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  • Original article
    Critical Issues and Interfacial Design on the Anode Side for Anode-Free Sodium Batteries
    Jiawen Dai, Chunlin Xie, Rui Zhang, Huanhuan Li, Haiyan Wang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240519
    Accepted: 2024-09-24
    Abstract (149) HTML (178) Knowledge map Save Cited

    Compared to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have greater advantages in terms of resources, cost, safety, power performance, low-temperature performance and so on. However, the energy density of sodium-ion batteries is relatively low. To explore broader application prospects, the development of high specific energy sodium batteries has become a research hotspot in both academia and industry. The anode is considered the key bottleneck constraining the development of the sodium battery industry due to limitations such as the inability of graphite to serve as sodium anodes and the high cost, low Coulombic efficiency, and poor kinetics of mainstream hard carbon materials. In recent years, anode-free sodium batteries (AFSBs) have garnered widespread attention due to their advantages in energy density, process safety, and overall battery cost. However, AFSBs generally show rapid capacity loss owing to the rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, increased chemical side reactions, serious dendrite growth and the formation of dead sodium. As the AFSBs operate, active sodium is continuously consumed without additional metallic sodium to replenish it, leading to poor cycling performance and failure of AFSBs. These issues can be attributed to the following characteristics: the high reactivity of sodium, non-uniform nucleation and huge volume expansion. To elucidates the strategies of promoting dendrite-free growth on the anode side of AFSBs, this review focuses on the current collector-sodium interface and sodium-electrolyte interface, including the design of sodiophilic coatings, porous skeleton structure to regulate the sodium nucleation process, and the construction of robust SEI interface, which further guides the homogeneous sodium deposition and stripping process. This comprehensive review is expected to draw more attention to anode-free configurations and bring new inspiration to the design of high specific energy batteries.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Factors affecting sodium deposition on the anode side

    2.1 High reactivity of sodium

    2.2 Inhomogeneous sodium deposition

    2.3 Volumetric deformations

    3 Critical differences between sodium and lithium

    4 Interface design principles and strategies

    4.1 Design principles

    4.2 Homogeneous nucleation regulation at the current collector-sodium interface

    4.3 Formation of robust SEI at the sodium-electrolyte interface

    5 Conclusions and prospects

  • Original article
    Recent Advances of the 9,9'-Bianthracene-based Blue Fluorescent Emitters for High-performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
    Aowei Zhu, Zhanfeng Li, Kunping Guo, Yanqin Miao, Baoyou Liu, Gang Yu
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240520
    Accepted: 2024-09-22
    Abstract (61) HTML (11) Knowledge map Save Cited

    Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted extensive attention and research interest in advanced display and solid-state lighting due to their self-luminescence, low drive voltage, wide color gamut, surface luminescence, flexibility and rapid response. One of the primary colors of OLED, the development of blue emitter still lagging far behind. Interestingly, 9,9'-bianthracene as a promising blue-emitting for high-performance fluorescent OLEDs exhibits excellent optoelectronic performance in recent years. Here, we review the progress with the development of 9,9'-anthracene-based blue fluorescent materials and gain insight into their contribution towards enhanced OLED performance. Different approaches to achieve blue emission from molecular design including isomerization, fluorine substitution, asymmetrical structuring, and steric hindrance effects are discussed, with particular focus on device efficiency and stability. Furthermore, an outlook for future challenges and opportunities of OLEDs from the development of new molecular structures, understanding of luminescence mechanisms as well as innovation in flexible and large-scale panels is provided.

    Contents:

    1. Introduction

    1.1 OLED structure and principle

    1.2 Performance parameters of OLED

    1.3 OLED emissive materials

    2 9,9'-Bianthracene-based blue light-emitting materials and device performance

    2.1 Basic structure of bianthracene

    2.2 9,9'-Bianthracene-based blue light- emitting materials and devices

    2.3 Structures and chemical properties of other bianthracene derivatives

    2.4 BT.2020 blue light

    3 Correlation between the structure and performance of 9,9'-Bianthracene-based blue light-emitting materials

    3.1 Isomerization effects in bianthracene

    3.2 Halogen substitution effects

    3.3 Asymmetric effects

    3.4 Steric hindrance effects

    3.5 Blue-emitting device design

    4 Summary and prospects

    4.1 Summary

    4.2 Prospects

  • Original article
    Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites
    Zaiyang Zheng, Huibin Sun, Wei Huang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240516
    Accepted: 2024-09-22
    Abstract (217) HTML (200) Knowledge map Save Cited

    Nowadays stretchable electronic devices have become a hot research topic in the field of information electronics because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. As the high-speed electron transmission channel in stretching electronic devices, stretchable conductive materials play a crucial role in realizing the functions of stretching electronic devices. Liquid metal has become a hot research object in the field of stretchable conductive composites in recent years because of its intrinsic flexibility and excellent conductivity. Liquid metal is a room temperature liquid conductive material, which exhibits excellent stretchability and tunability due to its inherent high conductivity, fluidity, and ductility. Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites preparation and patterning techniques have been reported and many stretchable devices with excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties have been prepared. In view of the general structural characteristics of liquid metal-based stretchable composites, the key to the preparation is how to solve the interfacial non-impregnation problem caused by the physical property differences between different materials. Therefore, starting from the common types of composites, this paper firstly briefly introduces the components and physical properties of liquid metals generally used, as well as the stretchable polymer matrix materials usually employed. Then, the composite methods of conductive materials and elastomer materials in liquid metal-based electrodes are reviewed from the two ways of "passive" and "active" to deal with the problem of non-wetting at the interface, as well as the blending and dispersion method and the new modification method. Finally, the latest research progress is introduced, and the current status of liquid metal research is summarized.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Liquid metal-based flexible device material composition

    2.1 Liquid metal and its composite materials

    2.2 Flexible substrate material

    3 Preparation method of liquid metal-based flexible conductive composites

    3.1 Passive internal embedding method

    3.2 Active surface structure modification method

    3.3 Direct blending composite method

    3.4 New methods for the preparation and patterning of liquid metal electrodes

    4 Conclusion and outlook

  • Original article
    Advances in Chemical Depolymerization Research Based on PET Waste
    Haozhe Zhang, Wenlong Xu, Fansheng Meng, Qiang Zhao, Yingyun Qiao, Yuanyu Tian
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240512
    Accepted: 2024-09-22
    Abstract (300) HTML (292) Knowledge map Save Cited

    Plastic products represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have become an important part of modern life and global economy. In order to solve the resource waste and environmental problems caused by PET waste and to realize high-value recycling of materials, there is an urgent need to explore low-cost green and efficient conversion and recycling methods. Chemical depolymerization can deal with low-value, mixed, and contaminated plastics, recover polymer monomers through different chemical reactions or chemically upgrade and recycle to produce new products with high value-added, realizing the closed-loop recycling of plastic waste and high value-added applications,which is a key way to establish a circular polymer economy. This paper reviews the latest research progress of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste, analyzes the problems of chemical depolymerization technology of PET waste, and looks forward to the future development trend of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Chemical recovery methods

    2.1 Hydrolysis

    2.2 Alcoholysis

    2.3 Ammonolysis and aminolysis

    2.4 Supercritical depolymerization

    3 Conclusion and outlook

  • Original article
    Studies on Morphological Evolution of Atmospheric Black Carbon Particles
    KeXin Liu, ZhuoFei Du, Xin Gong, Hongjun Mao, JianFei Peng
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240510
    Accepted: 2024-09-22
    Abstract (74) HTML (75) Knowledge map Save Cited

    Black carbon (BC) particulate matter has significant light-absorbing capacity and is an important species contributing to haze pollution and global warming. However, quantitative studies of the light absorption capacity of black carbon (BC) have long been unable to reach a consensus affecting the accurate assessment of its environmental and climate effect. The morphological evolution of BC particles is the important factor affecting the light-absorbing capacity. However, the current literature review lacks a comprehensive summary of the characteristics and mechanisms involved in the evolution of BC micromorphology. This review summarizes the relevant studies on BC morphology evolution in recent years including the quantitative parameters of BC morphology, measurement and calculation methods of morphology parameters, the micromorphology evolution characteristics of BC during condensation process, phase separation process, coagulation process and evaporation process, and its evolution mechanism and main influencing factors. The evolution of the microphysical morphology of BC particles during different aging processes is the key to explaining the controversy over the light absorption of BC particles. However, there are still many uncertainties in the morphology evolution of BC core and the quantitative assessment of light absorption of complex-structured BC particles in these processes. Therefore, tracking the actual atmospheric BC morphology evolution, further investigating the effect of morphology evolution mechanism on the BC core collapse, and improving the models of BC light absorption and radiation will be the key research direction in the future.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Quantitative characterization parameters and related measurement instruments for morphology of BC particles

    2.1 Quantitative characterization parameters for morphology of BC particles

    2.2 Related measurement instruments for morphology of BC particles

    3 Morphological evolution characteristics and absorption effect of BC particles during different aging processes

    3.1 Condensation process

    3.2 Phase separation process

    3.3 Coagulation process

    3.4 Evaporation process

    4 Conclusion and prospect

  • Original article
    Oxidation Carbonylation Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with Carbon Monoxide/Oxygen
    Rong Fan, Yajing Li, Xiaona Hu, Ruiqi Zhang, Xi Liu, Dongshun Zhang, Zhuo Yi
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240327
    Accepted: 2024-09-22
    Abstract (73) HTML (3) Knowledge map Save Cited

    Oxidative carbonylation reactions are powerful methodologies for producing carbonyl derivatives, which show advantages such as wide source of raw materials and a diverse range of products. In recent years, with the concept of environmental protection deeply rooted, developing efficient and green oxidative carbonylation reactions with carbon monoxide and oxygen as reactants, attracts much interest in this field. The C(sp)-H bonds of terminal alkynes exhibit excellent reactivity in oxidative carbonylation reactions, which could form a series of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This review introduces the oxidative carbonylation reaction of terminal alkynes and their applications in total synthesis, including oxidative alkoxycarbonylation, oxidative aminocarbonylation, and oxidative carbonylation-cyclization, with the focus on the reaction mechanism of carbonylation and metal oxidation. Finally, the future development trends of this field are prospected.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Oxidative alkoxycarbonylation

    3 Oxidative aminocarbonylation

    4 Oxidative carbonylation-cyclization

    5 Application of oxidative carbonylation in total synthesis

    6 Conclusion and outlook

  • Original article
    Reductive Transformation of Perchlorate: Fundamentals and Applications
    Junhua Fang, Ruofan Li, Wenjun Zhang, Weixian Zhang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240324
    Accepted: 2024-09-22
    Abstract (59) HTML (52) Knowledge map Save Cited

    Perchlorate, a persistent inorganic pollutant in water, poses a global environmental challenge due to its high solubility, mobility, and stability, making it difficult to degrade in the environment. Contamination by perchlorate has become a worldwide environmental issue, as residues of perchlorate in surface water and groundwater enter food and drinking water through various pathways, posing potential health risks. Chemical and biological methods have been extensively studied for perchlorate removal, each with its unique advantages and challenges. This paper systematically summarizes the recent research progress in chemical and biological treatment technologies for removing perchlorate from water, elaborating on the mechanisms, influencing factors, and advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. Chemical degradation, catalytic reduction, and electrochemical reduction are effective methods for treating perchlorate pollution. Organic electron donors such as acetate, glycerol, ethanol, and methane, as well as inorganic electron donors such as hydrogen and elemental sulfur, are widely used in the biological degradation process of perchlorate. Chemical methods provide rapid reduction rates and convenient implementation, while biological methods offer environmentally friendly solutions and long-term sustainable potential. However, both methods have limitations. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore combined removal techniques that integrate chemical and biological methods to enhance the remediation efficiency of perchlorate pollution. This paper reviews the research progress of three combined removal techniques: adsorption-biological method, bio-electrochemical method, and chemical reduction-biological method. In addition, future research directions are discussed, including engineering implementation studies, materials and microbiology research, practical application studies, and in-depth exploration of perchlorate degradation mechanisms. These studies will provide important theoretical and practical guidance for the effective management of perchlorate pollution.

    Contents：

    1 Introduction

    2 Chemical degradation of perchlorate

    2.1 Chemical reduction

    2.2 Catalytic reduction

    2.3 Electrochemical reduction

    3 Biodegradation of perchlorate

    3.1 Organic electron donor

    3.2 Inorganic electron donor

    4 Combined methods for perchlorate degradation

    4.1 Adsorption-biological method

    4.2 Bio-electrochemical method

    4.3 Chemical reduction-biological method

    5 Summary and Outlook

  • Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of bio-based Cyclic Olefins
    Guangyu Pan, Xin Hu, Jie Yin, Yihuan Liu, Kai Guo, Ning Zhu
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240323
    Accepted: 2024-06-28
    Abstract (72) Knowledge map Save Cited
    The transformations of biomass into bio-based polymeric materials have attracted growing interest from chemistry and material engineering. Ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMP) of cyclic olefins have been identified as the powerful toolbox for synthesis of polyolefins containing double bonds. Recently, a series of novel cyclic olefins are designed by using bio-mass as the feedstock, and high-performance polyolefins are prepared via ROMP of biomass derived monomers. This review summaries the advances in conversions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, terpenes, vegetable oils, amino acids into norbornene derivatives, oxanorbornene derivatives, cyclooctene derivatives, and macrocyclic ole fins, etc. Synthesis and properties of bio-based polyolefins via ROMP of biomass derived monomers mentioned above are highlighted. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities are discussed with the aim to promote the development of bio-based polymeric materials.
  • Biomass-Based Ionic Thermoelectric Devices
    Sai Zheng, Xiaoyu Guan, Bingyuan Zhang, Yanxia Zhu, Dongping Li, Qingxin Han, Xuechuan Wang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240322
    Accepted: 2024-06-28
    Abstract (47) Knowledge map Save Cited
    The new ionic thermoelectric material based on biomass has the advantages of high ionic Seebeck coefficient, good flexibility, low cost, green biodegradability, etc., and has broad application prospects in the construction of safe, stable, and efficient flexible wearable thermoelectric devices. In this paper, the preparation methods, thermoelectric principles, and thermoelectric properties of ionic thermoelectric capacitors and ionic thermocells based on biomass materials such as cellulose and gelatin are reviewed, and its latest applications in wearable body heat collection devices, flexible temperature sensors, and self-driven human monitoring systems in the past five years. Combined with the current research, we further summarize the difficulties and shortcomings in the research of biomass-based ionic thermoelectric materials, as well as the difficulties and challenges facing the future promotion and application of biomass-based thermoelectric devices. Finally, we propose targeted solution ideas for the existing problems, providing important theoretical guidance and technical references for related research in this field.
  • Precision Detection of Tumor Small Extracellular Vesicles
    Huijing Wang, Die Sun, Ruiying Wang, Hui Zhang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240318
    Accepted: 2024-06-28
    Abstract (85) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Tumor small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are membranous vesicles, released by tumor cells, with a particle size less than 200 nm. They carry diverse biomolecular information on their surface and inside, participating in intercellular communication and recognized as one of the most crucial liquid biopsies for cancer. Because sEVs' surface contains a variety of proteins that can bind to corresponding antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers, quantitative detection of sEVs can be achieved through optical or electrochemical methods. However, due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of sEVs, relying on a single protein for recognition may lead to false positive or false negative signals. Therefore, accurate detection of tumor-derived sEVs requires simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers. Simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers can effectively address interference caused by phenotypic heterogeneity in sEVs and provide more accurate guidance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This paper focuses on the detection methods of sEVs based on surface proteins using fluorescence, colorimetry, electrochemical methods, and electrochemiluminescence techniques. It emphasizes the importance of achieving high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting sEVs through multi-protein multi-signal proportional output approaches, employing multi-protein logic gates and multi-protein proximity linking reactions.
  • Research on Construction of Three-Dimensional Current Collector for Stabling Lithium Metal Anodes
    Chenyang Li, Li Su, Qinglei Wang, Xuehui Shangguan, Lijun Gao, Faqiang Li
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240317
    Accepted: 2024-06-28
    Abstract (98) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Lithium metal is considered to be the most promising anode material owing to the extraordinary theoretical specific capacity and the lowest redox potential. However, lithium anodes suffer from many
  • Development of Protein Separation Membranes
    Junping Miao, Zhaoqian Zhang, Shaopeng Xin, Yunxia Hu
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240312
    Accepted: 2024-06-28
    Abstract (94) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Membrane separation technology has been intensively used in numerous applications such as seawater desalination, water treatment and reuse, fine separation and product concentration, biomedical treatment and so forth owing to its low operation temperature, easy operation process, modularity, and high separation efficiency. However, due to membrane materials, membrane structures, and membrane manufacturing technology, the trade-off behavior between the water flux and the rejection rate of conventional separation membranes has become a technical bottleneck. The preparation of high-performance separation membranes using proteins as membrane materials is expected to break the trade-off behavior of conventional separation membranes. Protein separation membrane works super-efficiently for the target separation and transport, as well as the antibacterial and antifouling properties, where an emerging membrane material of proteins can transport the solute due to their inherent specific water or ion channels, rich binding sites with metal ions, regular nanostructures or low-cost and multifunctional. In this review, the widely implemented membrane materials and fabrication strategies for protein separation membranes are summarized in detail, and the research progress of the various protein separation membranes is described. Furthermore, the challenges faced by protein separation membranes are comprehensively reviewed. This review provides some insights into the construction and prospect of protein separation membranes.
  • Progress on the degradation of antibiotics by ZVI/H2O2 Fenton-like technology
    Baizhou Lu, Zhanqiang Fang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240509
    Accepted: 2024-06-27
    Abstract (51) Knowledge map Save Cited
    ZVI/H2O2 Fenton-like technology overcomes some problems existing in the traditional homogeneous Fenton reaction, and can effectively remove antibiotics in water, which has good application potential. However, the degradation efficiency and mineralization rate of antibiotics in water by ZVI/H2O2 technology alone need to be improved. Therefore, researchers have adopted different strengthening measures to improve the deconta mination efficiency of ZVI/H2O2 technology and its mineralization rate of pollutants. In this paper, the research of antibiotics removal in water by ZVI/H2O2 technology was statistically analyzed. The main strengthening measures of ZVI/H2O2 technology and their effects on the system were summarized. The degradation efficiency, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of antibiotics in water by different strengthening measures combined with ZVI/H2O2 technology were described and analyzed. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future development of ZVI/H2O2 technology for the degradation of antibiotics in water, and puts forward relevant suggestions for further research work.
  • Recent Advances in Selective Oxidation of Glycerol to Lactic Acid over Noble Metal Catalysts
    Haodong Xie, Zunlong Hu, Haobin Wei, Sida Ge, Zixuan Wang, Yuming Zhang, Zhijie Wu
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC23114
    Accepted: 2024-05-14
    Abstract (149) Knowledge map Save Cited
    The problem of excess glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production has become more and more prominent, and the catalytic conversion of glycerol to high value-added chemicals is of great significant. In recent years, noble metal catalysts (Au, Pt, Pd, etc.) are often used to catalyze the conversion of glycerol to lactic acid, in which the improvement of lactic acid selectivity and catalyst stability are the key challenges for the catalysts. Here, we summarized the reaction mechanism of selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid over supported noble metal catalysts, revealing the role of different metal active sites. At the same time, the effects of metal particle size, support, and pH of reaction system on the reaction performance are discussed based on the structure and electronic properties of noble metal active sites. Also, the promotion role of metal and support strong interaction on the activation of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol was clarified. Finally, the main challenges and prospect for the selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid were clarified.
  • “Environmental Catalytic City”: Concept and Research Prospects
    Jinzhu Ma, Biwu Chu, Qingxin Ma, Guangzhi He, Qian Liu, Shuxiao Wang, Kebin He, Jincai Zhao, Hong He
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC24021
    Accepted: 2024-03-19
    Abstract (199) PDF (206) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Air pollution is a major challenge for the improvement of urban environmental quality. The process of urbanization is an important cause of highly complex air pollution, on the other hand it also provides artificial reinforcement conditions for self-purification of air pollutants in cities. "Environmental catalytic city" refers to the spontaneous catalytic purification of low concentration gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere by catalytic materials coating on the artificial surfaces, such as building surfaces in the city under natural photothermal conditions. "Environmental catalytic city" is of great significance for the control of complex air pollution without additional energy consumption, the continuous improvement of indoor and outdoor air quality, and the scheme and construction of " self-purifying city". Here, we propose the concept of “environmental catalytic city”, and discuss its further improvement, development, and application.
  • Preparation of lignocellulosic aerogel and its flame retardant modification
    Shuang Wang, Xin Zhang, Miao Sun, Hongjuan Duan, Haijun Zhang, Shaoping Li
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC230813a
    Accepted: 2024-03-13
    Abstract (170) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Lignocellulose aerogels possess excellent properties of low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity and so on, making them widely utilized in thermal insulation, adsorption, catalysis, electromagnetic shielding, biomedical and other fields. Moreover, as a bio-based material, lignocellulose is a green, pollution-free, renewable, and sustainable material. In this paper, the latest research progress of wood-based cellulose and agricultural waste-based cellulose aerogels are reviewed. Then the current research status of lignocellulose aerogel preparation methods including freeze-drying, supercritical drying, and atmospheric drying, is summarized. In addition, for the flammability issues commonly found in lignocellulose aerogels, commonly used methods to improve the flame retardancy of lignocellulose aerogels are discussed in detail. Finally, this paper concludes the main problems in lignocellulose aerogel preparation methods and properties, and the future development direction in this field is proposed.
  • High Voltage Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
    Qimeng Ren, Yinwen Li, Xuesheng Song, Xuehui Shangguan, Qinglei Wang, Faqiang Li
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC221132
    Accepted: 2023-04-28
    Abstract (285) Knowledge map Save Cited
    With the proposal of "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutral" strategic objectives, developing clean energy and promoting the development of new energy industry has become the consensus of the whole society. Lithium battery as the candidates for new generation of energy storage equipment due to its remarkable advantages such as high energy density, high power density, high safety, long cycle life and environmental protection. Its development plays a significant role in alleviating energy crisis, driving the conversion of old kinetic energy into new and achieving the strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". In order to further improve the energy density of lithium batteries, the most effective strategy is to use high voltage or high specific capacity cathode materials. However, due to the low oxidation stability and narrow electrochemical window of traditional carbonate ester electrolytes, they are prone to oxidative decomposition when the working voltage exceeds 4.2 V, which cannot be cycled stably at high voltages, so it is particularly important to broaden the electrochemical window of electrolytes. This paper mainly discusses the mechanism of organic solvents and additives in high-voltage electrolytes and explores effective methods to broaden the electrochemical window of new electrolytes, summarizes the characteristics of aqueous electrolytes, solid electrolytes, and polymer gel electrolytes, finally, summarizes and outlooks the future development and prospects of high-voltage electrolytes, this provides scientific basis for the design and development of high-voltage electrolytes for lithium batteries.
  • Fabrication Strategies to Self-healing Silicone Materials
    Juan Ye, Ziqian Lin, Weijian Li, Hongping Xiang, Minzhi Rong, Mingqiu Zhang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC220543
    Accepted: 2022-09-19
    Abstract (664) Knowledge map Save Cited
    In recent years, inspired by the natural phenomenon that the living organism can automatically repair its damaged skin and bone via itself metabolism, researchers have successfully developed self-healing materials that can self-heal their microcracks. The self-healing of materials can effectively extend the service life of materials, improve working stability and thus reduce the waste of resources. Recently, the self-healable silicone materials originated from the synergistic combination of self-healing function and good properties of silicone materials, have become a research focus in functional materials. Furthermore, since the external stimuli such as UV irradiation, temperature and solvent are the external driving force for materials to fulfill self-healability, and affect largely the self-healing efficiency. More importantly, different stimuli have different advantages and disadvantages, and application fields. Therefore, this study aims to summarize and analyze the research progress of external and intrinsic self-healing silicone materials especially in the past five years according to their external stimuli. The intrinsically self-healing silicone materials that contain different dynamic polysiloxane crosslinking networks activated by different external stimuli, are emphatically discussed. Additionally, a brief prospect for the future development of self-healing silicone materials is also provided.
  • Condensed Matter and Chemical Reactions in Hydrothermal Systems*
    Lu-Sha Gao, Jing-Wen Li, Hui Zong, Qian-Yu Liu, Fan-Sheng Hu, Jie-Sheng Chen
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC220326
    Accepted: 2022-04-01
    Abstract (363) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Water is a clean, safe, environmentally benign chemical reaction medium. Understanding the properties of water and the chemical processes in hydrothermal systems is of vital significance in the research of condensed matter chemistry. The physicochemical features of water under hydrothermal conditions greatly differ from that under normal condition, and thus the hydrothermal technique has been extended to much broader systems. In this review article, we introduce the structures of water and its clusters, the variation of their properties along with conditions, and relevant condensed matters in hydrothermal systems. We also illustrate the hydrothermal chemistry through discussing the preparation of typical materials through hydrothermal methods, hydrothermal organic reactions, and bio-hydrothermal chemistry. By relating condensed matter and hydrothermal chemistry, we hope this review will offer new ideas for comprehending hydrothermal reaction systems from the angle of condensed matter chemistry.
  • Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by Hydrogen over Noble Metal Catalysts*
    Bin Jia, Xiaolei Li u, Zhiming Liu
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC210920
    Accepted: 2022-04-01
    Abstract (113) Knowledge map Save Cited
    The control of NOx is very important for the air quality improvement. Selective catalytic reduction of NOx by hydrogen (H2-SCR) has attracted much attention as an efficient and environmentally benign deNOx technology. In this review we have summarized the research development in the H2-SCR of NOx over noble metal catalysts. The typical H2-SCR reaction mechanisms are introduced first. Then the factors affecting the H2-SCR performance of noble metal catalysts, such as the active metal, support type, the added promoter and the nature of active metal, and the structure-activity relationship have been discussed. Finally, the challenges and the prospects for future development of H2-SCR catalyst are proposed.
  • The application of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for tumor targeted therapy*
    Haidi Feng, Lu Zhao, Yunfeng Bai, Feng Feng
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC211008
    Accepted: 2022-04-01
    Abstract (228) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a kind of porous coordination polymers formed by the assembly of metal ions and organic ligands, exhibit excellent advantages as a nanocarrier, such as easy modification, high drug loading as well as controllable drug release. The diversities of metal ions and organic ligands lead to the diversities of MOFs, which make them wide application in many fields such as storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, biomedical application and others. With high porosity, versatile MOFs allow for the facile encapsulation of various therapeutic agents with exceptionally high payloads. Especially when the particle size of MOFs is controlled down to the nanometer level, named nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs), they exhibit a series of structural advantages. Based on the above advantages, NMOFs exhibit excellent application prospects for drug delivery and cancer therapy. NMOFs can be used as therapeutic agents, as well as nanocarriers of drug, photothermal agents, photosensitizers and Fenton reaction catalysis to using passive targeting, active targeting, physicochemical targeting, or combination of the three. The review focuses on the application of chemotherapy (CT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and various combination therapies. Finally, we will elaborate the current challenges and future development prospects of NMOFs in cancer application.
  • Analysis of Mineral Phases in Heavy-Metal Hazardous Waste under the Interdisciplinary Scope of Data Science and Chemistry
    Le Lin, Xueming Liu, Yanjie Liang, Wenbin Xu, Yin Li, Zhang Lin
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC211120
    Accepted: 2021-12-27
    Abstract (1469) Knowledge map Save Cited
    China has the largest amount of heavy-metal hazardous waste (HMHW) in the world, up to tens of millions of tons per year. It poses a great threat to the environment, once being improperly contained will lead to severe environmental safety accidents. Therefore, its treatment and disposal have been the worldwide problem in the field of environment. At present, resource recovery based on mineral phase regulation is one of the most potential solution to this problem. However, heavy-metal hazardous waste is originated from wide range of sources with diverse mineral phases and structure, which impedes the development of universal recovery technology. This review takes the hazardous wastes listed in the Chinese “National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes” as the research object, and systematically analyzes their mineral phases under the interdisciplinary scope of data science and chemistry. It summarizes the common mineral phases prevailing in HMHWs, and constructs a mapping of heavy metals and mineral phases in HMHWs at an industry-wide scale. Moreover, it introduces two analytic methods to quantify distribution of heavy metals on mineral phases, and clarifies the host mineral phases of typical HMHWs. Finally, broad prospect in promoting technology innovation of treatment and disposal with new knowledge of HMHWs mineral phases is proposed.
  • Application of Nanotechnology for Virus Inactivation in Water: Implications for Transmission-Blocking of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC200205
    Accepted: 2021-05-25
    Abstract (1000) Knowledge map Save Cited
    The novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic (COVID-19) brought a serious threat to the development of human society and the health of human beings. Due to the stability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in urban sewage, which has become one of the virus pollution sources, it has been focused on how to eliminate the existing virus in water. SARS-CoV-2 structurally consists of RNA chains and protein capsids, and thus can be inactivated via reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack. Moreover, block of biochemical metabolism and destruction of virus structure are also effective inactivation methods for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. Nanomaterials exhibit surface and interface effects, specific microstructure and excellent physicochemical properties, implying their high application potential in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. In this study, we overall review application of nanotechnologies for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation, including photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, ion toxicity induced inactivation, and structural effects inactivation method. Furthermore, based on the structural composition, as well as survival and transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in water environment, the application potential of various nanotechnologies for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation are deeply discussed. This study can provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the application of nanotechnology for the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation and the secondary transmission interruption in water.
  • Research Progress on the Pt-based Electrocatalysts with Special Three-dimensional Morphology or Nanostructure
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC200218
    Accepted: 2021-05-25
    Abstract (566) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Fuel cell technology and its industrialization have been developed rapidly in China in recent years. However, the high cost of the fuel cell caused mainly by the using of precious Pt catalysts is still one of the most important factors restricting the development of fuel cell commercialization. It is of great significance to develop low Pt catalysts with much higher catalytic efficiency and lower Pt loadings. In recent years, Pt-based catalysts with three-dimensional morphology or nanostructure have been emerged as a type of ultra-important low Pt catalysts, due to their special morphologies/structures, their catalytic activity are usually much higher than that of the widely used Pt/C catalysts. In this paper, the research progress of Pt-based catalysts with special three-dimensional morphology (such as nanoframe structure, flower-like structure, nanocage structure, sea urchin structure, etc.) and their applications in fuel cells are reviewed, meanwhile, some weaknesses and challenges of these catalysts are concluded; Furthermore, the future development and application of these catalysts are prospected.
  • Research on Application of Activatable Organic Photoacoustic Contrast Agents
    Jiawei Liu, Jing Wang, Qi Wang, Quli Fan, Wei Huang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC200720
    Accepted: 2020-12-28
    Abstract (600) Knowledge map Save Cited
    Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, as a new type of imaging technique that offers strong optical absorption contrast and high ultrasonic resolution, shows great application prospects in the early disease diagnosis for its characteristics of deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution. However, traditional "always on" PA contrast agents have many disadvantages such as low signal-to-noise ratio, poor selectivity and specificity. In contrast, activatable PA contrast agents, where the imaging signal can be changed in response to pathologic parameters, have shown decreased background signal and improved selectivity and specificity in early disease detection. Moreover, these contrast agents can obtain pathological parameters and information of various diseases at the molecular level by rational design to their structures, providing important guidelines for the optimization of treatment options. Therefore, activatable PA contrast agents hold greater promise in clinical practice than traditional "always on" PA contrast agents. In this review, we describe the recent advances in the development of activatable PA contrast agents. The design mechanisms and proof-of-concept applications of these activatable PA contrast agents are summarized in detail. The use of these activatable probes to detect different pathologic parameters (such as metal ions, enzymes, reactive nitrogen and reactive oxygen) is highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in this emerging field are also analyzed.
  • Application of Biomass Fiber Derived Carbon in Cathode for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
    Wenchen Ren, Zhihua Cui, Wentao Wang, Bingtao Tang
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC200629
    Accepted: 2020-12-22
    Abstract (1029) Knowledge map Save Cited
    The elemental sulfur as an active cathode material in lithium sulfur batteries possess a high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh/kg, which is 5~6 times higher than that of traditional Li-ion batteries. Thus, the use of lithium sulfur batteries can significantly prolong the endurance mileage of electric cars and working time of electronic products. However, lithium sulfur batteries are suffering from the dissolution of polysulfide in the electrolyte during charging and discharging process, which can cause dramatic loss of active materials in the cathode. In order to suppress the problem of polysulfide dissolution, strategies such as porous modification and polarization were applied to increase the sulfiphilicity of cathode host. The biomass fibers are natural nanomaterial source to obtain cathode host materials which typically possess natural abundant hierarchical pores and heteroatoms. The porosity and heteroatom doping properties of biomass fiber derived host materials can be used to trap polysulfide via chemical and physical adsorption in cathode. The application of such materials in cathode are beneficial for slowing down the decay rate of cycling stability in lithium sulfur batteries. This review provides an overview and discussion on the application, working mechanism, problems and prospects of the biomass fibers derived cathode host for lithium sulfur batteries.
  • Research and Prospect of Selective Oxidation of HMF
    Lili Cheng, Yun Zhang, Yekun Zhu, Ying Wu
    Progress in Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC200441
    Accepted: 2020-10-15
    Abstract (2543) Knowledge map Save Cited
    In recent years,the use of abundant and renewable biomass resources to prepare high value-added chemicals and liquid fuels is one of the hot spots in the chemical research field,which is in line with the national strategy of sustainable development. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)is one of the key biomass platform compounds,widely used in the preparation of fine platform compounds,drug intermediates,polymer synthesis and liquid fuel precursor. Therefore,the selective oxidation of HMF has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of biomass. This paper mainly introduces the research on preparation of biomass derivatives such as DFF,FFCA and FDCA by selective oxidation of HMF in last five years,and the transformation of biomass with HMF as intermediate. The selective oxidation of HMF mainly focuses on two ways:thermalcatalytic and photocatalytic. Among them,the selective oxidation of HMF to DFF and FDCA by thermalcatalytic is widely studied. The catalytic system under this approach mainly introduces the noble metals and non-precious metals. In the few photocatalytic pathways,the main catalytic system is g-C3N4 catalyst. In addition,the deficiencies in there search on the oxidation of HMF are pointed out and the possible solutions are proposed.