Nowadays stretchable electronic devices have become a hot research topic in the field of information electronics because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. As the high-speed electron transmission channel in stretching electronic devices， stretchable conductive materials play a crucial role in realizing the functions of stretching electronic devices. Liquid metal has become a hot research object in the field of stretchable conductive composites in recent years because of its intrinsic flexibility and excellent conductivity. Liquid metal is a room temperature liquid conductive material， which exhibits excellent stretchability and tunability due to its inherent high conductivity， fluidity， and ductility. Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites preparation and patterning techniques have been reported and many stretchable devices with excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties have been prepared. In view of the general structural characteristics of liquid metal-based stretchable composites， the key to the preparation is how to solve the interfacial non-impregnation problem caused by the physical property differences between different materials. Therefore， starting from the common types of composites， this paper firstly briefly introduces the components and physical properties of liquid metals generally used， as well as the stretchable polymer matrix materials usually employed. Then， the composite methods of conductive materials and elastomer materials in liquid metal-based electrodes are reviewed from the two ways of "passive" and "active" to deal with the problem of non-wetting at the interface， as well as the blending and dispersion method and the new modification method. Finally， the latest research progress is introduced， and the current status of liquid metal research is summarized. Future development and potential problems to be faced are also discussed.

Plastic products represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have become an important part of modern life and global economy. In order to solve the resource waste and environmental problems caused by PET waste and to realize high-value recycling of materials, there is an urgent need to explore low-cost green and efficient conversion and recycling methods. Chemical depolymerization can deal with low-value, mixed, and contaminated plastics, recover polymer monomers through different chemical reactions or chemically upgrade and recycle to produce new high value-added products, realizing the closed-loop recycling of plastic waste and high value-added applications, which is a key way to establish a circular polymer economy. This paper reviews the latest research progress of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste, analyzes the problems of chemical depolymerization technology of PET waste, and looks forward to the future development trend of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste.

Due to the rapid growth in the number of vehicles and freight transport, tire wear particles (TWPs), generated from the friction between tires and road surfaces, have become the main source of microplastics in the environment. TWPs are widely detected in various environmental media, including soil, surface water, and sediments. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of the environmental interfacial processes of TWPs is of great significance for the control of microplastic pollution. In this paper, we first summarized recent progress in the interfacial chemical processes of TWPs, including the transport behavior, environmental transformation, release of toxic additives, and the adsorption of co-existing pollutants on TWPs. We then addressed some existing issues in current research and proposed future directions toward a better understanding of the environmental behavior and potential environmental risks of TWPs.

This review highlights the advantages and research advancements of Raman spectroscopy in detecting micro- and nanoplastics in the environment. With the worsening issue of microplastic pollution, particularly its widespread presence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a non-destructive, high-resolution analytical technique widely employed for identifying and quantitatively analyzing micro- and nanoplastics. This is attributed to its unique spectral characteristics and reduced susceptibility to water interference compared to infrared spectroscopy. The strengths of Raman spectroscopy in detecting micro- and nanoplastics lie in its high spatial resolution, broad spectral range, and exceptional sensitivity. However, challenges such as fluorescence interference and low signal-to-noise ratios persist in the detection process. To enhance Raman signals, researchers have introduced various approaches, including sample pretreatment, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, this paper underscores the necessity of building a comprehensive Raman spectroscopy database to boost detection accuracy and efficiency. Future research directions include developing more effective preprocessing methods, dynamically monitoring the behavior of micro- and nanoplastics, and integrating intelligent detection systems.

As an important family of synthetic polymers， poly（meth）acrylates have a wide range of applications in the fields of coatings， adhesives， biomedines， electronic and electrical materials. However， the （meth）acrylates monomers are mainly derived from petrochemical resources.Transformations of biomass into （meth）acrylate monomers and polymers have attracted growing research interest from the viewpoint of sustainability. The bio-based poly（meth）acrylates not only serve as the supplement for the fossil based product but also provide great chance for the development of value-added high performance materials with designed novel structures. This article highlights the recent progress in the synthesis and polymerization of bio-based （meth）acrylates. The lignin， terpene， plant oil， glucose， isosorbide， and furan derivatives as the biomass feedstock are respectively reviewed in consecutive order. The properties and applications of the corresponding bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are summarized. Moreover， the challenges and opportunities of bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are also discussed.

Due to the highly stable chemical properties of plastics, plastic wastes disposed into environments are difficult to degrade and can only be broken down into microplastics with smaller particle size and larger surface area through the weathering process. Microplastic pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental issues. There is an urgent need to reduce microplastic pollution in order to protect the ecological and human health. Biodegradation of microplastics can ultimately convert microplastics into environmentally friendly substances such as biomass, CO₂, CH₄ and H₂O or other valuable intermediates. It is thus an environmentally friendly technology to potentially make microplastics harmless and resourceful. This paper reviews the present understanding of microplastics biodegradation processes, the influencing factors, the microbial and enzymatic resources for microplastics degradation, and the up-to-date approaches for mining plastics-degrading microbial resources. It finally provides perspectives on the challenges of current research and the direction of future research on microplastic biodegradation.

Compared to lithium-ion batteries，sodium-ion batteries have greater advantages in terms of resources，cost，safety，power performance，low-temperature performance，and so on. However，the energy density of sodium-ion batteries is relatively low. To explore broader application prospects，the development of high-specific energy sodium batteries has become a research hotspot in both academia and industry. The anode is considered the key bottleneck constraining the development of the sodium battery industry due to limitations such as the inability of graphite to serve as sodium anodes and the high cost，low Coulombic efficiency，and poor kinetics of mainstream hard carbon materials. In recent years，anode-free sodium batteries （AFSBs） have garnered widespread attention due to their advantages in energy density，process safety，and overall battery cost. However，AFSBs generally show rapid capacity loss due to the rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase （SEI） layer，increased chemical side reactions，serious dendrite growth and the formation of dead sodium. As the AFSBs operate，active sodium is continuously consumed without additional metallic sodium to replenish it，leading to poor cycling performance and failure of AFSBs. These issues can be attributed to the following characteristics： the high reactivity of sodium，non-uniform nucleation and huge volume expansion. To elucidate the strategies for promoting dendrite-free growth on the anode side of AFSBs，this review focuses on the current collector-sodium interface and sodium-electrolyte interface，including the design of sodiophilic coatings，porous skeleton structure to regulate the sodium nucleation process，and the construction of robust SEI interface，which further guides the homogeneous sodium deposition and stripping process. This systematic review is expected to draw more attention to anode-free configurations and bring new inspiration to the design of high-specific energy batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Factors affecting sodium deposition on the anode side

2.1 High reactivity of sodium

2.2 Inhomogeneous sodium deposition

2.3 Volumetric deformations

3 Critical differences between sodium and lithium

4 Interface design principles and strategies

4.1 Design principles

4.2 Homogeneous nucleation regulation at the current collector-sodium interface

4.3 Formation of robust SEI at the sodium-electrolyte interface

5 Conclusions and prospects

All-solid-state batteries have the characteristics of high energy density， long cycle lifeand high safety， which is the development direction of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage. Solid-state electrolytes are the core components of all-solid-state batteries， and sulfide electrolytes have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of high ionic conductivity and good mechanical ductility. As one of the most studied sulfide electrolytes in recent years， lithium-phosphorus-sulfur-chloride sulfide （LPSC） has high ionic conductivity and relatively low cost， but its practical application is limited by shortcomings such as poor stability and poor compatibility of positive and negative electrode materials. The composite solid-state electrolyte has good electrochemical and mechanical properties， and the composite solid-state electrolyte is prepared by modifying the LPSC with polymers， aiming to improve the interfacial compatibility and electrochemical stability of the LPSC. In this paper， the basic composition， recombination mode， modification strategy and ion transport mechanism of LPSC composite solid electrolyte are reviewed， and the future research direction and application prospect of LPSC composite electrolyte are prospected.

With the advancement of technology，flexible pressure sensors have been widely utilized in wearable device fields such as medical monitoring and motion monitoring，primarily due to their thinness，lightness，flexibility，good ductility，as well as their faster response speed and higher sensitivity compared to traditional rigid sensors. When subjected to external forces，the elastic elements within these sensors undergo deformation，converting mechanical signals into electrical signals. Consequently，the choice of elastic elements significantly impacts the overall performance of flexible pressure sensors. Polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） is extensively used as a flexible substrate in sensors because of its stable chemical properties，good thermal stability，low preparation cost，and excellent biocompatibility. By collecting relevant information，this paper reviews the sensing mechanisms of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors，introduces preparation techniques to improve the properties of PDMS materials，including the recently popular methods of introducing porous structures and constructing surface architectures，and discusses the applications of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors in medical monitoring，electronic skin，and other fields. Finally，the challenges faced by PDMS-based flexible sensors and their future opportunities are prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Flexible pressure sensor

3 Fabrication technology of flexible sensor with improved performance

3.1 Pore structure

3.2 Surface micro-nano structures

4 Application of flexible pressure sensor based on PDMS

4.1 Health monitoring

4.2 Electronic skin

5 Conclusion and outlook

Taking into account environmental concerns and the ongoing shift towards clean energy， converting carbon dioxide （CO₂） into ethylene （C₂H₄） through electrochemical CO₂ reduction （ECO₂RR） using renewable electricity is a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for achieving carbon neutrality while also providing economic benefits. Despite significant advancements in the field， issues such as low selectivity， activity and stability continue to persist. This paper presents a review of recent research progress in copper-based catalytic systems for ECO₂RR in the production of ethylene. Firstly， the mechanism of ECO₂RR is briefly summarized. It then highlights various catalyst design strategies for ethylene production， such as tandem catalysis， crystal surface modulation， surface modification， valence influence， size sizing， defect engineering， and morphology design. Finally， the paper discusses future challenges and prospects for the synthesis of ethylene through electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.

As public concern regarding the safety of drinking water continues growing, microplastics and antibiotics have emerged as new contaminants of interest within the field of water treatment. Microplastics and antibiotics not only pollute aquatic environments and endanger both aquatic life and human health, but their coexistence in water can also lead to physical and chemical interactions, such as adsorption. These interactions are influenced by various factors, including the morphology, functional groups, and aging degree of microplastics, as well as the pH, temperature, salinity, heavy metal ions, and organic macromolecules in the water. The resulting microplastic-antibiotic complex pollutants exhibit greater toxicity and are more challenging to remove. This review discusses the hazards of microplastics and antibiotics in water, their interaction mechanisms, and influencing factors. It also highlights the removal characteristics of complex pollutants using two typical water treatment technologies: coagulation and advanced oxidation. The principles and degradation effects of these treatment processes are analyzed in detail.

Organic light emitting diodes （OLEDs） have attracted extensive attention and research interest in advanced display and solid-state lighting due to their self-luminescence， low drive voltage， wide color gamut， surface luminescence， flexibility and rapid response. One of the primary colors of OLED， the development of blue emitter is still lagging far behind. Interestingly， 9，9'-bianthracene as a promising blue-emitter for high-performance fluorescent OLEDs exhibits excellent optoelectronic performance in recent years. Here， we review the progress with the development of 9，9'-anthracene-based blue fluorescent materials and gain insight into their contribution towards enhanced OLED performance. Different approaches to achieve blue emission from molecular design including isomerization， fluorine substitution， asymmetrical structuring， and steric hindrance effects are discussed， with particular focus on device efficiency and stability. Furthermore， an outlook for future challenges and opportunities of OLEDs from the development of new molecular structures， understanding of luminescence mechanisms as well as innovation in flexible and large-scale panels is provided.

Microplastic pollution has become a major environmental issue of global concern. Microplastics can undergo aging under various environmental conditions. The aging process will change the physical and chemical properties of microplastics, thereby leading to changes in their environmental behaviors and toxicities. Therefore, exploring the aging process and mechanism of microplastics is of significance for understanding the environmental processes and health risks of microplastics. This article focuses on the aging process of microplastics in the environment and reviews it from the aspects of aging pathways, influencing factors, interactions with pollutants, release of chemical substances, and changes in toxicities. It also looks forward to the existing challenges and future research directions in the current studies on microplastic aging.

The global concern over white pollution and microplastic contamination caused by traditional non-degradable plastic waste has garnered widespread attention. Promoting biodegradable plastics (BPs) as alternatives to non-degradable plastics is a strategic approach to mitigating these forms of plastic pollution. However, under real-world environmental conditions, BPs often face challenges in achieving rapid degradation and may release significant quantities of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) during the degradation process, posing potential environmental and health risks. In this review, we critically examine the environmental risks associated with traditional non-degradable plastic waste and the use of BPs. We systematically evaluate current pre-treatment techniques, analytical methods, and occurrence patterns of BMPs in environmental and biological samples. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in understanding the potential impacts of BMPs on organisms across various trophic levels, including human health. Finally, we address the challenges in applying BPs, particularly in identifying, analyzing, assessing health impacts, and developing future regulatory standards and measures for BMPs. This review provides theoretical foundations and technical guidance for advancing environmentally friendly and safe BPs.

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a focal point of global environmental research. MPs are widely detected in various environmental matrices, including the atmosphere, soil, oceans, and inland waters. Once introduced into the environment, MPs undergo a series of transformation and transport processes across different environmental compartments and accumulate in biota, thereby posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health. This review aims to summarize the sampling and detection methods for MPs, followed by an assessment of their pollution levels in different matrices. The inter-compartmental transformation and transport of MPs, along with their ecological effects, are then reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the limitations in understanding the environmental geochemical behaviors and ecological risks of MPs, as well as prospects for future research, are outlined.

The visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives is a novel, efficient, and green synthetic method. It allows the construction of various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds for the synthesis of a wide range of high-value-added chemicals, making it a hot topic in the field of modern synthetic chemistry. In recent years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive studies in this area, achieving a series of innovative results that have been widely applied in organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. This paper reviews the latest experimental and theoretical advances in the visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, with a focus on several typical cross-coupling reactions that form C—X (X = C, N, O, S) bonds. It also discusses the future development prospects of this catalytic method.

Polyphenolic compounds are a class of naturally occurring bioactive substances widely found in the environment. Their characteristics，such as low toxicity，low cost，and broad availability，make them become to be widely used chelating agents，reducing agents，and capping agents for treating typical pollutants in water. Currently，polyphenols are extensively used in advanced oxidation processes （AOPs） through the coupling of common transition metal ions and peroxides. However，the chemical mechanisms of polyphenolic substances in water pollution remediation still lack systematic conclusions. This study reviews and summarizes the compositions of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems containing polyphenolic compounds，as well as the pro-oxidant，antioxidant，and chelating-reduction effects exhibited by polyphenols within these systems. It explains the main active species generated by polyphenolic substances under different systems from both radical and non-radical perspectives，along with the corresponding mechanisms for the removal of water pollutants. The dual role of polyphenols as natural redox mediators （RMs） in constructing complex catalytic systems is emphasized，and the effects of external energies such as light，heat，electricity，ultrasound，and plasma on the reaction mechanisms and pollutant degradation effectiveness in these systems are described. Finally，the article looks ahead to the future development directions of polyphenolic compounds in the field of water treatment.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 H₂O₂/PS/PAA activation

2.1 ROS of H₂O₂/PS/PAA

2.2 Polyphenols/Fe（Cu） ions/peroxide systems

2.3 Chelation and reduction of polyphenol-metal ions

2.4 Non-radical reactions

3 High-valent metal species

3.1 Fe ions

3.2 Cu ions

3.3 Mn ions

4 Solid catalyst

4.1 Zero-valent metal monomers

4.2 Monometallic compounds

4.3 Polymetallic compounds

4.4 Metal-organic complexes

4.5 Carbon-based materials

4.6 Inorganic salt supported metal catalysts

5 Polyphenol-SQ•^--Quinone

5.1 Periodate and permanganate

5.2 Peroxide

5.3 O₂，H₂O and others

5.4 Redox mediators

6 External energy

7 Conclusion and outlook

Membrane separation technology has been intensively used in numerous applications such as seawater desalination, water treatment and reuse, fine separation and product concentration, biomedical treatment and so forth owing to its low operation temperature, easy operation process, modularity, and high separation efficiency. However, due to membrane materials, membrane structures, and membrane manufacturing technology, the trade-off behavior between the water flux and the rejection rate of conventional separation membranes has become a technical bottleneck. The preparation of high-performance separation membranes using proteins as membrane materials is expected to break the trade-off behavior of conventional separation membranes. Protein separation membrane works super-efficiently for the target separation and transport, as well as the antibacterial and antifouling properties, where an emerging membrane material of proteins can transport the solute due to their inherent specific water or ion channels, rich binding sites with metal ions, regular nanostructures or low-cost and multifunctional. In this review, the widely implemented membrane materials and fabrication strategies for protein separation membranes are summarized in detail, and the research progress of the various protein separation membranes is described. Furthermore, the challenges faced by protein separation membranes are comprehensively reviewed. This review provides some insights into the construction and prospect of protein separation membranes.

In recent years，covalent organic frameworks（COFs）have emerged as focal points in the research of membrane materials. Distinguished by their distinctive porous structures and structural versatility，COFs offer a promising avenue for advancement in membrane applications compared to conventional polymeric materials. This article delves into diverse interfacial systems，systematically detailing the methodologies for fabricating high-performance COF membranes via interfacial polymerization. The mechanisms underlying membrane formation across various interfacial systems and the strategies for precisely controlling the membrane structure will be elucidated. Furthermore，the intricate relationship between the membrane structure and application performance will be summarized. The challenges and perspectives in this field will be highlighted in the last part of this review.