Double Network Hydrogels are polymer materials composed of two interpenetrating or semi-penetrating three-dimensional networks, and their unique contrast interpenetrating network structure and adjustable network crosslinking method overcome the obstacles in mechanical properties of single-network hydrogels, and are widely used in tissue engineering, intelligent sensors, ion adsorption and other fields with their good mechanical, anti-swelling, self-healing and other mechanical properties. However, the existing technologies suffer from numerous synthesis steps, complicated preparation conditions and the use of toxic and harmful chemical cross-linking, which limit the mass production of double network hydrogels for applications. Therefore, in recent years, the modification of double network hydrogels has received more and more attention, and researchers have carried out a series of structural modification studies mainly around how to improve the mechanical properties of double network hydrogels, aiming to broaden their application in various fields. In this paper, the types of double network hydrogels are reviewed, and the preparation methods, structures and unique properties of different hydrogels are introduced in detail. The research on modification to improve mechanical properties, anti-swelling performance and self-healing properties is analyzed, aiming to break through the current limitations of double network hydrogels and provide ideas and directions for their future development.

Polyurethane, a prevalent polymer, has garnered considerable attention owing to its exceptional overall performance within various applications. However, even minor damages can significantly curtail the service life of polyurethane. Consequently, a promising approach to address this challenge involves conferring self-healing properties upon polyurethane. Among the various healing mechanisms found in self-healing polyurethane, the intrinsic driving force stands out as the most common. This mechanism entails the spontaneous re-entanglement of polyurethane molecular chains through meticulous molecular structure design, obviating the necessity for external healing agents. Intrinsic driving force encompasses reversible covalent bonds (e.g., disulfide bonds, Diels-Alder reactions, and boronic ester bonds) as well as dynamic non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, metal coordination bonds, and host-guest interactions). The polyurethane main chain can possess a single intrinsic driving force or multiple intrinsic driving forces concurrently. Nevertheless, while self-healing polyurethane alone presents advantages in terms of extending service life and reducing maintenance costs through damage repair, it still falls short of meeting the usage requirements in certain specialized applications. To further enable the versatile application of self-healing polyurethane while preserving its self-healing properties, the incorporation of new functional groups becomes an enticing prospect. These functional groups can bestow specific properties upon polyurethane, such as shape memory, degradability, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, thereby achieving functional integration within self-healing polyurethane. Importantly, these functionalized self-healing polyurethanes possess the potential to supplant traditional materials as dielectric materials, substrate materials, or encapsulation materials in the realm of flexible sensors. Consequently, they contribute to enhancing the reliability and durability of flexible sensors. Therefore, this article primarily focuses on elucidating the self-healing mechanism of self-healing polyurethane. Subsequently, it delves into the integration of functionality within self-healing polyurethane and its application within the field of flexible sensors. Lastly, based on these insights, the paper provides a glimpse into the future prospects for the development of self-healing polyurethane.

In recent years, organo-metal halide perovskites materials with ABX₃ crystal structure have shown promising application prospects in the field of photoelectric detection due to their optical and electrical properties such as adjustable bandgap engineering, high absorption coefficient and long carrier transmission distance. Especially, the hybrid perovskite prepared by pure Sn or Sn/Pb mixed cations have excellent near-infrared photoelectroresponse in the range of 760~1050 nm, showing many advantages such as high sensitivity, low dark current and high detection rate. To further broaden the near-infrared and infrared response wavelength range of perovskite, the researchers explored combining organic materials, crystalline silicon/germanium, Ⅲ-Ⅴ compounds, Ⅳ-Ⅵ compounds, upconversion fluorescent materials as complementary light absorption layers with perovskite to prepare heterostructures to construct wide-spectrum response near-infrared photodetectors. Based on the above research, this paper summarizes the current effective ways to broaden the spectrum range of perovskite photodetectors. At the same time, the future development prospect of perovskite material near infrared photodetector is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Basic indicators of photodetectors

2.1 Device structure and working principle of photodetectors

2.2 Performance parameters of photodetectors

2.3 Strategy of broadening the spectrum response range of perovskites

3 Pb perovskite for near-infrared photodetectors

3.1 Polycrystalline perovskite materials

3.2 Single crystal perovskite materials

4 Narrow band gap Sn and Sn/Pb Mixed Perovskite- Based near-infrared photodetectors

4.1 Sn-based perovskite near-infrared photodetectors

4.2 Sn/Pb mixed perovskite near-infrared photodetectors

5 Perovskite/inorganic heterojunction near-infrared photodetectors

5.1 Silicon and other classic semiconductors

5.2 Graphene

5.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides

5.4 Ⅲ-Ⅴ compounds semiconductors

5.5 Ⅳ-Ⅳ compounds semiconductors

6 Perovskite/organic heterojunction near-infrared photodetectors

7 Perovskite/upconversion material near-infrared photodetectors

8 Application of near-infrared photodetectors

9 Conclusion and outlook

The optoelectronic properties of organic luminescent materials are strongly correlated with the molecular structure, the flexibility of conformational change and the intermolecular interaction. From the perspective of structure, the carbonyl group and benzene ring of benzophenone have high chemical modifiability. In this paper, the chemical synthesis methods to produce multifunctional organic luminescent materials based on benzophenone framework in recent years are systematically reviewed, including three basic strategies: multiple substitution of benzophenone, using heteroatom as bridging group, vinyl coupling and direct coupling of benzene ring as the center. A variety of multifunctional organic luminescent materials based on this framework have been developed, including fluorescence materials, hosts of precious metal phosphorescence complex, thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials, aggregation-induced emission materials and pure organic room temperature phosphorescence materials. Finally, the development prospect of multi-functional organic luminescent materials based on benzophenone framework is prospected.

Sodium-ion batteries have attracted ever-increasing attention in the fields of low-speed electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage systems due to the advantages of abundant resources, low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. As one of the important components of sodium-ion batteries, the electrolyte is responsible for ion transfer between the cathode and the anode, which has a significant impact on cycle life, high-rate, safety, and self-discharge performance of sodium-ion batteries. However, it is difficult for sodium-ion batteries to perform well at low temperatures due to the decrease in ionic conductivity, the poor compatibility between the electrolyte and the electrode, the increase of desolvating power, and the poor properties of the electrode/electrolyte interphase. In this paper, the new understanding of the Na⁺ solvation structure in the electrolyte and the electrode/electrolyte interphase in recent years are summarized. And the design strategies of low-temperature electrolyte based on H-bond network breakdown, weak solvation, rapid reaction kinetics, and anion intervention are systematically analyzed. Finally, it is pointed out that the key to improving the low-temperature performance of sodium-ion batteries from the perspective of electrolyte is to understand the relationship between the Na⁺ solvation structure, the electrode/electrolyte interface properties, and the low-temperature performance of electrolyte.

As a kind of metal-organic framework (MOF) with high valence, titanium-based metal-organic framework (Ti-MOF) has superior chemical stability, appealing photoresponsive properties, low toxicity and so on. However, due to the high reactivity of titanium sources, it brings certain challenges to the synthesis of materials. In this paper, the research progress of Ti-MOF synthesis in recent years is reviewed, and the solvothermal synthesis, post-synthetic modification and in situ SBUs construction methods are introduced in detail. The topological types and crystal structures formed are analyzed, and the synthesis rules of Ti-MOF and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are summarized. It is pointed out that the control of the metal source and coordination environment is the most important strategy to obtain Ti-MOF, and the construction of Ti-MOF by in-situ formation of SBUs and heterometallic Ti/M-MOF are prospected.

Nanomaterial features a high surface area-to-volume ratio and strong surface effects, offering excellent performance in water treatment and broad application prospects. Incorporating nanoparticles into millimeter-scale hosts to prepare millimeter-sized nanocomposite materials can couple the high reactivity of nanoparticles with the easy operability of millimeter-scale hosts. This is an important technical approach to overcome the engineering application bottlenecks of nanomaterials, such as their tendency to agglomerate, low stability, potential environmental risks, and difficult separation. This review summarizes the preparation methods, structural characteristics, and adsorptive and catalytic oxidative removal of pollutants from aqueous systems by millimeter-sized nanocomposites. It elaborates on the confinement effects from the perspectives of confined growth of nanoparticles, confined adsorption properties, and confined catalytic oxidation properties, as well as the synergistic purification effect between the hosts and nanoparticles. Finally, the scientific issues and practical challenges that urgently need to be addressed in the development of millimeter-sized nanocomposites are discussed. We believe this review will provide theoretical guidance and technical references for promoting the practical applications of nanomaterials.

Silver nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysis, medicine, environment and other fields due to their high catalytic activity, fine biocompatibility, unique physical and chemical properties. This review first introduced the species, properties and synthetic strategy of silver nanomaterials, summarized controllable synthesis method in detail, and discussed the new achievements of machine learning in the synthesis of silver nanomaterials. Then, we reviewed the applications of silver nanomaterials in the environment such as pollutant removal, sterilization and virus inactivation, sensor and so on. Based on this, the species, controlled synthesis and environmental applications of silver nanomaterials were reviewed and prospected in this paper.

Pervaporation is a membrane separation technology with the advantages of low energy consumption and easy operation. At present, the traditional polymer pervaporation membrane still lacks in separation performance and stability. Metal-organic framework (MOF) is a crystalline porous material formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands. It has unique properties such as selective adsorption of target molecules and molecular sieving effect. In recent years, many studies have shown that the introduction of MOF as a filler into the polymer matrix to construct mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) has a good effect on its pervaporation performance. Starting from different series of MOF, this paper discusses the types of MOF suitable for pervaporation mixed matrix membrane, analyzes the preparation methods and modification strategies of MOF-polymer mixed matrix membrane, and reviews the application progress of this kind of mixed matrix membrane in pervaporation (dehydration of organic solvent, recovery of organic matter from dilute solution, separation of organic mixture). The challenges in the research of MOF-polymer mixed matrix membrane for pervaporation are summarized, and its future development is prospected.

All solid-state sodium batteries have great potential for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage applications due to the low cost of sodium, high security, and high energy density. However, the development and large-scale application of all-solid-state sodium ion batteries urgently need to solve the problems such as low ion conductivity of solid electrolyte, high charge-transfer impedance on interface, insufficient interfacial contact, and compatibility issues between electrodes and electrolytes solid electrolyte. Herein, combining the latest reports with our research findings, the research progress and development trend of β-Al₂O₃ electrolytes, NASICON electrolytes, sulfide electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, and composite electrolytes were summarized. The latest achievements in interface characteristics, the modification strategies of the interface between the electrodes and solid electrolytes and modification methods for surfaces of solid electrolytes were reviewed. Finally, the development direction of interface modification strategy for solid-state sodium ion batteries was prospected. This review have contributed to understand the interface science issues of all solid-state sodium ion batteries and provides a theoretical guidance for the development and application of solid-state sodium ion batteries.

With the widespread use of antibiotics, the problem of water pollution caused by antibiotics is becoming increasingly serious. Currently, technologies for removing antibiotic pollutants from water include physical adsorption, flocculation, and chemical oxidation. However, these processes often leave a large amount of chemical reagents and difficult-to-dispose sediment in water, making post-treatment more difficult. Photocatalytic technology uses photocatalytic materials to decompose antibiotics under light, ultimately forming non-toxic CO₂ and H₂O. Photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and free secondary pollution. In this paper, the research progress of several commonly used photocatalytic materials for degrading antibiotics is reviewed, and their future researches and applications are also prospected．

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have great advantages in terms of safety, low cost, high theoretical capacity and element abundance, which shows great potential in large-scale energy storage applications. The development of high-performance AZIBs has become a widely interesting topic recently. Although much progress has been made in AZIBs, the low energy density, poor ionic dynamics and short cycling life limit the commercialization of AZIBs. This review summarizes the challenges, recent progress and corresponding strategies for the development of cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, and energy storage mechanisms of AZIBs. It provides useful guidance for researchers in the battery area to design and develop high performance AZIBs.

In recent years, with the rapid advancement and large-scale application of lithium battery technology and electric vehicle, the market demand for lithium resource is growing sharply. However, due to insufficient mining degree and extraction technology, the total production capacity of ore lithium and brine lithium resources is far below the actual market demand. Extracting lithium from surface salt lake brine, deep brine and other liquid resources has the advantages of large resource potential and low extraction cost, which presents an important research direction in the lithium resource extraction field. Among available lithium extraction technologies, adsorption method is suitable for extracting lithium from low concentration and large volume liquid brine resources in China, and selective lithium ion adsorption materials are the core of adsorption method. In this review, we focus on the preparation and application of lithium ion selective adsorption materials for lithium extraction from brine. The preparation methods, adsorption properties and adsorption mechanisms of organic (crown ether), inorganic (aluminum-, manganese- and titanium-based adsorbents) and composite selective lithium adsorption materials are reviewed. This review provides a brief prospect for the design and development of new lithium adsorption materials, which may push forward the efficient extraction and utilization of lithium resources from salt lake brine.

Enzymes are considered as natural biocatalysts, which catalyze many biochemical reactions with good catalytic efficiency, biocompatibility, and substrate specificity. The intrinsic limitations of natural enzymes such as low stability, high cost, and storage difficulty have led to the introduction of artificial enzymes that imitate the activity of natural enzymes. With the rapid development of nanomaterials in the recent decade, novel enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials (nanozymes) have attracted considerable attention from researchers. Nanozymes are defined as a class of artificial nanomaterials possessing intrinsic enzymes-like activities, which have the advantages of simple preparation processes, low cost and some environmental tolerance. However, most of them are limited by their low activity and relatively poor stability, leading to many difficulties in the application of biochemical analysis. Among them, metal-organic framework nanozymes (MOFs) have demonstrated a wide range of uses because of their evident favorable circumstances, including the large surface area and porosity for functionalization, uniform active sites, high catalytic activity and stability, simple and controllable synthesis and low cost. In this review, we provide a summary of the clinical detection application of MOFs in nucleic acid, protein and small molecules based on their different activity classification (peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and hydrolase). Finally, we look forward to the opportunities and challenges that MOFs will face in clinical detection, promoting their clinical application transformation.

Due to the excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility, high reactive oxygen species yield and excellent photothermal conversion ability, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials show great potential applications in the fields of photodynamic and photothermal therapy. However, traditional fluorescent materials need light with short wavelength for emission, which has the problem of poor tissue penetration, and further restricts the clinical application. To overcome the problem, AIE materials with emission in the range of second near-infrared (NIR-Ⅱ) emission are employed, which promotes the feasibility of the clinical application. This review summarizes the application of NIR-Ⅱ AIEgens with donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) and donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure in photodynamic-photothermal dual-mode synergistic therapy.

Chitosan has great potential in the fields of materials science and biomedicine because of its advantages such as coagulation, antibacterial, biocompatibility and biodegradation. This paper introduces the coagulation and bacteriostatic mechanism of chitosan, and lists the research progress of new dressings based on chitosan. According to the different morphology, the new dressings can be divided into the following types: fabric dressings based on chitosan, hydrogel dressings based on chitosan, spongy dressings based on chitosan, hydrocolloid dressings based on chitosan, asymmetric wettable dressings based on chitosan and frozen gel dressings based on chitosan. The experimental results of the new dressings based on chitosan in terms of antibacterial properties, in vitro coagulation properties, waterproof properties, breathable properties and mechanical properties were summarized. The application of new dressings based on chitosan in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, burn wound, inferior vena cava injury and endoscopic sinus surgery was summarized in detail. Finally, based on some problems existing in the new dressings based on chitosan (for example, the preparation process is greatly affected by the external environment conditions, some working mechanism of chitosan is still in the preliminary stage), the future development of the new dressings and their application are prospected.

The non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method has significant advantages including easy processing and tailorable membrane structure in the preparation of nanofiltration membranes with high-flux and selectivity. Increasing attention has been drawn from the membrane field to further improve the precise separation and permeability of the membrane. In this review, the effects of the thermodynamics and kinetics on the membrane structure and properties during the NIPS process are systematically described, and the research progress is summarized to illustrate how the polymeric membrane materials including polysulfone and polyethersulfone affect the membrane structure and separation performance. Furthermore, the characteristics of amphiphilic block copolymer materials and their outstanding advantages in the fabrication of high-flux nanofiltration membranes are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the potential research focus is proposed to inspire the membrane community to develop high-performance nanofiltration membranes via NIPS in the future.

The research of high-performance electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (WAM) is of great significance to enhance the stealth performance of weapons and equipment and solve the electromagnetic pollution problem. Silicon carbide (SiC) materials have good resistance to high temperature, corrosion and chemical stability, and show good application prospects in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. However, the intrinsic properties of SiC materials are weak, and how to improve their wave-absorbing properties is an important research topic. Based on the electromagnetic wave-absorbing mechanism of SiC materials, firstly, the research status of SiC-based WAM with different morphologies (core-shell structure, aerogel structure, fibrous structure, hollow structure, MOFs structure, etc.) is analyzed and summarized. In addition, the research progress of composites of SiC with silicon carbide fibres, carbon materials and magnetic substances in the field of wave absorption is introduced in detail. The development status of special types of SiC-based WAM (SiC-based high-temperature WAM, SiC-based wave absorbing metamaterials, and SiC-based multifunctional WAM) is also reviewed. Finally, the future development direction of SiC-based WAM is prospected.

The development of innovative catalysts for various electrochemical scenarios is crucial in satisfying the growing demands for sustainable energy and environmental conservation. Conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) based on phthalocyanine complexes known as phthalocyanine-based c-MOFs, have shown promising potential in electrochemical energy conversion and environmental research. These c-MOFs represent a new category of layer-stacked porous MOFs with in-plane extended π-conjugation structure, which can enhance electrocatalytic activity by facilitating the mass diffusion of reactants and electron/charge transfer. The exceptional promising for a variety electrocatalytic reactions, such as water, oxygen, CO₂, and nitrogen conversion. In this work, we focus primarily on phthalocyanine-based c-MOFs rather than other types of c-MOFs, providing a comprehensive overview of their conductive mechanisms and main electrocatalytic reactions. We also cover recent progress in the utilization of phthalocyanine-based c-MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts in electrocatalysis. Furthermore, we explore the challenges related to the utilization of phthalocyanine-based c-MOFs in electrocatalysis. The state-of-the-art research and insights into the future perspectives of phthalocyanine-based c-MOFs as electrocatalysts are also presented and discussed. This work aim to guide the development of phthalocyanine-based c-MOF electrocatalysts with enhanced activity.

In the 100 years since the birth of modern polymer science, polymer chemistry, polymer physics and polymer processing have developed rapidly and formed a more complete body of discipline. As an important part of polymer physics, polymer crystallography focuses on the microscopic crystallization process and reveals the unique behavior of polymer chains. Polymer crystals can be divided into single crystals and polycrystals according to the number of nuclei in an independence structure. Among them, polymer single crystals have closely arranged molecular chains and exhibit perfect geometrical symmetry in macroscopic morphology, with excellent mechanical and optoelectronic properties. However, due to the complexity of molecular chain movement, the formation of polymer single crystals is still very difficult. For decades, a large number of scientists have devoted themselves to the study of polymer single crystals and obtained abundant results. In this paper, we focus on the history and progress of polymer single crystal research, and carefully discuss the crystallization strategies of polymer single crystals and their functionalization applications, hoping to provide effective help to relevant researchers.