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With the rapid development of current society and economy, as well as the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, the complexity and seriousness of environmental pollution issues are becoming increasingly apparent. Beyond traditional pollutants, the appearance of emerging pollutants on a global scale has brought new challenges to environment and public health. China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” and medium and long-term planning put forward “emerging pollutant control”, report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also explicitly requested “carry out emerging pollutant control”. In 2022, General Office of the State Council issued “Action Plan for Emerging Pollutant Control”, followed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and various provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, which released corresponding implementation plans, China has transferred to a new phase of environmental protection that balances the control of both traditional and emerging pollutants. However, management of emerging pollutants is a long-term, dynamic and complex systematic project, which urgently needs to strengthen top-level design as well as scientific and technological support. Conducting systematic research on emerging pollutants not only provides effective scientific guidance for their control and improves the level of environmental quality management, but also assists our country in fulfilling international conventions, enhances the discourse power in global environmental governance, ensures our country environmental security, food security, international trade security, etc., and is of great significance for realizing sustainable development. This review aims to comprehensively explore various aspects of emerging pollutants, including their types and characteristics, production, use and emission, identification and detection, environmental occurrence, migration and transformation, ecotoxicological effects, human exposure, health risks, and management strategies. Furthermore, it looks forward to the future research direction, with a view to providing a scientific basis and decision-making support for control of emerging pollutants in China.
1 Concepts, types and characteristics of emerging pollutants
1.1 Definition and basic characteristics of emerging pollutants
1.2 Typical emerging pollutants
1.3 Scientific problems faced in the study of emerging pollutants
2 Production, use and emission of emerging pollutants
2.1 Production, use and emission of POPs
2.2 Production, use and release of antibiotics
2.3 Production, use and release of endocrine disruptors
3 Identification and characterization of emerging pollutants
3.1 Non-targeted analytical techniques for identification and characterization of emerging pollutants
3.2 Data analysis techniques for identification and characterization of emerging pollutants
3.3 Application of technologies for identification and characterization of emerging pollutants
3.4 Outlook
4 Environmental level and distribution characteristics
4.1 Regional distribution characteristics of emerging pollutants
4.2 Characteristics of emerging pollutants in environmental media
4.3 Bioconcentration and accumulation of emerging pollutants
5 Environmental transport and transformation of emerging pollutants, source and sink mechanisms
5.1 Multi-media process of emerging pollutants in the water environment and return tendency
5.2 Transport and transformation of emerging pollutants in soil-plant system
5.3 Atmospheric processes of emerging pollutants
5.4 Numerical modeling of regional environmental fate of emerging pollutants
6 Ecotoxicological effects of emerging pollutants
6.1 Ecotoxicology of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds
6.2 Ecotoxicology of organophosphates
6.3 Integrated exposure assessment of novel nicotinic pesticides in honey crops
6.4 Ecotoxicology of PPCP-like contaminants
7 Human exposure and health risks of emerging pollutants
7.1 Human health risk-oriented screening of environmental contaminants
7.2 ADME processes and conformational relationships of emerging pollutants in humans
7.3 Environmental health risks of emerging pollutants
8 Management of emerging pollutants
8.1 Difficulties in the management of emerging pollutants
8.2 New pollutant management technologies
8.3 China's emerging pollutants environmental management policy
8.4 International experience in environmental management of emerging pollutants
8.5 Problems and suggestions of China's environmental management of emerging pollutants
9 Key scientific issues and prospects
9.1 Lack of emerging pollutants' bottom line
9.2 Environmental and ecotoxicological toxicological effects of low-dose prolonged exposure
9.3 Compound effects of emerging pollutants and histologic study of human exposure
9.4 Strategies for control and green development of high-risk chemicals
9.5 Construction of machine learning-based database for environmental samples and human exposure
9.6 Capacity building of scientific and technological support for emerging pollutants control actions in China
9.7 Coordinated development of ecological and environmental monitoring capability, fine support of emerging pollutant management, and construction of targeted new pollutant risk prevention and pollution prevention system
