Nowadays stretchable electronic devices have become a hot research topic in the field of information electronics because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. As the high-speed electron transmission channel in stretching electronic devices， stretchable conductive materials play a crucial role in realizing the functions of stretching electronic devices. Liquid metal has become a hot research object in the field of stretchable conductive composites in recent years because of its intrinsic flexibility and excellent conductivity. Liquid metal is a room temperature liquid conductive material， which exhibits excellent stretchability and tunability due to its inherent high conductivity， fluidity， and ductility. Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites preparation and patterning techniques have been reported and many stretchable devices with excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties have been prepared. In view of the general structural characteristics of liquid metal-based stretchable composites， the key to the preparation is how to solve the interfacial non-impregnation problem caused by the physical property differences between different materials. Therefore， starting from the common types of composites， this paper firstly briefly introduces the components and physical properties of liquid metals generally used， as well as the stretchable polymer matrix materials usually employed. Then， the composite methods of conductive materials and elastomer materials in liquid metal-based electrodes are reviewed from the two ways of "passive" and "active" to deal with the problem of non-wetting at the interface， as well as the blending and dispersion method and the new modification method. Finally， the latest research progress is introduced， and the current status of liquid metal research is summarized. Future development and potential problems to be faced are also discussed.

Plastic products represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have become an important part of modern life and global economy. In order to solve the resource waste and environmental problems caused by PET waste and to realize high-value recycling of materials, there is an urgent need to explore low-cost green and efficient conversion and recycling methods. Chemical depolymerization can deal with low-value, mixed, and contaminated plastics, recover polymer monomers through different chemical reactions or chemically upgrade and recycle to produce new high value-added products, realizing the closed-loop recycling of plastic waste and high value-added applications, which is a key way to establish a circular polymer economy. This paper reviews the latest research progress of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste, analyzes the problems of chemical depolymerization technology of PET waste, and looks forward to the future development trend of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste.

All-solid-state batteries have the characteristics of high energy density， long cycle lifeand high safety， which is the development direction of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage. Solid-state electrolytes are the core components of all-solid-state batteries， and sulfide electrolytes have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of high ionic conductivity and good mechanical ductility. As one of the most studied sulfide electrolytes in recent years， lithium-phosphorus-sulfur-chloride sulfide （LPSC） has high ionic conductivity and relatively low cost， but its practical application is limited by shortcomings such as poor stability and poor compatibility of positive and negative electrode materials. The composite solid-state electrolyte has good electrochemical and mechanical properties， and the composite solid-state electrolyte is prepared by modifying the LPSC with polymers， aiming to improve the interfacial compatibility and electrochemical stability of the LPSC. In this paper， the basic composition， recombination mode， modification strategy and ion transport mechanism of LPSC composite solid electrolyte are reviewed， and the future research direction and application prospect of LPSC composite electrolyte are prospected.

As an important family of synthetic polymers， poly（meth）acrylates have a wide range of applications in the fields of coatings， adhesives， biomedines， electronic and electrical materials. However， the （meth）acrylates monomers are mainly derived from petrochemical resources.Transformations of biomass into （meth）acrylate monomers and polymers have attracted growing research interest from the viewpoint of sustainability. The bio-based poly（meth）acrylates not only serve as the supplement for the fossil based product but also provide great chance for the development of value-added high performance materials with designed novel structures. This article highlights the recent progress in the synthesis and polymerization of bio-based （meth）acrylates. The lignin， terpene， plant oil， glucose， isosorbide， and furan derivatives as the biomass feedstock are respectively reviewed in consecutive order. The properties and applications of the corresponding bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are summarized. Moreover， the challenges and opportunities of bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are also discussed.

Compared to lithium-ion batteries，sodium-ion batteries have greater advantages in terms of resources，cost，safety，power performance，low-temperature performance，and so on. However，the energy density of sodium-ion batteries is relatively low. To explore broader application prospects，the development of high-specific energy sodium batteries has become a research hotspot in both academia and industry. The anode is considered the key bottleneck constraining the development of the sodium battery industry due to limitations such as the inability of graphite to serve as sodium anodes and the high cost，low Coulombic efficiency，and poor kinetics of mainstream hard carbon materials. In recent years，anode-free sodium batteries （AFSBs） have garnered widespread attention due to their advantages in energy density，process safety，and overall battery cost. However，AFSBs generally show rapid capacity loss due to the rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase （SEI） layer，increased chemical side reactions，serious dendrite growth and the formation of dead sodium. As the AFSBs operate，active sodium is continuously consumed without additional metallic sodium to replenish it，leading to poor cycling performance and failure of AFSBs. These issues can be attributed to the following characteristics： the high reactivity of sodium，non-uniform nucleation and huge volume expansion. To elucidate the strategies for promoting dendrite-free growth on the anode side of AFSBs，this review focuses on the current collector-sodium interface and sodium-electrolyte interface，including the design of sodiophilic coatings，porous skeleton structure to regulate the sodium nucleation process，and the construction of robust SEI interface，which further guides the homogeneous sodium deposition and stripping process. This systematic review is expected to draw more attention to anode-free configurations and bring new inspiration to the design of high-specific energy batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Factors affecting sodium deposition on the anode side

2.1 High reactivity of sodium

2.2 Inhomogeneous sodium deposition

2.3 Volumetric deformations

3 Critical differences between sodium and lithium

4 Interface design principles and strategies

4.1 Design principles

4.2 Homogeneous nucleation regulation at the current collector-sodium interface

4.3 Formation of robust SEI at the sodium-electrolyte interface

5 Conclusions and prospects

With the advancement of technology，flexible pressure sensors have been widely utilized in wearable device fields such as medical monitoring and motion monitoring，primarily due to their thinness，lightness，flexibility，good ductility，as well as their faster response speed and higher sensitivity compared to traditional rigid sensors. When subjected to external forces，the elastic elements within these sensors undergo deformation，converting mechanical signals into electrical signals. Consequently，the choice of elastic elements significantly impacts the overall performance of flexible pressure sensors. Polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） is extensively used as a flexible substrate in sensors because of its stable chemical properties，good thermal stability，low preparation cost，and excellent biocompatibility. By collecting relevant information，this paper reviews the sensing mechanisms of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors，introduces preparation techniques to improve the properties of PDMS materials，including the recently popular methods of introducing porous structures and constructing surface architectures，and discusses the applications of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors in medical monitoring，electronic skin，and other fields. Finally，the challenges faced by PDMS-based flexible sensors and their future opportunities are prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Flexible pressure sensor

3 Fabrication technology of flexible sensor with improved performance

3.1 Pore structure

3.2 Surface micro-nano structures

4 Application of flexible pressure sensor based on PDMS

4.1 Health monitoring

4.2 Electronic skin

5 Conclusion and outlook

Taking into account environmental concerns and the ongoing shift towards clean energy， converting carbon dioxide （CO₂） into ethylene （C₂H₄） through electrochemical CO₂ reduction （ECO₂RR） using renewable electricity is a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for achieving carbon neutrality while also providing economic benefits. Despite significant advancements in the field， issues such as low selectivity， activity and stability continue to persist. This paper presents a review of recent research progress in copper-based catalytic systems for ECO₂RR in the production of ethylene. Firstly， the mechanism of ECO₂RR is briefly summarized. It then highlights various catalyst design strategies for ethylene production， such as tandem catalysis， crystal surface modulation， surface modification， valence influence， size sizing， defect engineering， and morphology design. Finally， the paper discusses future challenges and prospects for the synthesis of ethylene through electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.

Organic light emitting diodes （OLEDs） have attracted extensive attention and research interest in advanced display and solid-state lighting due to their self-luminescence， low drive voltage， wide color gamut， surface luminescence， flexibility and rapid response. One of the primary colors of OLED， the development of blue emitter is still lagging far behind. Interestingly， 9，9'-bianthracene as a promising blue-emitter for high-performance fluorescent OLEDs exhibits excellent optoelectronic performance in recent years. Here， we review the progress with the development of 9，9'-anthracene-based blue fluorescent materials and gain insight into their contribution towards enhanced OLED performance. Different approaches to achieve blue emission from molecular design including isomerization， fluorine substitution， asymmetrical structuring， and steric hindrance effects are discussed， with particular focus on device efficiency and stability. Furthermore， an outlook for future challenges and opportunities of OLEDs from the development of new molecular structures， understanding of luminescence mechanisms as well as innovation in flexible and large-scale panels is provided.

The visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives is a novel, efficient, and green synthetic method. It allows the construction of various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds for the synthesis of a wide range of high-value-added chemicals, making it a hot topic in the field of modern synthetic chemistry. In recent years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive studies in this area, achieving a series of innovative results that have been widely applied in organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. This paper reviews the latest experimental and theoretical advances in the visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, with a focus on several typical cross-coupling reactions that form C—X (X = C, N, O, S) bonds. It also discusses the future development prospects of this catalytic method.

Membrane separation technology has been intensively used in numerous applications such as seawater desalination, water treatment and reuse, fine separation and product concentration, biomedical treatment and so forth owing to its low operation temperature, easy operation process, modularity, and high separation efficiency. However, due to membrane materials, membrane structures, and membrane manufacturing technology, the trade-off behavior between the water flux and the rejection rate of conventional separation membranes has become a technical bottleneck. The preparation of high-performance separation membranes using proteins as membrane materials is expected to break the trade-off behavior of conventional separation membranes. Protein separation membrane works super-efficiently for the target separation and transport, as well as the antibacterial and antifouling properties, where an emerging membrane material of proteins can transport the solute due to their inherent specific water or ion channels, rich binding sites with metal ions, regular nanostructures or low-cost and multifunctional. In this review, the widely implemented membrane materials and fabrication strategies for protein separation membranes are summarized in detail, and the research progress of the various protein separation membranes is described. Furthermore, the challenges faced by protein separation membranes are comprehensively reviewed. This review provides some insights into the construction and prospect of protein separation membranes.

Polyphenolic compounds are a class of naturally occurring bioactive substances widely found in the environment. Their characteristics，such as low toxicity，low cost，and broad availability，make them become to be widely used chelating agents，reducing agents，and capping agents for treating typical pollutants in water. Currently，polyphenols are extensively used in advanced oxidation processes （AOPs） through the coupling of common transition metal ions and peroxides. However，the chemical mechanisms of polyphenolic substances in water pollution remediation still lack systematic conclusions. This study reviews and summarizes the compositions of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems containing polyphenolic compounds，as well as the pro-oxidant，antioxidant，and chelating-reduction effects exhibited by polyphenols within these systems. It explains the main active species generated by polyphenolic substances under different systems from both radical and non-radical perspectives，along with the corresponding mechanisms for the removal of water pollutants. The dual role of polyphenols as natural redox mediators （RMs） in constructing complex catalytic systems is emphasized，and the effects of external energies such as light，heat，electricity，ultrasound，and plasma on the reaction mechanisms and pollutant degradation effectiveness in these systems are described. Finally，the article looks ahead to the future development directions of polyphenolic compounds in the field of water treatment.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 H₂O₂/PS/PAA activation

2.1 ROS of H₂O₂/PS/PAA

2.2 Polyphenols/Fe（Cu） ions/peroxide systems

2.3 Chelation and reduction of polyphenol-metal ions

2.4 Non-radical reactions

3 High-valent metal species

3.1 Fe ions

3.2 Cu ions

3.3 Mn ions

4 Solid catalyst

4.1 Zero-valent metal monomers

4.2 Monometallic compounds

4.3 Polymetallic compounds

4.4 Metal-organic complexes

4.5 Carbon-based materials

4.6 Inorganic salt supported metal catalysts

5 Polyphenol-SQ•^--Quinone

5.1 Periodate and permanganate

5.2 Peroxide

5.3 O₂，H₂O and others

5.4 Redox mediators

6 External energy

7 Conclusion and outlook

Zinc-iodine batteries have attracted widespread attention as a novel green，low-cost，and highly safe electrochemical energy storage technology. Its basic principle is to use the electrochemical reaction between zinc and iodine to store and release energy. However，the low electronic conductivity，shuttle effect，and high solubility of iodine limit the practical application of zinc-iodine batteries. This work provides a systematic review of the research progress on carbon materials used in the cathode of zinc-iodine batteries，with a focus on several commonly used carbon materials，such as carbon nanotubes，graphene，activated carbon，biomass-derived carbon，and other porous carbon materials. Owing to their excellent conductivity，high specific surface area，and good chemical stability，these carbon materials can not only effectively adsorb and immobilize iodine molecules，preventing iodine loss and the shuttle effect，but also promote iodine redox reactions by regulating the pore structure and surface chemical properties，thereby improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of the battery. Additionally，we put forward the challenges and issues faced by carbon materials in the practical application of zinc-iodine batteries，including how to further enhance iodine adsorption capability and improve the structural stability of the electrode. Accordingly，several potential future research directions are proposed with a view to further improving the electrochemical performance and reducing the manufacturing cost，thus laying the foundation for advancing the development and application of this emerging battery technology.

In recent years，covalent organic frameworks（COFs）have emerged as focal points in the research of membrane materials. Distinguished by their distinctive porous structures and structural versatility，COFs offer a promising avenue for advancement in membrane applications compared to conventional polymeric materials. This article delves into diverse interfacial systems，systematically detailing the methodologies for fabricating high-performance COF membranes via interfacial polymerization. The mechanisms underlying membrane formation across various interfacial systems and the strategies for precisely controlling the membrane structure will be elucidated. Furthermore，the intricate relationship between the membrane structure and application performance will be summarized. The challenges and perspectives in this field will be highlighted in the last part of this review.

In the realm of two-dimensional nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP) is considered a promising candidate to address the shortcomings of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Low- dimensional black phosphorus (BP) refers to a class of nanomaterials derived from the layered semiconductor BP. These materials exhibit high structural anisotropy, tunable bandgap widths, and high hole and electron mobility, endowing BP with unique properties such as conductivity, photothermal, photodynamic, and mechanical behaviors. BP's near-infrared light response significantly enhances its effectiveness in photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial applications. Additionally, due to its unique layered structure, BP nanosheets (BPNS) possess a high surface-to-volume ratio, making them excellent carriers for loading and delivering other antimicrobial nanomaterials or drugs. First, this article discusses the physical properties of low-dimensional BP and introduces various preparation methods. Furthermore, it systematically reviews exciting therapeutic applications of polymer-modified black phosphorus nanomaterials in various fields, such as cancer treatment (phototherapy, drug delivery, and synergistic immunotherapy), bone regeneration, and neurogenesis. Finally, the paper discusses some challenges facing future clinical trials and potential directions for further research.

The sustained development of industry has brought enormous economic benefits，but it has also caused great harm to the environment. The excessive CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion are released into the natural environment，posing a threat to the environment and human health. So people are working hard to develop materials that can effectively capture CO₂. At present，CO₂ capture mainly occurs after the combustion of fossil fuels. According to the design standards for CO₂ adsorbents，a variety of CO₂ capture materials have been designed and developed，including solid adsorbents，liquid adsorbents，and multiphase adsorbents. The adsorption mechanisms of various adsorbents are also different，including adsorption，absorption，or a combination of both mechanisms. This review focuses on the capture performance，absorption mechanism，advantages and disadvantages of various common types of current adsorbents，and introduces amine solution absorbents，zeolite-based adsorbents，ionic liquids-based adsorbents，carbon-based adsorbents，metal-organic framework materials，covalent organic framework materials，metal-oxide materials，and biopolymer nanocomposites，respectively，with an outlook of the future development of CO₂ adsorbent materials.

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Current status and hazards of CO₂ emissions

1.2 CO₂ capture technology

1.3 Criteria for designing CO₂ capture materials

2 CO₂ capture materials

2.1 Amine solution absorbents

2.2 Zeolites based adsorbents

2.3 Ionic liquids absorbents

2.4 Carbon-based adsorbents

2.5 Metal organic framworks

2.6 Covalent organic frameworks

2.7 Metal oxide sorbents

2.8 Biopolymeric nanocomposites

3 Comparison and Prospect of Capture Materials

4 Conclusion

Solar energy is the energy source for all life on Earth, and its efficient conversion is of great significance for solving the global energy crises and environmental issues. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, researchers have recently developed whole-cell biohybrids based on semiconductors and microorganisms by integrating the excellent light absorption ability of photosensitizer semiconductors and the efficient biocatalysis ability of whole-cell microbes. The development of whole-cell biohybrids aims to realize efficient solar-to-chemical production in a green and low-carbon pathway. This review clarifies the operation principle and advantages of whole-cell biohybrids, and the properties of photosensitizer semiconductors are summarized, including the band structure, excitation wavelength and quantum yield. Moreover, this work innovatively concludes the construction mechanisms of whole-cell biohybrids and the electron transfer mechanisms in the interface between semiconductor and microbe. Moreover, the advanced progress of whole-cell biohybrids are reviewed, such as the high-value conversion of carbon dioxide, artificial nitrogen fixation, hydrogen production as well as pollutant removal and recovery. Finally, the environmental impacts and challenges of whole-cell biohybrids are discussed and the perspectives for the development of whole-cell biohybrids are proposed. This article is expected to provide fundamental insights for the further development and actual application of whole-cell biohybrids.

Using catalytic processes to convert CO₂ into low-carbon fuels and fine chemicals is one of the most efficient paths to addressing global energy imbalance and CO₂ excess emissions. The advantages of one-dimensional nanocatalysts in long-range electron transport and controllable internal structure endow them with widely utilization in catalysis. Electrospinning，a top-down method for fabrication of fibers，offers unique advantages in regulating fiber composition and structure. This paper systematically reviews the designing strategies and application advancements of fiber catalysts based on electrospinning，including fully controllable synthesis strategies for multilevel structured fibers，methods for introducing active sites via one-step and post-load techniques，and research case of fiber catalysts in CO₂ conversion. This review provides valuable references for the development of new concepts，methods，processes，and applications of fiber catalysts for CO₂ conversion.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Electrospinning in designing of fiber catalysts

2.1 Electrospinning

2.2 Designing of fiber structures

2.3 Introducing of active sites

3 Applications of fiber catalysts in CO₂ conversion

3.1 Photocatalytic CO₂ conversion

3.2 Electrocatalytic CO₂ conversion

3.3 Thermocatalytic CO₂ conversion

4 Conclusion and outlook

Black carbon （BC） particulate matter has significant light-absorbing capacity and is an important species contributing to haze pollution and global warming. However， quantitative studies of the light absorption capacity of black carbon （BC） have long been unable to reach a consensus affecting the accurate assessment of its environmental and climate effect. The morphological evolution of BC particles is the important factor affecting the light-absorbing capacity. However， the current literature review lacks a comprehensive summary of the characteristics and mechanisms involved in the evolution of BC micromorphology. This review summarizes the relevant studies on BC morphology evolution in recent years including the quantitative parameters of BC morphology， measurement and calculation methods of morphology parameters， the micromorphology evolution characteristics of BC during condensation process， phase separation process， coagulation process and evaporation process， and its evolution mechanism and main influencing factors. The evolution of the microphysical morphology of BC particles during different aging processes is the key to explaining the controversy over the light absorption of BC particles. However， there are still many uncertainties in the morphology evolution of BC core and the quantitative assessment of light absorption of complex-structured BC particles in these processes. Therefore， tracking the actual atmospheric BC morphology evolution， further investigating the effect of morphology evolution mechanism on the BC core collapse， and improving the models of BC light absorption and radiation will be the key research direction in the future.

Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties， molybdenum disulfide （MoS₂） demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field， particularly in supercapacitors. It is widely regarded as one of the most representative transition metal dichalcogenides. MoS₂ possesses a high theoretical specific capacitance， abundant edge active sites， and favorable tunability and structural diversity， which provide it with a distinct advantage in the construction of advanced electrode structures. Additionally， the anisotropic characteristics of MoS₂ concerning electron and ion transport offer more dimensions for regulating its electrochemical behavior. This work will systematically review various synthesis strategies for MoS₂ and its recent advancements in energy storage， with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which interlayer spacing modulation affects energy storage behavior in supercapacitor configurations. The discussion will encompass a comprehensive logical framework that spans material structure modifications， electronic configuration evolution， and enhancements in macroscopic device performance. This review aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of MoS₂ in the next generation of high-performance energy storage devices.