Professor Yang Chengzong is one of the founders of radiochemistry in China. In 1947-1951, he was granted a scholarship for graduate study in the Institute Curie of Paris University in France. Upon receiving his Ph.D., he came back from France at once without hesitation. Early in the 1950s, Professor Yang was the pioneer in developing fundamental radiochemistry and its application. Professor Yang’s most outstanding contribution to the development of China’s nuclear energy is in the field of nuclear fuel production, which plays an important role in nuclear weapons tests. Professor Yang is a rigorous and hard-working scientist holding fruitful achievements with noble character and high prestige. This brief biography not only acts as a historical record of his career of scientific research and teaching , but also serves as enlightenment to us.

To reduce or eliminate chemical pollution in origin is the ideal of green chemistry, while its principles are the best elucidation for its essence. Based on the 12 well-known principles proposed by Anastas et al in 1998, the 12 more principles were complemented by Anastas himself and Winterton, respectively from technical, economic and commercial considerations. Unfortunately, these principles don’t explicitly include concept which is highly relevant to environmental impact. As a result, the concept of green engineering and its principles were proposed. Tang et al subsequently simplified the original 12 green chemistry and 12 green engineering principles proposed by Anastas et al as the mnemonic, communicative and popularized “IMPROVEMENTS PRODUCTIVELY”. However, the principles are still intuitive and commonsensible and thus can’t explicitly reflect the inherent relationships between the goal and related research fields of green chemistry. It is estimated that the green chemistry principles which are centered around designation of green, coordination of Atom Economy and Effective Mass Yield etc., data collection of life-cycle assessment, integration of properties of catalyst with reaction, separation and recycling use, and the optimization and balance of evaluation metrics and methods to greenness etc. still need to be developed and upgraded over a long period of time.

Contents
1 Proposition of the green chemistry principles
2 Development of the green chemistry principles
3 From the green chemistry principles to the green engineering principles
4 Several considerations for developing the green chemistry principles
4.1 Looking before you leap while labeling the green
4.2 Coordination of Atom Economy and Effective Mass Yield etc.
4.3 Data collection of life-cycle assessment
4.4 Integrating properties of catalyst with reaction, separation and recycle
4.5 Optimization and balance of evaluation metrics and methods to greenness

Hydrogen is one of the centerpieces of a sustainable, carbon-free energy supply, which has been attracted growing attention because of the rapid consumption of fossil fuel and unacceptable environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect. In nature, some green algae can produce hydrogen after incubation under anaerobic conditions, during which hydrogenase is synthesized and activated. The hydrogenase can reversely catalyze oxidation of hydrogen gas and reduction of protons, thus attracted much attention in the biohydrogen production and biofuel cells. This paper reviews recent developments in the design and assembly of hydrogenase-modified electrodes, wherein the enzyme was immobilized by physical adsorption, self-assembly, sol-gel and Langmuir-Blodgett methods. Electrochemical properties of hydrogenase in the molecular assemblies and biohydrogen production are discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Physical adsorption
3 Coadsorption
3.1 Polymer-hydrogenase coadsorption
3.2 Clay-hydrogenase-polyviologen coadsorption
3.3 Carbon nanotubes-hydrogenase coadsorption
3.4 Coadsorption of self-assembled monolayers of porphyrin/viologen and hydrogenase
4 Langmuir-Blodgett method
5 Covalently bonding method
6 Sol-gel method
7 Conclusion

The progress on additives of interphase films formed on anode/electrolyte and cathode/electrolyte interphases for lithium ion batteries is reviewed in this paper. On the basis of summarization of the mechanism of SEI film formation on anode surface, the performance of additives is reviewed and evaluated from two different SEI formation mechanisms, modification film mechanism and formation film mechanism, respectively. The drawback and challenge of SEI film formation additives are also illustrated. In addition, the mechanism and the progress of additives on cathode/electrolyte interphase are basically introduced. At the end of the paper, the application of theoretical calculation methods on interphase film is basically reviewed, and the application of theoretical calculation methods on the designation and optimization of new additives is also prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Progress of formation process and characterization of interphase films
2.1 SEI of anode/electrolyte
2.2 Additives of interphase film formation on cathode/electrolyte
3 The application of theoretical calculation method on interphase film
3.1 The application of theoretical calculation method on the mechanism of interphase film formation
3.2 The application of theoretical calculation method on the mechanism and designation of additives of interphase film formation
4 Conclusion and prospect

Laccases are multi-coper proteins belonging to the small group of named blue enzymes. Laccase is a phenol oxidase that catalyzes oxidation of many organic pollutants. Laccase-catalyzed oxidation of organic pollutants in water have received much attention from researchers in recent years because of its substantial advantages such as low substrate specificity, low energy consumption, simpleness and environmentally friendly. In this paper, the latest developments in laccase-catalyzed degradation of organic pollutants in water were reviewed. The chemical composition, structure, catalytic degradation mechanism, immobilization, influence factors (pH values, temperature, metal ions, nutritional elements, organic solvents, concentration of laccase, initial concentration of substrate, etc.), degradation kinetics and application to treat organic pollutants in water are reviewed. Laccase uses molecular oxygen to oxidize various aromatic and non-aromatic compounds by a radical-catalyzed reaction mechanism with the concomitant reduction of oxygen to water. The main problems and the prospect of the application of laccase for organic wastewater treatment were presented.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Structure and catalytic oxidation mechanisms of laccases
2.1 Chemical composition and structure of laccases
2.2 Catalytic oxidation mechanisms of laccases
3 Immobilization
3.1 Adsorption method
3.2 Entrapped method
3.3 Ionic exchanging method
3.4 Covalent method
3.5 Cross-linking method
4 Influence factors
4.1 pH values
4.2 Temperature
4.3 Metal ions
4.4 Other factors
5 Degradation kinetics
6 Application to treat organic pollutants in water
6.1 Degradation of organic pollutants by laccases
6.2 Laccase biosensors
6.3 Degradation of organic pollutants by laccase-sonic combination technology
7 Conclusion

Most photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) kinetics of volatile organic pollutants fit the L-H model. In this paper, we reviewed the recent research process in proposed kinetic models based on L-H models. However, besides the flow rate and the initial concentration, light intensity, relative humidity, the photoreactor-related coefficient, the convective mass transfer coefficients, electron-hole pair recombination rate and intermediate by-production also play an important role in the photocatalytic oxidation reactions. Methods to identify the rate-determining step using those kinetic models were then discussed. The applicability of L-H model under various experimental conditions, such as photoreactor parameters, light source and the properties of VOCs and photocatalyst, was also investigated.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Research in Langmuir-Hinshelwood model of photocatalytic oxidation kinetics of volatile organic pollutants
2.1 Langmuir-Hinshelwood model
2.2 The modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood models
2.3 Methods to identify the rate-determining step
2.4 Other methods of investigation on the photocatalytic oxidation kinetics
3 Conclusion

The supported cobalt is one of important Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts, its catalytic activity and selectivity（i.e. CH4%, C5+%）are strongly depended on the metallic Co site dispersion and density. Therefore, increasing metallic Co dispersion and catalyst reducibility provide the effective way to improve Co utilization efficiency and decrease catalyst cost. This paper summarizes the recent progress in highly dispersed supported Co FTS catalyst. We focus on the influences of preparation method, support type and the noble metal promoter on catalyst reducibility and metal dispersion. We also discuss the structural requirements for reaction stability and FTS performance on highly dispersed supported Co catalyst as well as propose some suggestion for supported Co catalyst development.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The influences of preparation method
3 The influences of support type
3.1 Conventional oxidic supports
3.2 Mesoporous molecular sieve as supports
3.3 Other supports
4 Effects of noble metal promoted effects
5 The influences of metallic Co dispersion on FTS activity, stability and selectivity
6 The conclusion

As far as the homogeneous catalyst or nano catalyst developed quickly in the past decade is concerned, it is one of the main research topics to find the new procedure to separate and recycle them out of the reaction mixture in combination with their preparation. Considering the above background, many related researches on the application of the superparamagnetic nanoparticle as the catalyst supporter have been conducted recently. Compared to their parent catalysts in solution, the magnetic nanoparticle-supported catalytic species not only allow facile seperation and recycling of the catalyst under the extern magnetic field, but also keep their previous dynamic performance such as high activity and selectivity due to the body size under the nano meter scale. In this paper, the preparation of the superparamagnetic particle as the catalyst supporter as well as the catalytic activity is reviewed, and the direction of the further research is suggested.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of superparamagnetic nano supporter
2.1 Preparation of C/NiFe nanoparticle
2.2 Preparation of γ-Fe₂O₃、Fe₃O₄、NiFe₂O₃ nanoparticles and so on
2.3 Preparation of SiO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle
2.4 Preparation of polymer/Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle
3 Preparation of catalyst and test of catalytic activity
3.1 Acid and base catalyst
3.2 Noble metal catalyst
3.3 Chiral catalyst
3.4 Transition metal coordination catalyst
3.5 Enzyme
3.6 Other catalysts
4 Conclusion and prospects

Template-direct method provides a new approach of synthesizing porous materials for lithium-ion batteries and has currently become one of the most popular topics in the materials preparation. The latest progress in template-direct method synthesis lithium-ion batteries materials is reviewed in details. The principle, classification and procedure of this method are described. Finally, the characteristics and some questions of porous materials for lithium-ion batteries are discussed. The research trends of this field are brought forward.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The outline of template-directed method
3 Template-directed method synthesis of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
3.1 Template-directed method synthesis of lithium cobalt oxide
3.2 Template-directed method synthesis of lithium manganese oxide
3.3 Template-directed method synthesis of lithium iron phosphate
3.4 Template-directed method synthesis of other cathode materials
4 Template-directed method synthesis of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
4.1 Template-directed method synthesis of carbon
4.2 Template-directed method synthesis of titanium oxide
4.3 Template-directed method synthesis of tin oxide
4.4 Template-directed method synthesis of other anode materials
5 Conclusion

Adsorption and TiO₂ photocatalysis are widely used for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, due to the limited adsorption capacity, saturated absorbent needs further regeneration or be replaced. In addition, the problems of low activity, deactivation and separation for TiO₂ photocatalysis restrict its large scale application.For the combined adsorption-photocatalysis composite, TiO₂ photocatalysis can realize in-situ regeneration of adsorbent then improve its adsorption capacity. Adsorbent can provide high organic concentration environment for loaded TiO₂ photocatalyst, improve photocatalytic activity and retard catalyst deactivation, inhibite the competition adsorption of H₂O for active sites. In this paper, recent progress of the combined adsorption-photocatalysis for the removal of indoor VOCs was reviewed. Type of adsorbents, methods of composite preparation and reactors were introduced. Effect of the combination of adsorption and photocatalysis on the structure and photocatalytic properties of TiO₂ include surface characteristics, activity and deactivation were systematically investigated.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Type of adsorbents
2.1 Zeolite
2.2 Activated Carbon
2.3 Silica
2.4 Activated Carbon Fiber
2.5 Carbon nanotubes
3 Effect of the combined adsorption-photocatalysis on the structure and photocatalytic activities of photocatalyst
3.1 Effect of the combined adsorption-photocatalysis on the surface area and interface
3.2 Effect of combined adsorption-photocatalysis on mass transfer
3.3 Effect of combined adsorption-photocatalysis on surface pH
3.4 Effect of the combined adsorption-photocatalysis on the deactivation
3.5 Effect of the combined adsorption-photocatalysis on the side effects of steam
4 The methods of composite preparation
4.1 Physical method
4.2 Chemical method
5 Reactor of the combined adsorption-photocatalysis process
6 Conclusions

As a potential "green" solvents, room-temperature ionic liquids(RTILs) have recieved much attention, and significant progress has been made in their applications for organic synthesis, catalysis, liquid-liquid separations, and extractions. However, inorganic synthesis is a relatively new branch in the ionic liquid community which shows that ILs have great advantage over the traditional solvents in the synthetical process and provide a new route for inorganic synthesis. In recent years, a number of inorganic materials with unique structures and properties have been synthesized from ionic liquids. This paper reviews the status and application of ionic liquids in the inorganic synthesis. Ionic liquids at present are mainly used as electrolytes, surfactants or solvents, the advantages and disadvantages of ionic liquids in the application are analyzed. Ionothermal synthesis and all-in-one ionic liquids are the development trends in the synthesis of inorganic materials in the future.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Ionic liquids as electrolytes
3 Ionic liquids as a surfactants or solvents
4 Ionothermal synthesis
5 all-in-one ionic liquids
6 Conclusions and prospects

Due to their outstanding electronic, optical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied extensively recently, but their poor dispersibility in solvent and bad compatibility with other materials critically limit their application, many approaches and methods for functionalization of CNTs have been reported to solve these problems. All kinds of methods to modification of CNTs with free radical reaction are reviewed in this paper, which include small molecules and macromolecules. Small molecular reaction include diazonium salts, initiator decompose free radicals, carbene free radicals, and nitrene free radicals. Macromolecules grafting include ATRP, RAFT, NMP, Ce(IV) ions initiation polymerizaiton, in situ bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization, soap-free emulsion polymerization and so on. In this paper, the free radicals generated by other methods to functionalize CNTs are also reviewed briefly.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Functionalization of CNTs with small molecular radical
2.1 Functionalization of CNTs with aryl diazonium salt
2.2 Functionalization of CNTs with peroxide
2.3 Functionalization of CNTs with azo compound
2.4 Functionalization of CNTs with carbene radicals
3 Functionalization of CNTs with radical polymerization
3.1 The “graft from” method
3.2 The “graft to” method
4 Outlook

Study on cleavage DNA activity of chromium complexes attracts aboard attention owing to theirs important application prospects in medical, pharmaceutical and biology fields. In this paper, the research progress of chromium complexes with cleaving DNA activity is reviewed. The studies of the chromium complexes of various coordination mode and structure-activity relationship in this field are introduced The action mechanism of the chromium complexes are summarized. Finally, the research and development trends of chromium complexes with different valences are put forward.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Study on cleavage DNA activity of chromium complexes
2.1 Metal Cr(Ⅲ) complexes
2.2 Metal Cr(Ⅴ)O complexes
2.3 Metal Cr(Ⅵ) complexes
3 The action mechanism of the metal chromium complexes with DNA
4 Conclusion and prospective

The structure properties of pyrochlore-type complex oxides are introduced systematically, whose preparation methods and influence factors in recent years are also summarized. The progress of these materials in photocatalytically degrading organic compounds and splitting water is reviewed，and the photocatalytic mechanism and factors influencing photocatalytic performance are discussed. The potential applications of pyrochlore-type oxides are analyzed, in addition, the ideas for further research are presented.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Structures of pyrochlore-type complex oxides
3 Preparation methods of pyrochlore-type complex oxides
3.1 The gas-state reaction method
3.2 The solid-state reaction method
3.3 The liquid-state reaction method
4 Photocatalytic performance of pyrochlore-type complex oxides
4.1 Photodegradation of organic compounds
4.2 Photocatalytic water splitting
5 Conclusions and prospect

As a kind of promising anode material for lithium ion batteries, silicon-based materials have been attracted much attention. The poor cycling stability due to the huge volume change during lithiation and delithiation and the low initial coulombic efficiency are the critical problems that limit their commercial application. Nanocrystallization, alloying and carbon-coating are effective measures to solve these issues. This article reviews the progress in silicon/compound composites in which TiB2, TiN and TiC act as the matrices, silicon-metal composites including Fe-Si, Cu-Si and Ni-Si, and silicon/carbon composites. In respect of the research on silicon/carbon composites, emphasis is put on the preparation methods like pyrolysis, milling, milling-pyrolysis and chemical polymerization, and the carbon sources such as polypyrrole, polyvinylchloride(PVC), polyacrylonitrile(PAN), resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, citric acid and epoxy resin. In addition, the progress in Si/carbon nanotubes composite materials is also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Si-compound composites
3 Si-metal composites
3.1 Si-Fe composites
3.2 Si-Cu composites
3.3 Si-Ni composites
4 Si/C composites
4.1 Si/C composites prepared by pyrolysis
4.2 Si/C composites prepared by ball-milling
4.3 Si/C composites prepared by ball-milling and pyrolysis
4.4 Si/C composites prepared by other methods
4.5 Si/carbon nanotubes
5 Conclusions

Due to their potential important applications for the separation of protein, the use in biosensors, the development of biomedical diagnostics, the treatment of human diseases and the basic biomedical research, the interaction studies of oligopeptide (3-20 amino acid residues) with synthetic receptors are of great current interest. The recent progress in the interaction studies of synthetic receptor with oligopeptide has been reviewed. This review introduces the interaction of small molecule with individual amino acid residue, the sequence selective recognition for oligopeptide of small molecule, the inducement and recognition for oli-gopeptide of small molecule and the interaction studies of polymer with oligopeptide. In addition, the challenges, as well as the suggestions to further development of the design of oligopeptide receptors are outlined.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Interaction of little molecule with oligopeptide
2.1 Interaction of little molecule with individual amino acid residue
2.2 Sequence selective recognition for oligopeptide of little molecule
2.3 Inducement and recognition for oligopeptide of little molecule
3 Interaction of polymer with oligopeptide
3.1 Interaction of linear polymer with oligopeptide
3.2 Adsorption and separation materials for oligopeptide
4 Conclusions and perspectives

Metal-ligand coordination is one of the most important interactions used in supramolecular chemistry. Oligopyridine ligands can coordinate with many transition metal ions and form stable complexes with unique magnetic, photophysical and electrochemical properties, so transition metal complexes based on terpyridine ligands have been attracting considerable attention. This review systematically summarizes the assembly methodologies for terpyridine ligand and its derivatives and the photophysical and photochemical properties of terpyridine transition metal complexes, including monotopic, ditopic and multitopic terpyridine ligands and mononuclear, multinuclear complexes with various topologic structures, such as linear metal oligomers, metallopolymers, metallomacrocyclic compounds and organic-metal dendrimers. Meanwhile, the perspectives in their applications and studies are also emphasized.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Mononuclear metal complexes
2.1 Assembly strategies and physical properties of mononuclear metal complexes
2.2 Assembly of mononuclear Ru(Ⅱ) complexes
2.3 Photophysical properties of mononuclear Ru(Ⅱ) complexes
2.4 Photophysical properties of other mononuclear metal complexes
3 Multinuclear metal complexes
3.1 Multinuclear linear metallo-oligomers
3.2 Metallopolymers
3.3 Metallopolygons
3.4 3-Dimensional metallomacromolecules
4 Research situations in China
5 Conclusion

Silole-based π-conjugated compounds and their derivatives have been actively studied as promising electroluminescent materials because of their unique electronic structure (low-lying LUMO level), formed by σ*-π* conjugation. This article summarizes recent progress in the synthesis of silole derivatives and the applications as both emitter and electron-transport materials, respectively by 1,1,2,3,4,5-substituted siloles, silicon-bridged stilbene, dithienosilole, spiro-silole derivatives. This article explains how the silicon to tune up the electronic structure of the heterocyclic systems. The influence of molecular structures achieved by changeing the substitutes on the electronic properties of silole derivatives is discussed in detail. The future research direction of silole derivatives is also mentioned.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Silole derivatives-based electroluminescent materials
2.1 2,3,4,5-substituted silole derivatives-based electroluminescent materials
2.2 Silicon-bridged stilbene based electroluminescent materials
2.3 Dithienosilole derivatives-based electroluminescent materials
2.4 Spiro-silole derivatives-based electroluminescent materials
3 Conclusion

Highly hydrated hydrogels can better mimic the chemical and physical environments of cartilage extracellular matrix(ECM)and therefore are ideal biomaterials for cartilage regeneration. Besides the traditional hydrogels which have been used in cartilage repair, some hydrogels with new structures and properties are also introduced in this article, including mechanically strong hydrogels and hydrogels containing functional proteins or peptide domains. First, hydrogels with smart response to pH, temperature, ions, stresses and bioactive factors are thus discussed. Second, self-assembled hydrogels containing peptide domains which present a novel advance in terms of their structural similarity to natural ECM of cartilage and their bioactivity to cartilage regeneration are illustrated. Some hydrogels can be crosslinked by interaction between or among self-assembled α-helix structures, and others may self-assemble to form nanofibrous structures. DNA sequences and molecules have also been used to design DNA based hydrogels. The hydrogel filled porous scaffolds, on the other hand, can maintain both the good mechanical strength of the hard scaffolds and the good biocompatibility of the soft hydrogels, thus behaved better performance in cartilage regeneration. The injectable hydrogel/microcarrier composites with suitabley mechanical properties and degradation time are another type of appealing scaffolds having the in vivo culture environment for the delivered cells, minimal invasion and low cost of surgical procedures. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in cartilage repair, thus can be encapsulated into the hydrogels and differentiate into the chondrocytes in situ. For this sense, stimulating factors such as growth factors, genes and hydrostatic or dynamic compression may be simultaneously applied to accelerate cartilage regeneration.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Novel fabricating methods of hydrogels
2.1 Hydrogels and their fabricating methods
2.2 Hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties
2.3 Stimuli-responsive hydrogels
2.4 Self-assembled hydrogels
3 Hydrogels incorporated with cells and bioactive factors
3.1 Chondrocytes/hydrogel systems
3.2 Stem cells/hydrogel systems
3.3 Cells/bioactive factors/hydrogel systems
4 Conclusions and perspectives

The synthesis of the “bioinspired” polymers with phospholipids-like structures has been developed as an important field in improving the biocompatibilities of biomedical materials. In the present article, the syntheses of phosphorylcholine-contained polymers as well as the phosphorylcholine-modification methods of several systems are summarized. Furthermore, the applications of phosphorylcholine-modified polymers in biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, blood purification, drug delivery and biosensors are briefly reviewed. Also, the development and applications of the phosphorylcholine-modified polymers in the future are discussed.

Contents
1 Phosphorylcholine-containing monomers and their copolymers
2 Grafting modification of phosphorylcholine on material surfaces
3 Phosphorylcholine modification in biodegradable systems
4 Application and prospects of Phosphorylcholine-containing polymers

Polymers with fluorinated side groups have attracted much attention due to their unique properties, such as high chemical and thermal stability, low surface free energy, and outstanding biocompatibility. Therefore, fluoropolymers are used prevalently in functional coating, textile finishing, and aeronautics and astronautics industries. The relationship between the structures of fluorinated polymers (including the structures of the main chains, the perfluorinated alkyl groups, and the spacer groups between them) and their surface properties is reviewed in this paper. Finally, the research progress of environmentally friendly low surface energy polymers with fluorinated side groups is introduced.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The relationship between structures and surface properties of polymers with fluorinated side groups
2.1 Structures of main chain
2.2 Structures of perfluoroalkyl chain
2.3 Spacer groups between the main chain and perfluoroalkyl chain
3 Environmentally friendly perfluoroalkyl polymers
4 Conclusion and prospects

In this paper, the main factors which may influence the micelle morphology and behavior of amphiphilic block copolymers in selective solvents are reviewed. These factors mainly include the solution temperature, the type of selective solvents, the lengths of blocks, the crystalline block, the hydrogen-bond interaction between the blocks and the solvent as well as the concentration of the block copolymers. The experimental methods for controlling the micelle morphology of amphiphilic block copolymers in selective solvents are then summarized. The recent advances in the micellar behaviors of a special type of amphiphilic block copolymers in selective solvents, which are capable to response to the external stimuli such as the environmental temperature and pH value, were also presented. Finally, the existing problems and future possible development directions of this research field are discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Micellar morphologies of “amphiphilic” block copolymer in selective solvent and their influenced factors
2.1 Temperature
2.2 Copolymer concentration
2.3 Solvent
2.4 Block length
2.5 Hydrogen bond
2.6 Crystallization
2.7 Cooperative effect of several factors
3 Micellar behavior of stimulus-responsive block copolymers
4 Existing problems and prospects

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) is considered to be a new “green solvent”, because it is nontoxic, nonflammable, easy separation and readily available in high purity from a number of sources. scCO₂ has been shown to be a promising alternative solvent for conventional volatile organic solvents. A significant technical barrier with using scCO₂ is that it is a relatively weak solvent of important classes of materials which tend to exhibit low solubility in scCO₂ including polar molecules and high-molecular weight polymers, which limites its industrial applications. Currently, in order to expand its applications, the discovery of inexpensive CO₂-soluble materials or “CO₂-philes” has been an important challenge. There has been considerable research effort focused on discovering inexpensive CO2-philic polymers from which inexpensive CO₂-philic surfactants, ligands, and phase transfer agents could be developed. The present paper reviews the recent progress of CO₂-philic polymers and their design principles based on the molecular characteristics (flexibility and free volume, weak self-interactions of solutes and powerful interactions between CO₂ and solutes). And the applications of CO₂-philic polymers such as surfactant preparation, solubilisation of catalysts and dyes will also be discussed.

Contents
1 Study of CO₂-philic polymers
2 Design of CO₂-philic hydrocarbon polymers
2.1 Flexibility and free volume
2.2 Weak self-interactions of solutes
2.3 Specific interactions between CO₂ and solutes
3 Solubility measurements of CO₂-philic polymers
3.1 Cloud pressure point curve
3.2 Parallel solubility measurement
4 Applications of CO₂-philic polymers
4.1 Preparation of surfactants
4.2 Solubilizing agent
5 Prospects

The progress of in-situ FT-IR in the research of methane oxidation is reviewed. The use of in situ FT-IR technology in oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and partial oxidation of methane (POM) in recent years are introduced. The different oxygen species on OCM catalysts and the effects of experimental conditions on POM reaction mechanism are discussed. The studies of identifying and assigning unambiguous IR band are important and necessary, which will make the FT-IR technology have more wide applications.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Application of in situ FT-IR in the research of OCM reaction mechanism
3 Application of in situ FT-IR in the research of POM reaction mechanism
4 Conclusion

On-board hydrogen storage is generally recognized as the “bottleneck” in promoting the commercialization of hydrogen-powered vehicles. Development of high-performance hydrogen storage materials/technologies for on-board applications is therefore attracting intensive interest of the researchers from both energy and material fields. Recently, lithium borohydride (LiBH₄) and other related complex metal hydrides have attracted ever-increasing attention as potential high-capacity hydrogen storage media. The paper reviews the latest progresses made in improving the reversible dehydrogenation of LiBH₄ by using various methods, including material composition/reaction pathway tailoring, nanoporous scaffolds incorporation, anion/cation substitution, and catalyst doping, aiming at providing an outline of the key scientific issues and the potential solutions in developing borohydride-based hydrogen storage systems.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Fundamental physical and chemical properties of LiBH4
3 Improved dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation properties of LiBH4
3.1 reactant destabilization
3.2 nanoporous scaffolds incorporation
3.3 anion/cation substitution
3.4 catalyst modification
4 Conclusion and outlook

Hydrogen generation (HG) from catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) solution is a promising integrated technology for on-board hydrogen storage/generation. In this perspective, we present the principle of HG from NaBH₄ solution, and review the current progresses in catalysts, reaction kinetics, reaction mechanism, design of reaction generator and recycle of hydrolysis production, and then discuss some remaining problems in the development of NaBH₄-based HG system. Supported catalyst with high-activity and durability is desirable in developing the HG system for practical application. The design of hydrogen generator should focus on the utilization of reaction heat to preheat fuel, the recycle of water from the fuel cell and the technology of separation by the membrane. The highly efficient regeneration of NaBH₄ can reduce its cost, thus promoting the commercial applications of the NaBH₄-based HG system.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The current status and progress of hydrogen generation from catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution
2.1 The principle of hydrogen generation from catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution
2.2 The development of catalyst of hydrogen generation from catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution
2.3 Study of reaction kinetics of hydrogen generation from catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution
2.4 Study of reaction mechanism of hydrogen generation from catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution
2.5 Design of reaction generator of hydrogen generation from catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution
2.6 Regeneration of NaBH₄ from the hydrolysis production (NaBO₂)
3 Conclusion and outlook

Pervaporation is one of the most active areas in membrane research. It has particular advantages in separating liquid mixtures, especially removal of trace material as well as azeotropic mixture. The categories and the preparation methods of pervaporation membranes are presented. In this paper, based on three main mixture systems, separation of organics form aqueous solution, dehydration of organic solvents, separation of organic-organic mixtures, the research progress of pervaporation composite membranes is reviewed. Finally, the conditionality problems and research directions are indicated, and the advancement of further research and development about pervaporation are prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The categories and the preparation methods of pervaporation membranes
2.1 The categories of PV membranes
2.2 The preparation methods of pervaporation composite membranes
3 Composite membranes of preference organics
4 Dehydration composite membranes
5 Composite membranes of organic-organic mixtures seperation
6 Development and industrial application of persvaporation membrane technology in China
7 Existent problems and prospects

In this paper, the current progress of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) study is reviewed in the field of investigating chiral chemicals. Different QSAR methods, from two dimensions to three ones, have heterogeneous chiral descriptors to distinguish two enantiomers in the evaluation of their stereospecific process. The classical 2D-QSAR, HQSAR, chiral topological index (CTI) and CoMFA have been introduced, focusing on how to interpret the asymmetry of chiral chemicals. Furthermore, studies on the enantioselective behavior of chiral contaminants in recent decade are also presented including our available research progress. Finally, the outlook of QSAR studies on chiral environmental contaminants is proposed but with a challenge that more attention should be paid to advanced application of chiral QSAR.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Application of QSAR in the field of investigating chiral chemicals with enantiospecificity
2.1 Classical 2D-QSAR
2.2 Holographic QSAR (HQSAR)
2.3 QSAR based on chiral topological index (CTI)
2.4 Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA)
3 Research progress on chiral contaminants in environmental process
4 Available research progress
4.1 HQSAR study on chiral organophosphorus pesticide
4.2 CoMFA study on chiral organophoshporus pesticide
5 Challenge and outlook
6 Conclusion

Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a new type of photoelectric cells. The research of the flexible DSSC has become more and more important to the photovoltaic industry, which is in pursuit of low-cost production and new application. This paper introduces the latest progress in the research of flexible DSSC, including the choice of the flexible substrates and structure of DSSC. It also reviews several methods for fabrication of nano-porous TiO₂ films, such as hydrothermal crystallization, low-temperature heating, electrophoretic deposition, chemical vapor deposition, microwave irradiation, compression, as well as the new fabrication of flexible counter electrodes. At last, the development tendency and prospects of DSSC are presented.

Content
1 Introduction
2 Progress in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells
2.1 The choice of the flexible susbstrates
2.2 Fabrication of the TiO2 electrodes under low temperature
2.3 Fabrication of flexible counter electrodes
3 Prospects

Hydrogels are cross-linked functional polymers with three-dimensional networks. Preparation of hydrogels by radiation-induced polymerization has received increasing attention in recent years due to easy process control, no necessity to add any initiators, crosslinkers, etc. Traditional processes for the treatment of heavy metal-containing wastewater encounter some disadvantages such as higher operational cost or low removal efficiency. It is a new promising method for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using hydrogels. In this paper, recent advances in research on the radiation-induced synthesis of hydrogels and their application in the removal of heavy metals are reviewed including the preparation and modification of hydrogels and the performances of the adsorption of heavey metas. The perspects of this technology and the future directions are also proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Radiation-induced synthesis of hydrogels
2.1 Radiation-induced polymerization of solid polymers
2.2 Radiation-induced polymerization of aqueous solutions of polymers
2.3 Radiation treatment of monomers
2.4 Preparation of copolymer hydrogels by radiation treatment
3 Radiation-induced synthesis of hydrogels for the removal of heavy metal ions
3.1 Hydrogels based on synthetic polymers for the adsorption of heavy metals
3.2 Hydrogels based on natural polymers for the adsorption of heavy metals
3.3 Hydrogels loaded metal ions for the adsorption of heavy metals
3.4 Hydrogels loaded microorganisms for the adsorption of heavy metals
3.5 Desorption and recovery of heavy metals
4 Conclusion