Solar energy is the energy source for all life on Earth, and its efficient conversion is of great significance for solving the global energy crises and environmental issues. Inspired by the natural photosynthesis, researchers have recently developed whole-cell biohybrids based on semiconductors and microorganisms by integrating the excellent light absorption ability of photosensitizer semiconductors and the efficient biocatalysis ability of whole-cell microbes. The development of whole-cell biohybrids aims to realize the efficient solar-to-chemical production in a green and low-carbon pathway. This review clarifies the operation principle and advantages of whole-cell biohybrids, and the properties of photosensitizer semiconductors are summarized, including the band structure, excitation wavelength and quantum yield. Moreover, this work innovatively concludes the construction mechanisms of whole-cell biohybrids and the electron transfer mechanisms in the interface between semiconductor and microbe. Moreover, the advanced progresses of whole-cell biohybrids are reviewed, such as high value conversion of carbon dioxide, artificial nitrogen fixation, hydrogen production as well as pollutants removal and recovery. Finally, the environmental impacts and challenges of whole-cell biohybrids are discussed and the perspectives for the development of whole-cell biohybrids are proposed. This article is expected to provide fundamental insights for the further development and actual application of whole-cell biohybrids.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Principles and advantages of whole-cell biohybrids

3 Types of photosensitizers in whole-cell biohybrids

3.1 Inorganic semiconductors

3.2 Organic semiconductors

4 Construction mechanisms of whole-cell biohybrids

5 Advanced application progresses of whole-cell biohybrids

5.1 High-value conversion of CO₂

5.2 Artificial nitrogen fixation

5.3 Hydrogen production

5.4 Pollutants removal and resource recovery

6 The environmental impacts and challenges in whole-cell biohybrids

7 Conclusion and outlook

In the realm of two-dimensional nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP) is considered a promising candidate to address the shortcomings of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Low-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) refers to a class of nanomaterials derived from the layered semiconductor BP. These materials exhibit high structural anisotropy, tunable bandgap widths, and high hole and electron mobility, endowing BP with unique properties such as conductivity, photothermal, photodynamic, and mechanical behaviors. BP's near-infrared light response significantly enhances its effectiveness in photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial applications. Additionally, due to its unique layered structure, BP nanosheets (BPNS) possess a high surface-to-volume ratio, making them excellent carriers for loading and delivering other antimicrobial nanomaterials or drugs. This article discusses the physical properties of low-dimensional BP and introduces various preparation methods. Furthermore, it systematically reviews exciting therapeutic applications of polymer-modified black phosphorus nanomaterials in various fields, such as cancer treatment (phototherapy, drug delivery, and synergistic immunotherapy), bone regeneration, and neurogenesis. Finally, the paper discusses some challenges facing future clinical trials and potential directions for further research.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Preparation methods of BPNs

2.1 Mechanical exfoliation

2.2 Ultrasonication-assisted liquid exfoliation

2.3 Electrochemical exfoliation

2.4 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)

2.5 Hydro/solvothermal synthesis

3 Structure and properties of BPNs

3.1 Structure of BPNs

3.2 Properties of BPNs

4 Biomedical application

4.1 Disease diagnosis

4.2 Therapeutic strategies

5 Conclusion and outlook

To advance the development of high-performance organic solar cells, in recent years, the academic community has conducted in-depth research on the design of non-fullerene acceptor materials and the interplay between their structure and properties. Structural modifications of these materials involve optimization of the core structure, side chain engineering, expansion of the conjugated system, and doping with heteroatoms. Focusing on sulfur, due to its outstanding semiconducting properties, it is widely used in the manufacturing of electronic materials and semiconductor devices, especially in the field of organic solar cells. Selenium, as a homologous element of sulfur, not only shares similar chemical and physical properties but also possesses unique characteristics. For instance, compared to sulfur, selenium has a larger atomic radius, which provides additional space within molecules, facilitating charge transfer and improving electron distribution. Moreover, due to its greater mass, selenium atoms have lower vibrational frequencies, a characteristic that enhances light absorption capabilities within the visible spectrum. Therefore, the introduction of selenium atoms is considered a potential approach to enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells. This review focuses on the impact of the position and ratio of selenium atoms in condensed-ring electron acceptors (such as ITIC and Y6 derivatives) and certain non-condensed ring acceptors on their photovoltaic performance. It also discusses the synergistic effect of selenium atom substitution with other optimization strategies and its comprehensive impact on the performance of various types of organic solar cells (including small molecule, polymer, and all-polymer solar cells).

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Research on the Regulation of Photovoltaic Performance by Selenophenes for Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors with Condensed Rings

2.1 Research on the regulation of photovoltaic performance by selenophenes for ITIC series acceptor materials

2.2 Research on the regulation of photovoltaic performance by selenophenes for Y series acceptor materials

2.3 Research on the regulation of photovoltaic performance by selenophenes for Y series polymer materials

2.4 Research on the regulation of photovoltaic performance by selenophenes for other types of acceptor materials

3 Research on the Regulation of photovoltaic Performance by Selenophenes for Non-Condensed Ring Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors

4 Conclusion and outlook

The exceptional waterproof and oil-repellent properties of fluorides, attributed to their remarkably low surface energy, have rendered them extensively employed in the realm of functional finishing. However, the use of fluorine presents potential hazards to human health and engenders irreversible harm to the environment. Consequently, it is progressively being regulated by nations, and discovering alternatives without fluorine has emerged as an imperative concern that necessitates immediate attention in the fields of waterproofing and anti-fouling. To clarify the definition of the fluorine-free materials with oil-repellent property and explore their potential applications in the field of chemistry, the research background of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property was described, along with a comprehensive review and evaluation of recent achievements and preparation methods. Furthermore, the mechanism of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property was analyzed, and the application status of fluorine-free coating with oil-repellent property in textiles, construction, food, liquid treatment and other fields was summarized. Additionally, an analysis of the current challenges in ongoing research process of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property was provided. Finally, a prospective outlook on the future of green and environmentally-friendly fluorine-free surface technology was prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Properties and characteristics of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property

3 Preparation strategy of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property

3.1 Solid fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property

3.2 Liquid fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property

3.3 “liquid-like” fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property

4 Application of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property

5 Conclusion and outlook

Solar photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting holds significant importance for the development of sustainable green energy. With ongoing research, the BiVO₄ photoanode, a core component of PEC systems, faces challenges in scaling up and maintaining long-term stability. The superiority of fully conformal coating strategies lies in their lack of substrate size constraints, ability to suppress photo-corrosion of the BiVO₄ semiconductor, creation of multifunctional interfaces, and potential synergistic action with heterojunctions and promoter catalysts, which may facilitate the stable operation of large-scale PEC water splitting devices for over 1000 hours. This review briefly introduces the basic principles of PEC water splitting and the development status of representative devices, elaborates on the important concept and main design principles of fully conformal coatings aimed at large-scale photoanodes, summarizes recent advances in materials capable of achieving fully conformal deposition coatings, including molecular catalysts, metal oxides/hydroxides, carbonized/sulfurized/phosphorized materials, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and discusses key characteristics of fully conformal coatings with greater development potential. Finally, it presents a prospective view on future trends in fully conformal coatings for BiVO₄ photoanodes.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Fundamentals of PEC water splitting and develop- ment status of PEC device

3 Basic principles of fully conformal coating strategy

3.1 Fully conformal coating and its importance

3.2 Primary design principles of fully conformal coating

4 Recent progress of fully conformal coating strategy

4.1 Molecular catalyst

4.2 Metal oxides/hydroxides

4.3 Carbide/Sulfide/Phosphide

4.4 Metal-organic framework

5 Conclusion and outlook

The visible light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives is a novel, efficient, and green synthetic method. It allows the construction of various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds for the synthesis of a wide range of high-value-added chemicals, making it a hot topic in the field of modern synthetic chemistry. In recent years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive studies in this area, achieving a series of innovative results that have been widely applied in organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. This paper reviews the latest experimental and theoretical advances in the visible light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, with a focus on several typical cross-coupling reactions that form C−X (X = C, N, O, S) bonds. It also discusses the future development prospects of this catalytic method.

1 Introduction

2 Mechanism of photocatalyst and copper complex co-catalysis

3 Photocatalyst and copper complex co-catalyzed carboxylic acid (ester) decarboxylative coupling reactions

3.1 C−C coupling

3.2 C−N coupling

3.3 C−O coupling

3.4 C−S coupling

4 Conclusion and outlook

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ into value-added chemicals is a research hotspot in recent years, among which electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to CO is an industrial-related potential route. Among the electrocatalysts, metal macrocyclic molecular catalysts have attracted much attention due to their functional structure diversity, high conjugation structure, high chemical stability and great potential in electrochemical research. Herein, this paper reviews introduces several main metal macrocyclic molecular catalysts, related reaction mechanism and development progress. As to the problems of their low electrical conductivity and unstability under long term operation, the main strategies of heterogeneous system on catalytic activity and stability were thoroughly discussed, including the introduction of the conductive carrier with high surface areas via non-covalence or covalence connection, building the polycondensation/ polymerization or COF skeleton structure, modification of functional group with different effect. Finally, the challenges of catalytic activity and stability were analyzed and solving strategies were proposed, focusing on heterogeneous catalysts design, optimization of electrolyzer, and machine learning.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Development history of metal macrocyclic molecular catalysts for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction

3 Research on metal macrocyclic molecular catalysts and related catalytic mechanism

4 Regulation of the activity and stability of CO₂RR electrocatalyzed by metal macrocyclic molecular catalysts

4.1 Immobilization of a conductive carrier with a high surface area

4.2 Periodic skeleton structure formation

4.3 Combination with functional groups

5 Conclusion and prospect

Pseudo-protein materials have the advantages of high biocompatibility, biodegradable, and high tunability, and have attracted wide attention in the biomedical field as a drug carrier in recent years. Pseudo-protein molecules contain amide bond, ester bond and other active groups, compared with protein, not only retained the advantages of high tissue compatibility, and ester bond and other active groups to overcome the disadvantages of single protein structure, single function, make it have better mechanical properties and functionality, according to the actual demand for diversified morphology design and surface modification. The pseudo-protein drug carriers constructed by various methods such as self-assembly not only enhances the bioavailability of the drug in vivo, but also makes the pseudo-protein drug carriers show ideal targeted controlled release performance with the help of specific signals at the focus. This paper focuses on the pseudo-protein drug delivery materials, introduces the construction and loading mode of pseudo-protein drug carriers, and summarizes the targeted release strategy of pseudo-protein drug carrier, and finally makes the prospect of pseudo-protein in the direction of controlled drug release, so as to provide reference for the subsequent research of pseudo-protein drug carriers.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Construction of pseudo-protein drug carriers

2.1 The pseudo-protein itself constructs the drug carrier

2.2 Pseudo-protein with other substances to construct the drug carriers

3 Drug loading mode of pseudo-protein drug carrier

3.1 Physical coating

3.2 Preparation of sudden-release microcapsules

3.3 Chemical bonding

4 Targeted release of pseudo-protein drug carriers

4.1 Passive targeting

4.2 Active targeting

4.3 Stimulus-responsive targeting

Bifunctional small molecules are a sort of small molecules that engage multiple targets. They are subdivided to two categories: bifunctional small molecules with linkers and without linkers. Targeted protein degradation(TPD) is a currently emerging strategy hijacking cellular protein degradation systems, namely ubiquitin-proteasomal system and lysosomal system, to induce the degradation of targeted protein for drug development. Distinct from the traditional mechanism of action based on inhibition, TPD inhibits the function of targeted protein through targeted clearance, thus is advantageous in long-term inhibition and targeting undruggable proteins. With unique mechanism of action, bifunctional small molecules are capable of binding degradation-associated protein and targeted protein simultaneously, therefore used widely in the realm of TPD. This review summarizes the recent development of bifunctional molecules in TPD. Proteolysis targeting chimeras(PROTACs), molecular degraders of extracellular proteins through the asialoglycoprotein receptors (MoDE-As), and autophagy targeting chimeras(AUTACs) which based on bifunctional small molecules with linkers, and molecular glue degraders(MGDs) and autophagosome-tethering compounds(ATTECs) which based on bifunctional small molecules without linkers are introduced, with their clinical application highlighted. Finally, the challenges that the two categories of bifunctional small molecules respectively face in the realm of TPD as well as prospects and suggestions for their development are proposed.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Bifunctional small molecules with linkers for TPD

2.1 PROTACs

2.2 AUTACs

2.3 MoDE-As

2.4 Challenges for bifunctional small molecules with linkers in TPD

3 Bifunctional small molecules with linkers for TPD

3.1 MGDs

3.2 ATTECs

3.3 Rational design strategy for bifunctional small molecules without linkers

4 Conclusion and outlook

Micro- and nano-plastic pollution is affecting global terrestrial ecosystems. The environmental processes and ecological effects of micro- and nano-plastics in soil-plant systems are receiving increasing attention. This study focuses on elucidating processes such as accumulation and transport, weathering and degradation, additive release and transformation, pollutant interaction, biofilm colonization, heterogeneous agglomeration, and uptake and transport of micro- and nano-plastics in flora and fauna. It systematically introduces the impacts on the physico-chemical properties, plants, invertebrates, microbial community composition and diversity and carbon/nitrogen cycling in soil, as well as the potential risks to the agricultural products accumulation and food chain transfer. Future research directions in this field are proposed, aiming to provide a reference for advancing understanding of the hazards posed by micro- and nano-plastics pollution in terrestrial ecosystems and for the scientific formulation of prevention and control strategies.

As public concern regarding the safety of drinking water continues to grow, microplastics and antibiotics have emerged as new contaminants of interest within the field of water treatment. Microplastics and antibiotics not only pollute aquatic environments and endanger both aquatic life and human health, but their coexistence in water can also lead to physical and chemical interactions, such as adsorption. These interactions are influenced by various factors, including the morphology, functional groups, and aging degree of microplastics, as well as the pH, temperature, salinity, heavy metal ions, and organic macromolecules in the water. The resulting microplastic-antibiotic complex pollutants exhibit greater toxicity and are more challenging to remove. This review discusses the hazards of microplastics and antibiotics in water, their interaction mechanisms, and influencing factors. It also highlights the removal characteristics of complex pollutants using two typical water treatment technologies: coagulation and advanced oxidation. The principles and degradation effects of these treatment processes are analyzed in detail.

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution has become a serious environmental issue. MNPs can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, raising significant concerns about their potential risks to the nervous system. This paper reviews the studies on the neurotoxic effects of MNPs in terrestrial mammals, focusing on their possible toxic mechanisms. Studies have shown that MNPs can cause damage to the nervous system by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the impact of MNPs on the gut-brain axis is considered a crucial mechanism leading to neurotoxicity. Despite current progress, there are still insufficient data and incomplete understanding of the neurotoxic mechanisms involved. Future research should enhance epidemiological studies on MNP exposure, develop more suitable experimental models, investigate the health effects of different types of MNPs, explore their mechanisms in greater depth, and comprehensively assess various influencing factors. These efforts will provide essential insights for a more thorough understanding of the impact of MNPs on human health.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Human exposure to MNPs

2.1 Routes of human exposure to MNPs

2.2 Detection of MNPs in human tissues and organs

3 Neurotoxic effects of MNPs

3.1 Cognitive impairment

3.2 Behavioral abnormalities

3.3 Neurodevelopmental toxicity

3.4 Alterations in brain structure

3.5 Combined neurotoxic effects of MNPs and other environmental pollutants

4 Mechanisms of toxicity

4.1 Oxidative stress

4.2 Neuroinflammation

4.3 Mitochondrial dysfunction

4.4 Synaptic function and neurotransmitter balance

4.5 Gut-brain axis mechanism

5 Conclusion and outlook

Due to the highly stable chemical properties of plastics, plastic wastes disposed into environments are difficult to degrade and can only be broken down into microplastics with smaller particle size and larger surface area through the weathering process. Microplastic pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental issues. There is an urgent need to reduce microplastic pollution in order to protect the ecological and human health. Biodegradation of microplastics can ultimately convert microplastics into environmentally friendly substances such as biomass, CO₂, CH₄ and H₂O or other valuable intermediates. It is thus an environmentally friendly technology to potentially make microplastics harmless and resourceful. This paper reviews the present understanding of microplastics biodegradation processes, the influencing factors, the microbial and enzymatic resources for microplastics degradation, and the up-to-date approaches for mining plastics-degrading microbial resources. It finally provides perspectives on the challenges of current research and the direction of future research on microplastic biodegradation.

Compared to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have greater advantages in terms of resources, cost, safety, power performance, low-temperature performance and so on. However, the energy density of sodium-ion batteries is relatively low. To explore broader application prospects, the development of high specific energy sodium batteries has become a research hotspot in both academia and industry. The anode is considered the key bottleneck constraining the development of the sodium battery industry due to limitations such as the inability of graphite to serve as sodium anodes and the high cost, low Coulombic efficiency, and poor kinetics of mainstream hard carbon materials. In recent years, anode-free sodium batteries (AFSBs) have garnered widespread attention due to their advantages in energy density, process safety, and overall battery cost. However, AFSBs generally show rapid capacity loss owing to the rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, increased chemical side reactions, serious dendrite growth and the formation of dead sodium. As the AFSBs operate, active sodium is continuously consumed without additional metallic sodium to replenish it, leading to poor cycling performance and failure of AFSBs. These issues can be attributed to the following characteristics: the high reactivity of sodium, non-uniform nucleation and huge volume expansion. To elucidates the strategies of promoting dendrite-free growth on the anode side of AFSBs, this review focuses on the current collector-sodium interface and sodium-electrolyte interface, including the design of sodiophilic coatings, porous skeleton structure to regulate the sodium nucleation process, and the construction of robust SEI interface, which further guides the homogeneous sodium deposition and stripping process. This comprehensive review is expected to draw more attention to anode-free configurations and bring new inspiration to the design of high specific energy batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Factors affecting sodium deposition on the anode side

2.1 High reactivity of sodium

2.2 Inhomogeneous sodium deposition

2.3 Volumetric deformations

3 Critical differences between sodium and lithium

4 Interface design principles and strategies

4.1 Design principles

4.2 Homogeneous nucleation regulation at the current collector-sodium interface

4.3 Formation of robust SEI at the sodium-electrolyte interface

5 Conclusions and prospects

Black carbon (BC) particulate matter has significant light-absorbing capacity and is an important species contributing to haze pollution and global warming. However, quantitative studies of the light absorption capacity of black carbon (BC) have long been unable to reach a consensus affecting the accurate assessment of its environmental and climate effect. The morphological evolution of BC particles is the important factor affecting the light-absorbing capacity. However, the current literature review lacks a comprehensive summary of the characteristics and mechanisms involved in the evolution of BC micromorphology. This review summarizes the relevant studies on BC morphology evolution in recent years including the quantitative parameters of BC morphology, measurement and calculation methods of morphology parameters, the micromorphology evolution characteristics of BC during condensation process, phase separation process, coagulation process and evaporation process, and its evolution mechanism and main influencing factors. The evolution of the microphysical morphology of BC particles during different aging processes is the key to explaining the controversy over the light absorption of BC particles. However, there are still many uncertainties in the morphology evolution of BC core and the quantitative assessment of light absorption of complex-structured BC particles in these processes. Therefore, tracking the actual atmospheric BC morphology evolution, further investigating the effect of morphology evolution mechanism on the BC core collapse, and improving the models of BC light absorption and radiation will be the key research direction in the future.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Quantitative characterization parameters and related measurement instruments for morphology of BC particles

2.1 Quantitative characterization parameters for morphology of BC particles

2.2 Related measurement instruments for morphology of BC particles

3 Morphological evolution characteristics and absorption effect of BC particles during different aging processes

3.1 Condensation process

3.2 Phase separation process

3.3 Coagulation process

3.4 Evaporation process

4 Conclusion and prospect

Membrane separation technology has been intensively used in numerous applications such as seawater desalination, water treatment and reuse, fine separation and product concentration, biomedical treatment and so forth owing to its low operation temperature, easy operation process, modularity, and high separation efficiency. However, due to membrane materials, membrane structures, and membrane manufacturing technology, the trade-off behavior between the water flux and the rejection rate of conventional separation membranes has become a technical bottleneck. The preparation of high-performance separation membranes using proteins as membrane materials is expected to break the trade-off behavior of conventional separation membranes. Protein separation membrane works super-efficiently for the target separation and transport, as well as the antibacterial and antifouling properties, where an emerging membrane material of proteins can transport the solute due to their inherent specific water or ion channels, rich binding sites with metal ions, regular nanostructures or low-cost and multifunctional. In this review, the widely implemented membrane materials and fabrication strategies for protein separation membranes are summarized in detail, and the research progress of the various protein separation membranes is described. Furthermore, the challenges faced by protein separation membranes are comprehensively reviewed. This review provides some insights into the construction and prospect of protein separation membranes.

ZVI/H₂O₂ Fenton-like technology overcomes some problems existing in the traditional homogeneous Fenton reaction, and can effectively remove antibiotics in water, which has good application potential. However, the degradation efficiency and mineralization rate of antibiotics in water by ZVI/H₂O₂ technology alone need to be improved. Therefore, researchers have adopted different strengthening measures to improve the deconta mination efficiency of ZVI/H₂O₂ technology and its mineralization rate of pollutants. In this paper, the research of antibiotics removal in water by ZVI/H₂O₂ technology was statistically analyzed. The main strengthening measures of ZVI/H₂O₂ technology and their effects on the system were summarized. The degradation efficiency, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of antibiotics in water by different strengthening measures combined with ZVI/H₂O₂ technology were described and analyzed. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future development of ZVI/H₂O₂ technology for the degradation of antibiotics in water, and puts forward relevant suggestions for further research work.

The problem of excess glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production has become more and more prominent, and the catalytic conversion of glycerol to high value-added chemicals is of great significant. In recent years, noble metal catalysts (Au, Pt, Pd, etc.) are often used to catalyze the conversion of glycerol to lactic acid, in which the improvement of lactic acid selectivity and catalyst stability are the key challenges for the catalysts. Here, we summarized the reaction mechanism of selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid over supported noble metal catalysts, revealing the role of different metal active sites. At the same time, the effects of metal particle size, support, and pH of reaction system on the reaction performance are discussed based on the structure and electronic properties of noble metal active sites. Also, the promotion role of metal and support strong interaction on the activation of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol was clarified. Finally, the main challenges and prospect for the selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid were clarified.

Air pollution is a major challenge for the improvement of urban environmental quality. The process of urbanization is an important cause of highly complex air pollution, on the other hand it also provides artificial reinforcement conditions for self-purification of air pollutants in cities. "Environmental catalytic city" refers to the spontaneous catalytic purification of low concentration gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere by catalytic materials coating on the artificial surfaces, such as building surfaces in the city under natural photothermal conditions. "Environmental catalytic city" is of great significance for the control of complex air pollution without additional energy consumption, the continuous improvement of indoor and outdoor air quality, and the scheme and construction of " self-purifying city". Here, we propose the concept of “environmental catalytic city”, and discuss its further improvement, development, and application.

Lignocellulose aerogels possess excellent properties of low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity and so on, making them widely utilized in thermal insulation, adsorption, catalysis, electromagnetic shielding, biomedical and other fields. Moreover, as a bio-based material, lignocellulose is a green, pollution-free, renewable, and sustainable material. In this paper, the latest research progress of wood-based cellulose and agricultural waste-based cellulose aerogels are reviewed. Then the current research status of lignocellulose aerogel preparation methods including freeze-drying, supercritical drying, and atmospheric drying, is summarized. In addition, for the flammability issues commonly found in lignocellulose aerogels, commonly used methods to improve the flame retardancy of lignocellulose aerogels are discussed in detail. Finally, this paper concludes the main problems in lignocellulose aerogel preparation methods and properties, and the future development direction in this field is proposed.

With the proposal of "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutral" strategic objectives, developing clean energy and promoting the development of new energy industry has become the consensus of the whole society. Lithium battery as the candidates for new generation of energy storage equipment due to its remarkable advantages such as high energy density, high power density, high safety, long cycle life and environmental protection. Its development plays a significant role in alleviating energy crisis, driving the conversion of old kinetic energy into new and achieving the strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". In order to further improve the energy density of lithium batteries, the most effective strategy is to use high voltage or high specific capacity cathode materials. However, due to the low oxidation stability and narrow electrochemical window of traditional carbonate ester electrolytes, they are prone to oxidative decomposition when the working voltage exceeds 4.2 V, which cannot be cycled stably at high voltages, so it is particularly important to broaden the electrochemical window of electrolytes. This paper mainly discusses the mechanism of organic solvents and additives in high-voltage electrolytes and explores effective methods to broaden the electrochemical window of new electrolytes, summarizes the characteristics of aqueous electrolytes, solid electrolytes, and polymer gel electrolytes, finally, summarizes and outlooks the future development and prospects of high-voltage electrolytes, this provides scientific basis for the design and development of high-voltage electrolytes for lithium batteries.

In recent years, inspired by the natural phenomenon that the living organism can automatically repair its damaged skin and bone via itself metabolism, researchers have successfully developed self-healing materials that can self-heal their microcracks. The self-healing of materials can effectively extend the service life of materials, improve working stability and thus reduce the waste of resources. Recently, the self-healable silicone materials originated from the synergistic combination of self-healing function and good properties of silicone materials, have become a research focus in functional materials. Furthermore, since the external stimuli such as UV irradiation, temperature and solvent are the external driving force for materials to fulfill self-healability, and affect largely the self-healing efficiency. More importantly, different stimuli have different advantages and disadvantages, and application fields. Therefore, this study aims to summarize and analyze the research progress of external and intrinsic self-healing silicone materials especially in the past five years according to their external stimuli. The intrinsically self-healing silicone materials that contain different dynamic polysiloxane crosslinking networks activated by different external stimuli, are emphatically discussed. Additionally, a brief prospect for the future development of self-healing silicone materials is also provided.