conversion method
2.3 Microemulsion method
2.4 Reductive method
3 Surface modifications of triangular silver nanoprisms and fabrication of its particle film
4 Detection of inorganic ions using silver triangular nanoprisms
5 Instability of triangular silver nanoprisms
6 Conclusion and outlook

Organocatalytic asymmetric reaction is an increasingly active area in organic synthesis. The asymmetric [4+2] cycloaddition (Diels-Alder) reaction is a versatile tool for the synthesis of a large number of important chiral building blocks and intermediates in the total synthesis of natural products. The reported organocatalysts for asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction include imidazolidinone derivatives, chiral Br?nsted acids, chiral primary amines, cinchona alkaloids, etc. The applications of various organocatalysts in asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction and the asymmetric induction mechanism are reviewed in this paper.

Contents
1 Chiral imidazolidinone derivatives
2 Other chiral secondary amines
3 Chiral primary amines
4 Chiral Br?nsted acids
4.1 TADDOL
4.2 Chiral phosphoric acids
4.3 Other chiral Br?nsted acids
5 Cinchona alkaloid derivatives
6 Others
7 Conclusion

The recent progress of polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide is reviewed. The advantage of supercritical carbon dioxide used as an environmental medium in polymerization and reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide are described. It includes homogeneous free radical polymerizations, precipitation free radical polymerizations, dispersion free radical polymerizations, emulsion and inverse emulsion free radical polymerizations, cationic polymerizations, ring-opening polymerization, melt-phase condensation polymerizations, sol-gel polymerizations, polymer blend synthesis, catalytic chain transfer polymerizations, oxidative coupling polymerization, nitroxide-mediated radical dispersion, atom-transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, electrochemical polymerization, simultaneous one-pot combination of enzymatic and chemical polymerization, copolymerization of carbon dioxide used as monomer.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Free-radical polymerizations
2.1 Homogeneous polymerizations
2.2 Precipitation polymerizations
2.3 Dispersion and emulsion polymerizations
2.4 Inverse emulsion and pseudo dispersion polymerizations
2.5 Polymer blend synthesis
3 Cationic polymerizations
4 Step-growth polymerizations
4.1 Melt-phase condensation polymerizations
4.2 Oxidative coupling polymerization
4.3 Sol-gel polymerizations
5 Living polymerizations
5.1 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
5.2 Nitroxide-mediated radical dispersion
5.3 Atom-transfer radical polymerization
6 Other polymerizations
6.1 Ring-opening polymerization
6.2 Catalytic chain transfer polymerizations
6.3 Electrochemical polymerization
6.4 Hydrosilation polymerization
6.5 Simultaneous one-pot combination of enzymatic and chemical polymerization
6.6 CO2 copolymerization
7 Outlook

Magnetic hybrid nanoparticles have superparamagnetism from magnetite and lots of special properties from polymer parts, such as biocompatibility, stimuli-responsivity, fluorescence, and the dispersion of hybrid nanoparticles, are obviously improved compared to that of magnetite. The research of magnetic hybrid nanoparticles have been intensively pursued because of their potential application in biomedicine, catalysis, separation and other fields. In this paper, the research progress of the preparation of magnetic hybrid nanoparticles via surface-initiated polymerization is reviewed from polymerization mechanism, including traditional radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP), and ring-opening polymerization (ROP).

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of magnetic hybrid nanoparticles via surface-initiated polymerization from magnetite
2.1 Traditional radical polymerization
2.2 Living polymerization
3 Conclusion and prospects

Protein glycosylation as an important post-translational modifications has a significant effect on the structures and functions of proteins．As a section of proteomics, glycoproteomics is in the spotlight currently, and the efficient separation and enrichment of glycoproteins/glycopeptides from complex biological samples is the key and difficult point of glycoproteome research. In this paper, the progress in methods for the separation and enrichment of glycoproteins/glycopeptides and their applications are overviewed. These methodologies not only include most-often-used methods such as lectin-based affinity chromatography, boronic acid method, hydrazide chemistry and hydrophilic chromatography, but also some novel methods, for example, size exclusion chromatography and strong cation exchange enrichment.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Types and current research status of protein glycosylation
3 Methods for separation and enrichment of glycoproteins/glycopeptides and their applications
3.1 Lectin affinity chromatography
3.2 Boronic acid method
3.3 Hydrazide chemistry
3.4 Hydrophilic chromatography
3.5 Other methods
4 Conclusion

It is of great significance to deeply understand the life progress and promote medicine developments using appropriate techniques to characterize interaction between biomolecules. Microfluidic chip electrophoresis technique which combines microfluidic chip with capillary electrophoresis possesses many advantages including rapid, high performance, high throughput, low sample consumption and easy of integration, etc. It has already demonstrated great potential just in the early stage of application. In this paper, the separation mode, analysis methods and detection techniques in chip-CE biological binding constant and binding mechanism are reviewed respectively. The chip-CE is also simply compared with micro-array chip biomolecular interaction analysis. Finally, the development prospects and present situations in chip-CE are analyzed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Different microfluidic chip electrophoresis separation mode for biointeraction
2.1 Microfluidic chip zone migration electrophoresis
2.2 Microfluidic chip sieving electrophoresis
2.3 Microfluidic chip isoelectric focusing
2.4 Microchip electrochromatography
2.5 Microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography
2.6 Microchip affinity electrophoresis
2.7 Microchip multichannel electrophoresis
3 Estimation of binding constants
4 Detection techniques of microfluidic chip electrophoresis
4.1 Laser-induced fluorescence detection
4.2 Electrochemical detection
4.3 Electrochemical luminescence detection
4.4 Mass spectrometry
4.5 UV absorbance detection
4.6 Surface plasmon resonance
5 Other techniques based on chip involved in biomolecular research
6 Conclusion and perspective

In this paper, the applications of nanotechnology in capillary electrophoresis and microfuidic chip biomolecular are reviewed. The nanotechnology is used to improve seperation effect by the nanomaterials of gold, silica, polymer, metal oxide and carbon nanotube, and the nanostructures including nanopillars and nanochannels, prepared by microelectromechanical(MEMS) technologies, chemical synthesis or self-assembly. The development of this field is also proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The applications of nanomaterials in capillary electrophoresis and chip electrophoresis
2.1 The application methods of nanomaterials in capillary electrophoresis
2.2 Applications of different kinds of nanomaterials in capillary electrophoresis
2.3 The applications of nanomaterials in chip bioelectrophoresis separation
3 The microfluidic chip electrophoresis seperation based on the construction of 3D-nanostructure
3.1 The sieving separations based on size differences
3.2 Separations based on entropic difference
3.3 Anisotropic separation
3.4 Brownian diffusion separation
3.5 Application of nanotechnologies in chip chromatography and chip electrochromatography
3.6 Techniques of nanochannels and nanofluidics
4 Conclusion and perspectives

As a kind of sampling preparation method, solid phase microextraction (SPME) has many advantages such as simplicity, versatility, sensitivity and solvent free. It has gained widespread acceptance in separation and analysis. As the key factor of the SPME technique, coatings on SPME fiber determine the performance and application of SPME technique. Consequently, developing new coatings is the most important work for SPME. With the development of preparation methods of SPME coatings, many new coatings have appeared in recent years，and these new coatings expand the application fields of SPME technique. This review summaries the development of new SPME coatings in the past three years，and mainly focuses on the preparation methods and properties of new SPME coatings.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Development of New Coatings for Solid Phase Microextraction
2.1 Physical precipiation method
2.2 Electrodeposited method
2.3 Directly use
2.4 Adhesive method
2.5 Sol–gel method
2.6 Molecularly imprinted method
2.7 Other preparation methods of SPME coatings
3 Expectation

Fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for bacterial survival. In recent years, components of this biosynthetic pathway have aroused wide concern. One fatty acid synthase, FabH (β-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase Ⅲ), is a particularly attractive target which catalyzes the initial step of fatty acid biosynthesis. The pivotal role of this essential enzyme combined with its ubiquitous occurrence in bacteria and no homologous protein in human being has made it an attractive new target for the development of new antibacterial agents. Small molecules that inhibit FabH enzymatic activity have the potential to be candidates within a novel class of selective, nontoxic, broad-spectrum antibacterials. In this paper, fatty acid biosynthesis, recent advances in the research of FabH as well as related inhibitors are reviewed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Structure of FabH
2.1 FabH
2.2 mtFabH
3 FabH Inhibitors
3.1 Thiolactomycin(TLM)
3.2 Platensimycin and platencin
3.3 Indole compounds
3.4 Benzoylaminobenzoic acid derivatives
3.5 Alkylsulfonyl substituents
3.6 1,2-dithiole-3-ones
3.7 Thiazolidine-2-One 1,1-dioxide
3.8 Alkyl-CoA disulfides
4 Conclusion and perspective

It has been shown recently that consumption of 1,3-Diacylglycerol(1,3-DAG) oil has beneficial effects on the suppressing the accumulation of body fat and preventing the increase of body weight. However, because of the minor content of 1,3-DAG in natural form, the synthesis of 1,3-DAG has become more significant. Chemical methods and enzymatic approach can be used for 1,3-DAG preparation. By comparison, there are many advantages associated with enzymatic approach: the reaction can be carried out under mild conditions, the process is environmentally friendly and high quality product can be achieved. Therefore, more and more attention have been paid to the enzymatic method for 1,3-DAG production in recent years. This review covers the aspects of enzyme-mediated catalysis for 1,3-DAG, and also suggests that reducing the cost and prolonging the lifetime of the enzyme can promote enzyme-mediated production of 1,3-DAG on industrial scale.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Lipases for 1,3-DAG preparation
3 Methods for 1,3-DAG preparation
3.1 Esterification
3.2 Partial hydrolysis
3.3 Partial alcoholysis
3.4 Glycerolysis
3.5 Hydrolysis or alcoholysis followed by esterification
3.6 Other methods
4 Enzyme reactors for 1,3-DAG production
5 Conclusion and prospects

Hydrogen is an environmentally cleaner source of energy, hopeful to replace carbon economy. The availability of feasible methods for hydrogen storage is one of the keys for large scale application. In recent years, solid materials most actively investigated can be regarded for their high hydrogen storage capacity and good reversibility. As a result, many new hydrogen storage materials have been developed. Among them, one of the most promising systems at present is metal complex hydride, which MAlH₄(M=Li, Na) as a typical alanate. In this paper, the recent studies on MAlH₄(M=Li, Na) as storage hydrogen materials are reviewed. The hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction, hydrogen storage properties, reaction mechanisms, theoretical calculations and remaining problems are discussed. And the development trend of MAlH₄(M=Li, Na) is also introduced.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Properties and structures of MAlH₄ (M=Li,Na)
3 De-/rehydrogenation of undoped MAlH₄ (M=Li,Na)
4 De-/rehydrogenation of doped MAlH₄ (M=Li,Na)
4.1 Dopants and doping methods of MAlH₄ (M=Li,Na)
4.2 Catalysis mechanism of doped MAlH₄ (M=Li,Na)
4.3 Theoretical investigation of MAlH₄ (M=Li,Na)
4.4 Kinetic properties of doped NaAlH₄
5 Summary and outlook

Hydrogen storage technology is of great importance for hydrogen economy in the 21st century. With the merits of high purity, high crystallization, low cost, large scale productive capability and structure controllable characteristics, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proved to be very promising in the field of gas storage especially hydrogen storage. In this paper, the research progress of MOFs, including MOF-5, IRMOFs and MMOMs, as hydrogen storage materials in recent years is detailedly reviewed, the structure-modifying technologies for improving hydrogen storage capability of MOFs are systematically introduced, the research progress of theoretical simulation of MOFs as hydrogen storage materials is summarized, and the problems and controversial opinions on hindering the enhancement of hydrogen storage ability of MOFs are pointed out.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as hydrogen storage materials
2.1 MOF-5 as hydrogen storage materials
2.2 IRMOFs as hydrogen storage materials
2.3 MMOMs as hydrogen storage materials
2.4 Other modification methods of MOFs as hydrogen storage materials
2.5 Theoretical modeling and prediction of hydrogen storage property of MOFs
3 Conclusion

Recent progress in research on organic sulfide electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which are new type cathode materials with high specific capacity, including organodisulfide, organomultisulfide and sulfurized polymers, is introduced. Organic sulfides are of electrochemical activity due to the chemical reversibility of S-S oxidation and reduction reactions. In this paper the advantages and shortcomings of the electrode materials are discussed, and their development are also previewed. In addition, improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of the materials should be the research priorities.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Organodisulfide
2.1 Polydisulfide
2.2 Dithiopolymers
3 Organomultisulfide
4 Sulfurized Polymers
5 Conclusion

One-dimensional nanomaterials are widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) in the form of ordered or disordered, single or composite structure and display their unique characteristics in electronics and optics. Researchers paid much more attention to “electron expressway concept” based on one-dimensional nanomaterials in DSSC. The progress of the application of one-dimensional nanomaterials in DSSC is reviewed in this paper. We mainly introduce the electronic traits and the synthetic methods of one-dimensional nanomaterials in photoanodes, the fabrication method of photoanodes, the performance of the solar cells and its advantages and disadvantages. The foreground of one-dimensional nanomaterials used in DSSC are discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Photoanodes with disordered one-dimensional nanomaterials
2.1 Composite photoanodes with disordered one-dimensional nanomaterials and nanoparticles
2.2 Photoanodes with single disordered one-dimensional TiO₂ nanomaterials
3 Photoanodes with aligned and ordered one-dimensional nanomaterials
3.1 Photoanodes with aligned and ordered one-dimensional ZnO nanomaterials
3.2 Photoanodes with aligned and ordered one-dimensional TiO₂ nanomaterials
4 Application of one-dimensional nanomaterials in other parts of DSSC
4.1 Application of one-dimensional nanomaterials in electrolytes
4.2 Application of one-dimensional nanomaterials in counter electrodes
5 Conclusion

With the rapid development and increasing market demand in the field of micro power sources, micro fuel cells based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology have been attracting more and more social attentions due to the great application prospects in the future. In this paper, the general situation of the overseas applications of micro fuel cells is introduced in detail. The feasibility of micro fuel cells fabrication using MEMS technology and characteristics of different types of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are briefly discussed. Combining with the critical components including the monopolar plate and membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the latest research progress of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are also summarized systematically. Finally, the existing problems and development trend are analyzed, and the urgent demand for developing MEMS-based micro fuel cells in our country is demonstrated.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 General situation of the overseas applications of micro fuel cells
2.1 General situation of the military applications
2.2 General situation of the civil applications
3 Research progress of MEMS-based micro fuel cells
3.1 The monopolar plate
3.2 The membrane electrode assembly (MEA)
4 Existing problems and prospects analysis of MEMS-based micro fuel cells
4.1 The monopolar plate materials
4.2 The MEA fabrication methods
4.3 The system design
5 Conclusions

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied as water treatment materials in recent years. In this paper, the progress in water treatment materials based on CNTs are reviewed. The modification and preparation methods of water treatment materials based on CNTs are introduced. The application progress of CNTs in water treatment materials, i.e., adsorption materials, photocatalysis materials, supports for adsorbents and supports for wet oxidation catalysts, is summarized. The mechanism of employing CNTs as adsorbents, supports for adsorbents/catalysts and application of CNTs to prepare photocatalysis materials is discussed.

Contents
1 Carbon nanotubes adsorbents
1.1 Adsorption of inorganic pollutants by carbon nanotubes
1.2 Adsorption of organic pollutants by carbon nanotubes
2 Composite photocatalyst based on carbon nanotubes
3 Adsorbents and catalysts using carbon nanotubes as supports
3.1 Adsorbents using carbon nanotubes as supports
3.2 Wet-degradation catalysts using carbon nanotubes as supports
4 Other water treatment materials based on carbon nanotubes
5 Perspective