Nucleic acid testing is the gold standard and technological cornerstone for the modern diagnosis of pathogenic infections. As a deployable public health surveillance technology， Point-of-Care Testing （POCT） has demonstrated significant value in infectious disease prevention and control， personalized precision medicine， and medical scenarios with limited resources. POCT technology can rapidly provide diagnostic information， significantly improve patient outcomes， and optimize the allocation of medical resources. As an emerging technology， microfluidic chips have become a key component in POCT due to their low reagent consumption， high integration， and automation. By integrating laboratory functions onto a single chip， microfluidic devices have achieved full-process automation of sample processing， signal amplification， and detection， greatly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of testing. Moreover， when combined with isothermal amplification techniques （such as LAMP） and CRISPR-Cas technology， microfluidic chips can rapidly and sensitively detect pathogens， making them suitable for on-site screening of various infectious diseases. Currently， POCT devices based on microfluidic chips have been successfully applied in the detection of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2， demonstrating the advantages of speed， portability， and high sensitivity. This review aims to summarize the development of nucleic acid detection and the research progress on the combination of CRISPR-Cas technology and microfluidic chips to explore their current applications and future prospects for POCT.

Organic semiconductors have exhibited not only excellent optoelectronic properties， but also many unique advantages such as lightweight， flexibility， easy processability， and low cost. In recent years， the introduction of the 'spin' as a new degree of freedom into organic semiconductors expands the research of organic optoelectronic effects and material studies into new dimensions， providing novel approaches for developing new materials， regulating new functionalities， and designing innovative devices. This article systematically reviews recent progress in spin-related research of organic semiconductors， thoroughly exploring the injection， transport， and relaxation mechanisms of spin-polarized electrons. It introduces various organic spintronic devices and their underlying physical principles， comprehensively summarizes different types of organic spin-semiconductor materials including small molecules， polymers， exciplexes， and organic/inorganic hybrids， along with their applications in devices such as spin valves， spin light-emitting diodes， spin photovoltaic devices， and spin field-effect transistors. Finally， we provide perspectives on future development directions in organic spintronics， aiming to offer valuable references for subsequent in-depth research in this perspective investigation field.

Carbon dioxide corrosion is one of the most common corrosion types of steel materials in the exploitation of oil and gas fields. Surprisingly， the corrosion caused by carbonic acid at the same pH is even more severe than hydrochloric acid， which has become an important factor limiting the development of the oil and gas industry. The use of corrosion inhibitors is the most economical and effective method to control CO₂ corrosion. With the development of oil and gas drilling operations to deeper wells， CO₂ corrosion under high temperature and pressure environment becomes increasingly prominent. This paper introduces the mechanism of high-temperature CO₂ corrosion of carbon steel. The paper reviews the domestic and foreign research on corrosion inhibitors for high temperature CO₂ and high S environment， mainly including imidazolines， quaternary ammonium salts， natural extracts and other corrosion inhibitors and analyzes corresponding characteristics. Finally， the future development direction of high temperature CO₂ inhibitor was prospected.

Effective representation of chemical molecules is the key to promoting chemical informatics and new material research and development. In recent years， data-driven molecular representation technology has been developed. Compared with traditional manually designed descriptors and graph structure analysis methods， it can effectively avoid noise and information redundancy， and provide support for efficient and accurate property prediction. Embedding representation has the characteristics of efficient information compression， data representation enhancement and semantic retention， and has been widely used in fields such as deep learning and data mining. Inspired by word embeddings in the field of natural language processing， researchers began to explore the application of similar methods to the construction of the latent space of chemical molecules， and proposed a variety of embedding methods for molecular property prediction and molecular structure generation. This review first elucidates the principles of general embedding technology in machine learning， and then sequentially discusses chemical element latent space representation methods and chemical molecule latent space embedding techniques. By examining the innovative applications of related technologies in natural language processing and graph embedding to molecular embeddings， the review reveals that current molecular embedding methods are gradually evolving towards multimodality， self-supervised learning， and dynamic modeling， and it outlines prospects for future research trends.

The pursuit of green and sustainable development has become a global consensus， also prompting the vigorous exploration of novel electrode materials within the realm of battery technology. As a result， organic electrode materials have garnered widespread attention. Compared to traditional electrode materials， organic electrode materials offer advantages such as high structural flexibility， tunable electrical properties， and being environmentally friendly and low-cost. These benefits make them versatile in battery applications. However， during the application process， issues such as the molecular structure and conjugated system of the material can lead to difficulties in electron transport， resulting in poor conductivity. Additionally， due to their chemical structure and polarity， many organic electrode materials have high solubility in electrolytes， causing loss of active material and leading to poor cycling stability and capacity fade in batteries. Therefore， it is necessary to modify the molecular structure design of the material. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the development of organic electrode materials in the field of batteries. Comparing them with inorganic electrode materials， it reveals their unique application advantages. It also elaborates on the electrochemical mechanisms of different types of organic electrode materials and explores in detail the applications of various organic electrode materials in different metal-ion batteries and the further improvement measures. The review focuses on modifying various organic electrode materials， such as carbonyl compounds， organic sulfides， and organic radicals， for their applications in metal-ion batteries. This is achieved through perspectives like molecular design， polymerization， compositing with different materials， and regulating micro/nanostructures. These modifications aim to enhance conductivity and cycling stability， thereby realizing the long-life development of batteries. Finally， the review looks forward to the future development of organic electrode materials， hoping that by summarizing different modification measures and controlling various optimization methods， electrode materials with higher performance and fewer defects can be developed. It is believed that through continuous summarization and improvement， organic electrode materials can achieve higher performance upgrades， make greater breakthroughs in future applications， reach more diverse application levels， and contribute to green and sustainable development.

The slippery liquid-infused porous surface （SLIPS）， owing to its unique liquid-repellent properties， has been widely applied in diverse fields such as anti-fouling， anti-corrosion， de-icing and droplet manipulation. However， the SLIPS tend to experience lubricant depletion when subjected to external mechanical abrasion， consequently diminishing or even completely losing their liquid-repellent properties. In light of this， this paper begins by exploring the three foundational principles of SLIPS design， and clarifies the guiding role these theories in the design process. Five critical requirements for fabricating durable SLIPS are also systematically summarized. Furthermore， by integrating global research progress， three strategies to enhance the durability of SLIPS are distilled. These strategies involve optimizing the rough structure to improve mechanical stability， anchoring lubricants through covalent grafting techniques to ensure long-term lubrication， and establishing lubricant replenishment mechanisms to sustain the durability of lubricating layer. A concise evaluation of their respective advantages and limitations is also provided. Finally， based on the bottlenecks of these strategies， key challenges in improving the mechanical durability of SLIPS are identified. Then， the future research directions are proposed， including optimizing nano-rough substrate design， expanding the functionalization of polymer molecular brushes， developing green and environmentally friendly lubricants， and enhancing SLIPS durability through multidimensional engineering approaches. In short， this paper aims to provide a new idea and way for the further study and application of SLIPS.

Single-atom catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic performance in CO low-temperature oxidation reactions due to their extremely high atom utilization and tunable high active sites. Among them， carriers are crucial， which not only provide stable anchoring sites for single atoms to prevent atomic agglomeration and thus improve metal dispersion and segregation， but also change the interfacial electronic structure through metal-carrier interactions， which in turn affects the activity， selectivity， and stability of the catalysts. In this paper， we review the research progress of nickel group metals anchored on different carriers in recent years， including carbon， metal oxide and （non）metal framework materials， discuss the promotion mechanism of the catalysts for the low-temperature catalytic oxidation of CO as well as the influencing factors of the process， and summarize the four enhancement strategies to improve the catalytic activity by introducing heteroatoms， optimizing the interfacial structure， constructing defects， and constructing spatially confined domains， and finally， we give an insight into the development prospects of the nickel Finally， the development prospect of nickel single-atom catalysts is discussed.

As a new generation of biomimetic enzyme catalytic materials， carbon-based nano-mimetic enzymes （CNEs） demonstrate significant value in the fields of sample analysis， environmental remediation and biomedicine， which is due to their multi-enzyme activity characteristics， such as peroxidase/oxidase. Compared with natural enzymes， CNEs exhibit advantages such as facile preparation， low cost， excellent stability， and， more importantly， the tailorable catalytic activity through structural modulation. These merits make them a promising next-generation alternative to the enzyme. Based on recent research progress over the past five years， this review summarizes the relationship between structural and catalytic activity from CNEs and elucidates the regulatory mechanism of their active site distribution and electronic structure on catalytic performance. It also discussed the strategies of heteroatom doping， secondary chemical modification， and environmental optimization factors for the influence on CNEs’ enzyme activity， and pointed out the effective enhancement approaches among them. Moreover， the application cases of enzyme-targeted therapy and preventive intervention in disease are reviewed. At the end of this paper， the future research prospect of new structural design and intelligent response system construction of CNEs is proposed， aiming to expand the application boundary of CNEs in the field of precision medicine and public health， and provide innovative ideas and strategies for solving global health problems. Finally， prospects for CNEs are proposed， focusing on novel structural designs and intelligent responsive system development. Hopefully， we can expand CNEs’ applications in precision medicine and public health domains， thereby providing innovative solutions for addressing global health challenges.

D-A-D molecule refers to a class of conjugated structure molecules composed of an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The NIR two-region fluorescence imaging dominated by such molecules has the advantages of good penetration effect and high imaging clarity. It has high application potential in clinical diagnosis. However， such molecules usually contain conjugated benzene ring structures. This means that the water solubility of these molecules is not good， which greatly limits the wider application of NIR-Ⅱregion fluorescence imaging. In recent years， D-A-D molecules have usually been modified to improve their water solubility. This review introduces four methods to improve water solubility by end-modified hydrophilic polyethylene glycol， modified other hydrophilic polymer chains， modified by protein or peptide， and end-ionized modification. The design methods and related applications of water-soluble D-A-D molecules are introduced in detail. Finally， the further development of water-soluble D-A-D small molecules in the field of NIR-Ⅱ region fluorescence imaging is prospect.

The extensive use of chemical fertilizers and other industrial and agricultural chemicals has led to the discharge of excessive nitrate wastewater into nature， posing a serious threat to the environment and human health. Photocatalytic nitrate reduction technology is considered to be a promising， harmless treatment method for nitrate due to its high efficiency， low energy consumption and wide applicability. In this paper， the mechanism and main products of nitrate reduction in photocatalytic water are described in detail. The commonly used photocatalyst types are systematically reviewed， and the influencing factors in the photocatalytic process are introduced. In addition， the main challenges faced by photocatalytic nitrate reduction technology are comprehensively analyzed， and its future development prospects are discussed and prospected.