In recent years， a series of organic room temperature phosphorescence materials with circular polarization luminescence have been constructed by combining （circularly polarized room temperature phosphorescence， CPRTP）materials with reasonable molecular design. The luminescence principle of CPRTP materials is consistent with the luminescence of organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials， and is accompanied by the property of circularly polarized luminescence. This kind of material not only retains the advantage of low energy loss in circular polarization luminescence， but also greatly expands the application of organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials in the fields of anti-counterfeiting encryption and afterglow display. In this paper based on the luminescence mechanism and molecular strategy of CPRTP materials， the structural design strategy of CPRTP materials is summarized. Finally， the existing problems of CPRTP materials are discussed， and the future development prospects and challenges are prospected.

The covalent organic framework colloid （COF Colloids） embodies not only the inherent traits of a controllable COF structure， adjustable pore size， and ordered crystalline structure， but also capitalizes on the versatility inherent in colloids for dispersion， molding， functionalization and assembly. In recent years， COF colloids have garnered substantial interest among researchers owing to their exceptional solution processability and stability. This paper delves into the formation mechanism of COF colloids， categorizing their preparation methods into two classifications： top-down and bottom-up. It also provides a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations associated with these two synthesis strategies. Moreover， this review summarize the diverse applications of COF colloids in photocatalysis， devices， gas separation， and biomedicine， while also addressing the challenges by COF colloids and envisioning their future developmental trajectory.

Covalent organic frameworks （COFs）， as a new class of functional organic materials， have attracted extensive attention since they were first proposed in 2005. In recent years， the application in biology is particularly prominent. Porphyrin-based COFs exhibit excellent advantages， such as high crystallinity， high porosity， flexible design， easy to surface modification and so on. These remarkable features enable them to serve as carriers of various therapeutic agents for drug delivery. Due to their special structure， such as the extended conjugate structure and the strong π-π packing interaction， porphyrin-based COFs exhibit a strong absorption effect in the visible region， have excellent thermal stability and chemical stability. In addition， they can be used as photosensitizers， so they have wide application potential in tumor therapy. This article focuses on the research progress of monotherapy and combination therapy based on porphyrin-based COFs for tumor. Finally， the challenges and prospects of their preparation and application in tumor therapy are discussed.

With the continuous advancements in materials science and membrane separation technology， two-dimensional （2D） materials have demonstrated significant potential in the fabrication of novel separation membranes. The ultra-thin thickness of 2D materials facilitates the reduction of mass transfer resistance， thereby enhancing permeability. Furthermore， the in-plane or interlayer channels of 2D materials can be engineered to precise dimensions for accurate size sieving. When utilized in separation membranes， these characteristics enable simultaneously high mass transfer efficiency and separation capability. This review introduces various 2D materials suitable for separation membrane fabrication and outlines three primary membrane preparation strategies. The resultant membranes exhibit excellent performance in water treatment， organic solvent separation， and gas separation. The formation of pores in 2D material-based membranes， which includes interlayer and in-plane mass transfer channels， is discussed as a critical factor in membrane performance. Finally， the paper summarizes current challenges and research hotspots in this field， while outlining key research directions for the near future.

With the rapid development of the economy and society， various types of new chemicals are constantly emerging， and have been widely applied in daily life and work， including medical devices， metal jewelry， beauty and personal care products， and smart wearable products. However， the adverse skin reactions caused by contact with these daily products seriously threaten human health and reduce the quality of life of patients. Therefore， it is of great significance to evaluate the adverse skin reactions of daily necessities and their ingredients. These evaluations aid in identifying potentially hazardous chemicals， and guiding the effective management of the product manufacturing. Traditional methods for evaluating adverse skin reactions have relied heavily on animal experiments. But in light of concerns regarding animal welfare and the need for improving test throughput and prediction efficacy of methods， great efforts have been made to develop various in vivo and in vitro alternative methods. Against this backdrop， the mechanisms of adverse skin reactions， especially for skin irritation/corrosion， atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis， and their evaluation methods were summarized in this review， based on a large number of studies published in recent years. Finally， the shortcomings and perspectives of research in this field are prospected.

Zero-valent iron （ZVI） and its surface-modified materials have been widely used for the removal of various pollutants due to their excellent reduction properties. The three recognized potential reduction pathways of ZVI include direct electron transfer reduction， Fe（II） reduction， and atomic hydrogen reduction. Due to varying interpretations among researchers regarding the three reduction pathways and the diverse methods employed to detect them， recent studies have yielded differing conclusions on several critical aspects， including： （1） the dominant reduction pathway for pristine ZVI materials； （2） the impact of sulfur modification on the generation or recombination of atomic hydrogen； （3） the role of carbon modification in enhancing the reduction performance of ZVI through accelerated direct electron transfer or atomic hydrogen production； （4） and the underlying mechanisms by which different transition metal modifications influence the dominant reduction pathways of ZVI， among others. These discrepancies have sparked debates concerning the predominant reduction pathways involved in the removal of pollutants by ZVI and its surface-modified materials. This review systematically summarizes the following points： （1） the structure and modification principles of ZVI and its surface-modified materials； （2） the mechanisms and detection methods of the three reduction pathways in ZVI reduction systems； （3） the influence of different surface modification techniques （sulfur modification， carbon material modification， and transition metal modification） on the reduction pathways and the existing controversies； （4） the interference of environmental conditions （pH， coexisting ions， and natural organic matter） on the reduction pathways. Based on the reduction pathways， the review also presents prospects for future research directions， with the aim of addressing some of the current uncertainties in reduction pathway research and promoting a unified understanding of ZVI reduction pathways， thereby advancing scientific research and development in ZVI and its surface-modified materials.

Compared with short-lived radicals， environmentally persistent free radicals （EPFRs） can exist in the environment for a long time and have long-distance migration ability. They mainly derive from vehicle emissions， industry emissions and biomass combustion. They are usually generated on the surface of particles. EPFRs exist widely in various environmental media like atmospheric particulate matters （PMs）. Because the composition， source and formation mechanism of PMs varies in different regions， different seasons and different particle sizes， the characteristics of EPFRs are also different. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance （EPR） is an effective method to determine EPFRs in PMs. EPFRs on PMs can induce reactive oxygen species （ROS）， cause oxidative stress in the cell and oxidative DNA damage. However， the assessment of their health risks is not perfect yet. Concentrated on the EPFRs in PMs， this paper summarized the occurrence characteristics of EPFRs in PMs in different regions， different seasons and different particle sizes， analyzed its source and generation mechanism， compared the advantages and disadvantages of existing determination methods， and discussed its health risk and related evaluation models. The related research work in the future is also prospected.

EPFRs in PMs mainly derive from the vehicle emission， industry emission and biomass combustion. Typically， EPFRs form through electron transfer from organic compounds to transition metals during thermal processes， they are generated on the surface of the PMs. Transition metals and transition metal oxides can promote the formation of EPFRs. The characteristics of EPFRs in PMs varies in different regions， different seasons and different particle sizes. EPR is the most effective method to determine EPFRs in PMs. EPFRs can induce health risk and the equivalent cigarette model usually used to assess the exposure dose. However， the assessment of their health risk is not perfect yet.

With the continuous improvement of environmental monitoring requirements， the application of new materials has attracted much attention. Covalent organic framework （COF） materials have a series of remarkable advantages， such as structural design， large specific surface area， high porosity and good chemical stability， and show great potential in the key field of environmental monitoring. This paper focuses on the analysis and application of COF materials in the field of environmental monitoring. The unique advantages of COF in the treatment and detection of heavy metal ions， organic pollutants and gas pollutants are described in detail， and the application examples and effects of COF combined with modern analysis and detection techniques and tools are analyzed. It can make full use of its structural characteristics to achieve high efficiency enrichment or adsorption of target pollutants in complex environmental samples， so as to simplify the accurate detection process of modern analytical instruments such as high performance liquid chromatography， gas chromatography， mass spectrometry， and improve the detection sensitivity and reduce the detection limit. In addition， the application examples and effectiveness of these analytical tools， such as electrochemical sensors， fluorescence sensors， indicator enhanced Raman spectroscopy， colorimetry and gas sensors， in the detection of common environmental pollutants are also discussed. At the same time， some limitations of COF materials in practical applications are also clearly pointed out. Finally， the future development direction and prospect are prospected， and some thoughts and suggestions are provided for its further development in the field of environmental detection.

In recent years， novel 2D materials such as MXene have demonstrated considerable promise for thermoelectric applications， owing to their excellent conductivity， excellent mechanical flexibility， and good environmental stability. However， the metallic behaviour exhibited by the charge carrier transport of MXene hinders the Seebeck effect， thus limiting effect of the strong coupling between the Seebeck coefficient and the conductivity. Due to their special electrical， thermal， and structural properties at the micro/nano scale， low-dimensional materials are expected to be compounded with MXene and their thermoelectric properties can be regulated. In this review， we summarize the research progress of MXene and other low-dimensional materials to improve its thermoelectric properties， focusing on the combination of one-dimensional materials， two-dimensional materials and MXene. Then， a summary and analysis were conducted on the optimization and regulation of key thermoelectric performance indicators including electrical conductivity， thermal conductivity， and Seebeck coefficient. The subsequent research direction of the thermoelectric properties of MXene materials is proposed， and this is based on three aspects： application of flexible wearable electronic devices， material design combined with artificial intelligence， and optimization of material synthesis and integration technologies.

A unidirectional moisture transport material is a specialized type of material designed to transport moisture from one side to the other while simultaneously preventing moisture from moving in the opposite direction. Among these innovative materials， pore-gradient unidirectional moisture transport materials stand out as particularly significant. These advanced materials achieve unidirectional water transport through a carefully engineered gradient of pore sizes within the material， a process driven by the Laplace pressure. Such materials are not only eco-friendly and stable but also operate without requiring any external energy input， making them highly applicable and valuable in fields such as directional water collection， liquid transport， and oil-water separation. This paper first introduces a detailed classification of the various unidirectional moisture transport mechanisms and explains the underlying theoretical mechanisms from an energy perspective. It then reviews and analyzes the different types of pore-gradient materials. Finally， the paper discusses both the current and future applications of unidirectional moisture transport materials， along with a comprehensive analysis of their limitations and potential development directions.