With the rapid development of current society and economy, as well as the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, the complexity and seriousness of environmental pollution issues are becoming increasingly apparent. Beyond traditional pollutants, the appearance of emerging pollutants on a global scale has brought new challenges to environment and public health. China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” and medium and long-term planning put forward “emerging pollutant control”, report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also explicitly requested “carry out emerging pollutant control”. In 2022, General Office of the State Council issued “Action Plan for Emerging Pollutant Control”, followed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and various provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, which released corresponding implementation plans, China has transferred to a new phase of environmental protection that balances the control of both traditional and emerging pollutants. However, management of emerging pollutants is a long-term, dynamic and complex systematic project, which urgently needs to strengthen top-level design as well as scientific and technological support. Conducting systematic research on emerging pollutants not only provides effective scientific guidance for their control and improves the level of environmental quality management, but also assists our country in fulfilling international conventions, enhances the discourse power in global environmental governance, ensures our country environmental security, food security, international trade security, etc., and is of great significance for realizing sustainable development. This review aims to comprehensively explore various aspects of emerging pollutants, including their types and characteristics, production, use and emission, identification and detection, environmental occurrence, migration and transformation, ecotoxicological effects, human exposure, health risks, and management strategies. Furthermore, it looks forward to the future research direction, with a view to providing a scientific basis and decision-making support for control of emerging pollutants in China.

Nowadays stretchable electronic devices have become a hot research topic in the field of information electronics because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. As the high-speed electron transmission channel in stretching electronic devices， stretchable conductive materials play a crucial role in realizing the functions of stretching electronic devices. Liquid metal has become a hot research object in the field of stretchable conductive composites in recent years because of its intrinsic flexibility and excellent conductivity. Liquid metal is a room temperature liquid conductive material， which exhibits excellent stretchability and tunability due to its inherent high conductivity， fluidity， and ductility. Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites preparation and patterning techniques have been reported and many stretchable devices with excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties have been prepared. In view of the general structural characteristics of liquid metal-based stretchable composites， the key to the preparation is how to solve the interfacial non-impregnation problem caused by the physical property differences between different materials. Therefore， starting from the common types of composites， this paper firstly briefly introduces the components and physical properties of liquid metals generally used， as well as the stretchable polymer matrix materials usually employed. Then， the composite methods of conductive materials and elastomer materials in liquid metal-based electrodes are reviewed from the two ways of "passive" and "active" to deal with the problem of non-wetting at the interface， as well as the blending and dispersion method and the new modification method. Finally， the latest research progress is introduced， and the current status of liquid metal research is summarized. Future development and potential problems to be faced are also discussed.

Plastic products represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have become an important part of modern life and global economy. In order to solve the resource waste and environmental problems caused by PET waste and to realize high-value recycling of materials, there is an urgent need to explore low-cost green and efficient conversion and recycling methods. Chemical depolymerization can deal with low-value, mixed, and contaminated plastics, recover polymer monomers through different chemical reactions or chemically upgrade and recycle to produce new high value-added products, realizing the closed-loop recycling of plastic waste and high value-added applications, which is a key way to establish a circular polymer economy. This paper reviews the latest research progress of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste, analyzes the problems of chemical depolymerization technology of PET waste, and looks forward to the future development trend of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste.

Representing an important class of ubiquitous chemical feedstock, aromatics have been extensively utilized in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) reactions, nitration reactions, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions, cross-coupling reactions, C-H bond functionalization reactions etc. Dearomatization reaction is another type of transformations of aromatics, in which their aromaticity is destroyed or reduced. Since its first report, dearomatization reaction has served as an efficient platform to create C(sp³)-H-rich spiro, fused and bridged polycyclic structures, widely applied in material and medicinal chemistry. In the past two decades, various dearomatization reactions have been established by using transition-metal catalysis, organocatalysis, enzymatic catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. Diverse polycyclic structures have been obtained by the dearomatization of indoles, pyrroles, (benzo)furans, (benzo)thiophenes, quinolines, pyridines, benzenes, naphthalenes, etc. The coupling reagents, including nucleophiles, electrophiles, dipoles, radicals, and carbenes have been developed to assemble different functional groups on dearomative framework. In this review, we briefly summarized the developed dearomatization reactions, which were categorized by the kinds of aromatic compounds. The remaining challenges and perspectives on the future development of dearomatization reactions are also included here.

Perchlorate, a persistent inorganic pollutant in water, poses a global environmental challenge due to its high solubility, mobility, and stability, making it difficult to degrade in the environment. Contamination by perchlorate has become a worldwide environmental issue, as residues of perchlorate in surface water and groundwater enter food and drinking water through various pathways, posing potential health risks. Chemical and biological methods have been extensively studied for perchlorate removal, each with its unique advantages and challenges. This paper systematically summarizes the recent research progress in chemical and biological treatment technologies for removing perchlorate from water, elaborating on the mechanisms, influencing factors, and advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. Chemical degradation, catalytic reduction, and electrochemical reduction are effective methods for treating perchlorate pollution. Organic electron donors such as acetate, glycerol, ethanol, and methane, as well as inorganic electron donors such as hydrogen and elemental sulfur, are widely used in the biological degradation process of perchlorate. Chemical methods provide rapid reduction rates and convenient implementation, while biological methods offer environmentally friendly solutions and long-term sustainable potential. However, both methods have limitations. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore combined removal techniques that integrate chemical and biological methods to enhance the remediation efficiency of perchlorate pollution. This paper reviews the research progress of three combined removal techniques: adsorption-biological method, bio-electrochemical method, and chemical reduction-biological method. In addition, future research directions are discussed, including engineering implementation studies, materials and microbiology research, practical application studies, and in-depth exploration of perchlorate degradation mechanisms.

Due to the rapid growth in the number of vehicles and freight transport, tire wear particles (TWPs), generated from the friction between tires and road surfaces, have become the main source of microplastics in the environment. TWPs are widely detected in various environmental media, including soil, surface water, and sediments. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of the environmental interfacial processes of TWPs is of great significance for the control of microplastic pollution. In this paper, we first summarized recent progress in the interfacial chemical processes of TWPs, including the transport behavior, environmental transformation, release of toxic additives, and the adsorption of co-existing pollutants on TWPs. We then addressed some existing issues in current research and proposed future directions toward a better understanding of the environmental behavior and potential environmental risks of TWPs.

This review highlights the advantages and research advancements of Raman spectroscopy in detecting micro- and nanoplastics in the environment. With the worsening issue of microplastic pollution, particularly its widespread presence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a non-destructive, high-resolution analytical technique widely employed for identifying and quantitatively analyzing micro- and nanoplastics. This is attributed to its unique spectral characteristics and reduced susceptibility to water interference compared to infrared spectroscopy. The strengths of Raman spectroscopy in detecting micro- and nanoplastics lie in its high spatial resolution, broad spectral range, and exceptional sensitivity. However, challenges such as fluorescence interference and low signal-to-noise ratios persist in the detection process. To enhance Raman signals, researchers have introduced various approaches, including sample pretreatment, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, this paper underscores the necessity of building a comprehensive Raman spectroscopy database to boost detection accuracy and efficiency. Future research directions include developing more effective preprocessing methods, dynamically monitoring the behavior of micro- and nanoplastics, and integrating intelligent detection systems.

As an important family of synthetic polymers， poly（meth）acrylates have a wide range of applications in the fields of coatings， adhesives， biomedines， electronic and electrical materials. However， the （meth）acrylates monomers are mainly derived from petrochemical resources.Transformations of biomass into （meth）acrylate monomers and polymers have attracted growing research interest from the viewpoint of sustainability. The bio-based poly（meth）acrylates not only serve as the supplement for the fossil based product but also provide great chance for the development of value-added high performance materials with designed novel structures. This article highlights the recent progress in the synthesis and polymerization of bio-based （meth）acrylates. The lignin， terpene， plant oil， glucose， isosorbide， and furan derivatives as the biomass feedstock are respectively reviewed in consecutive order. The properties and applications of the corresponding bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are summarized. Moreover， the challenges and opportunities of bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are also discussed.

Due to the highly stable chemical properties of plastics, plastic wastes disposed into environments are difficult to degrade and can only be broken down into microplastics with smaller particle size and larger surface area through the weathering process. Microplastic pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental issues. There is an urgent need to reduce microplastic pollution in order to protect the ecological and human health. Biodegradation of microplastics can ultimately convert microplastics into environmentally friendly substances such as biomass, CO₂, CH₄ and H₂O or other valuable intermediates. It is thus an environmentally friendly technology to potentially make microplastics harmless and resourceful. This paper reviews the present understanding of microplastics biodegradation processes, the influencing factors, the microbial and enzymatic resources for microplastics degradation, and the up-to-date approaches for mining plastics-degrading microbial resources. It finally provides perspectives on the challenges of current research and the direction of future research on microplastic biodegradation.

Compared to lithium-ion batteries，sodium-ion batteries have greater advantages in terms of resources，cost，safety，power performance，low-temperature performance，and so on. However，the energy density of sodium-ion batteries is relatively low. To explore broader application prospects，the development of high-specific energy sodium batteries has become a research hotspot in both academia and industry. The anode is considered the key bottleneck constraining the development of the sodium battery industry due to limitations such as the inability of graphite to serve as sodium anodes and the high cost，low Coulombic efficiency，and poor kinetics of mainstream hard carbon materials. In recent years，anode-free sodium batteries （AFSBs） have garnered widespread attention due to their advantages in energy density，process safety，and overall battery cost. However，AFSBs generally show rapid capacity loss due to the rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase （SEI） layer，increased chemical side reactions，serious dendrite growth and the formation of dead sodium. As the AFSBs operate，active sodium is continuously consumed without additional metallic sodium to replenish it，leading to poor cycling performance and failure of AFSBs. These issues can be attributed to the following characteristics： the high reactivity of sodium，non-uniform nucleation and huge volume expansion. To elucidate the strategies for promoting dendrite-free growth on the anode side of AFSBs，this review focuses on the current collector-sodium interface and sodium-electrolyte interface，including the design of sodiophilic coatings，porous skeleton structure to regulate the sodium nucleation process，and the construction of robust SEI interface，which further guides the homogeneous sodium deposition and stripping process. This systematic review is expected to draw more attention to anode-free configurations and bring new inspiration to the design of high-specific energy batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Factors affecting sodium deposition on the anode side

2.1 High reactivity of sodium

2.2 Inhomogeneous sodium deposition

2.3 Volumetric deformations

3 Critical differences between sodium and lithium

4 Interface design principles and strategies

4.1 Design principles

4.2 Homogeneous nucleation regulation at the current collector-sodium interface

4.3 Formation of robust SEI at the sodium-electrolyte interface

5 Conclusions and prospects

Lithium metal is considered to be the most promising anode material owing to its extraordinary theoretical specific capacity and the lowest redox potential. However, lithium anodes suffer from many challenges, such as the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers, and infinite volume expansion of lithium during cycling, which hinder the further commercial application of lithium metal batteries. Numerous important strategies have been proposed to overcome these challenges. Among them, three-dimensional current collectors can not only reduce the local current density and alleviate dendrite growth, but also mitigate the volume change of Li metal during the stripping/plating process. Based on the above problems, this review summarizes the working mechanisms and the latest research progress about the design of the three-dimensional structure and the lithiophilic modification to stabilize the lithium metal anode.

Organic light emitting diodes （OLEDs） have attracted extensive attention and research interest in advanced display and solid-state lighting due to their self-luminescence， low drive voltage， wide color gamut， surface luminescence， flexibility and rapid response. One of the primary colors of OLED， the development of blue emitter is still lagging far behind. Interestingly， 9，9'-bianthracene as a promising blue-emitter for high-performance fluorescent OLEDs exhibits excellent optoelectronic performance in recent years. Here， we review the progress with the development of 9，9'-anthracene-based blue fluorescent materials and gain insight into their contribution towards enhanced OLED performance. Different approaches to achieve blue emission from molecular design including isomerization， fluorine substitution， asymmetrical structuring， and steric hindrance effects are discussed， with particular focus on device efficiency and stability. Furthermore， an outlook for future challenges and opportunities of OLEDs from the development of new molecular structures， understanding of luminescence mechanisms as well as innovation in flexible and large-scale panels is provided.

All-solid-state batteries have the characteristics of high energy density， long cycle lifeand high safety， which is the development direction of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage. Solid-state electrolytes are the core components of all-solid-state batteries， and sulfide electrolytes have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of high ionic conductivity and good mechanical ductility. As one of the most studied sulfide electrolytes in recent years， lithium-phosphorus-sulfur-chloride sulfide （LPSC） has high ionic conductivity and relatively low cost， but its practical application is limited by shortcomings such as poor stability and poor compatibility of positive and negative electrode materials. The composite solid-state electrolyte has good electrochemical and mechanical properties， and the composite solid-state electrolyte is prepared by modifying the LPSC with polymers， aiming to improve the interfacial compatibility and electrochemical stability of the LPSC. In this paper， the basic composition， recombination mode， modification strategy and ion transport mechanism of LPSC composite solid electrolyte are reviewed， and the future research direction and application prospect of LPSC composite electrolyte are prospected.

Taking into account environmental concerns and the ongoing shift towards clean energy， converting carbon dioxide （CO₂） into ethylene （C₂H₄） through electrochemical CO₂ reduction （ECO₂RR） using renewable electricity is a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for achieving carbon neutrality while also providing economic benefits. Despite significant advancements in the field， issues such as low selectivity， activity and stability continue to persist. This paper presents a review of recent research progress in copper-based catalytic systems for ECO₂RR in the production of ethylene. Firstly， the mechanism of ECO₂RR is briefly summarized. It then highlights various catalyst design strategies for ethylene production， such as tandem catalysis， crystal surface modulation， surface modification， valence influence， size sizing， defect engineering， and morphology design. Finally， the paper discusses future challenges and prospects for the synthesis of ethylene through electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.

As public concern regarding the safety of drinking water continues growing, microplastics and antibiotics have emerged as new contaminants of interest within the field of water treatment. Microplastics and antibiotics not only pollute aquatic environments and endanger both aquatic life and human health, but their coexistence in water can also lead to physical and chemical interactions, such as adsorption. These interactions are influenced by various factors, including the morphology, functional groups, and aging degree of microplastics, as well as the pH, temperature, salinity, heavy metal ions, and organic macromolecules in the water. The resulting microplastic-antibiotic complex pollutants exhibit greater toxicity and are more challenging to remove. This review discusses the hazards of microplastics and antibiotics in water, their interaction mechanisms, and influencing factors. It also highlights the removal characteristics of complex pollutants using two typical water treatment technologies: coagulation and advanced oxidation. The principles and degradation effects of these treatment processes are analyzed in detail.

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a focal point of global environmental research. MPs are widely detected in various environmental matrices, including the atmosphere, soil, oceans, and inland waters. Once introduced into the environment, MPs undergo a series of transformation and transport processes across different environmental compartments and accumulate in biota, thereby posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health. This review aims to summarize the sampling and detection methods for MPs, followed by an assessment of their pollution levels in different matrices. The inter-compartmental transformation and transport of MPs, along with their ecological effects, are then reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the limitations in understanding the environmental geochemical behaviors and ecological risks of MPs, as well as prospects for future research, are outlined.

With the advancement of technology，flexible pressure sensors have been widely utilized in wearable device fields such as medical monitoring and motion monitoring，primarily due to their thinness，lightness，flexibility，good ductility，as well as their faster response speed and higher sensitivity compared to traditional rigid sensors. When subjected to external forces，the elastic elements within these sensors undergo deformation，converting mechanical signals into electrical signals. Consequently，the choice of elastic elements significantly impacts the overall performance of flexible pressure sensors. Polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） is extensively used as a flexible substrate in sensors because of its stable chemical properties，good thermal stability，low preparation cost，and excellent biocompatibility. By collecting relevant information，this paper reviews the sensing mechanisms of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors，introduces preparation techniques to improve the properties of PDMS materials，including the recently popular methods of introducing porous structures and constructing surface architectures，and discusses the applications of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors in medical monitoring，electronic skin，and other fields. Finally，the challenges faced by PDMS-based flexible sensors and their future opportunities are prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Flexible pressure sensor

3 Fabrication technology of flexible sensor with improved performance

3.1 Pore structure

3.2 Surface micro-nano structures

4 Application of flexible pressure sensor based on PDMS

4.1 Health monitoring

4.2 Electronic skin

5 Conclusion and outlook

Microplastic pollution has become a major environmental issue of global concern. Microplastics can undergo aging under various environmental conditions. The aging process will change the physical and chemical properties of microplastics, thereby leading to changes in their environmental behaviors and toxicities. Therefore, exploring the aging process and mechanism of microplastics is of significance for understanding the environmental processes and health risks of microplastics. This article focuses on the aging process of microplastics in the environment and reviews it from the aspects of aging pathways, influencing factors, interactions with pollutants, release of chemical substances, and changes in toxicities. It also looks forward to the existing challenges and future research directions in the current studies on microplastic aging.