With the rapid development of current society and economy, as well as the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, the complexity and seriousness of environmental pollution issues are becoming increasingly apparent. Beyond traditional pollutants, the appearance of emerging pollutants on a global scale has brought new challenges to environment and public health. China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” and medium and long-term planning put forward “emerging pollutant control”, report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also explicitly requested “carry out emerging pollutant control”. In 2022, General Office of the State Council issued “Action Plan for Emerging Pollutant Control”, followed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and various provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, which released corresponding implementation plans, China has transferred to a new phase of environmental protection that balances the control of both traditional and emerging pollutants. However, management of emerging pollutants is a long-term, dynamic and complex systematic project, which urgently needs to strengthen top-level design as well as scientific and technological support. Conducting systematic research on emerging pollutants not only provides effective scientific guidance for their control and improves the level of environmental quality management, but also assists our country in fulfilling international conventions, enhances the discourse power in global environmental governance, ensures our country environmental security, food security, international trade security, etc., and is of great significance for realizing sustainable development. This review aims to comprehensively explore various aspects of emerging pollutants, including their types and characteristics, production, use and emission, identification and detection, environmental occurrence, migration and transformation, ecotoxicological effects, human exposure, health risks, and management strategies. Furthermore, it looks forward to the future research direction, with a view to providing a scientific basis and decision-making support for control of emerging pollutants in China.

Representing an important class of ubiquitous chemical feedstock, aromatics have been extensively utilized in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) reactions, nitration reactions, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions, cross-coupling reactions, C-H bond functionalization reactions etc. Dearomatization reaction is another type of transformations of aromatics, in which their aromaticity is destroyed or reduced. Since its first report, dearomatization reaction has served as an efficient platform to create C(sp³)-H-rich spiro, fused and bridged polycyclic structures, widely applied in material and medicinal chemistry. In the past two decades, various dearomatization reactions have been established by using transition-metal catalysis, organocatalysis, enzymatic catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. Diverse polycyclic structures have been obtained by the dearomatization of indoles, pyrroles, (benzo)furans, (benzo)thiophenes, quinolines, pyridines, benzenes, naphthalenes, etc. The coupling reagents, including nucleophiles, electrophiles, dipoles, radicals, and carbenes have been developed to assemble different functional groups on dearomative framework. In this review, we briefly summarized the developed dearomatization reactions, which were categorized by the kinds of aromatic compounds. The remaining challenges and perspectives on the future development of dearomatization reactions are also included here.

Lithium-sulfur batteries are valued for their high theoretical specific capacity，energy density，and other advantages，but their commercialization is limited by the slow kinetics of sulfur species conversion and the "shuttle effect". In response，researchers have utilized the photocatalytic effect to develop a photo-assisted strategy for lithium-sulfur batteries，an emerging strategy that not only improves the adsorption and catalytic performance of the catalyst，but also enhances the battery performance in terms of both thermodynamics and kinetics，and even achieves the storage and release of solar energy through the photo-charging mechanism. In this paper，based on recently relevant studies，we introduce in detail the photoelectrochemical principles of photo-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries，discuss the design strategies of photocatalysts and photoanode，as well as the selection of optical windows and encapsulation materials，and review the typical configurations of photopositives and the research methodology of photo-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries，with the aim of attracting the extensive attention of our peers and providing references for the in-depth understanding and improvement of photo-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 The working mechanism and design strategy of photo-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries

2.1 The photoelectrochemical principle of photo-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries

2.2 Design strategies of photo-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries

3 Typical configuration and research methods of photo-assisted lithium sulfur batteries

3.1 Typical configuration of photocathodes

3.2 Research methods for photo-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries

4 Conclusion and outlook

Nowadays stretchable electronic devices have become a hot research topic in the field of information electronics because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. As the high-speed electron transmission channel in stretching electronic devices， stretchable conductive materials play a crucial role in realizing the functions of stretching electronic devices. Liquid metal has become a hot research object in the field of stretchable conductive composites in recent years because of its intrinsic flexibility and excellent conductivity. Liquid metal is a room temperature liquid conductive material， which exhibits excellent stretchability and tunability due to its inherent high conductivity， fluidity， and ductility. Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites preparation and patterning techniques have been reported and many stretchable devices with excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties have been prepared. In view of the general structural characteristics of liquid metal-based stretchable composites， the key to the preparation is how to solve the interfacial non-impregnation problem caused by the physical property differences between different materials. Therefore， starting from the common types of composites， this paper firstly briefly introduces the components and physical properties of liquid metals generally used， as well as the stretchable polymer matrix materials usually employed. Then， the composite methods of conductive materials and elastomer materials in liquid metal-based electrodes are reviewed from the two ways of "passive" and "active" to deal with the problem of non-wetting at the interface， as well as the blending and dispersion method and the new modification method. Finally， the latest research progress is introduced， and the current status of liquid metal research is summarized. Future development and potential problems to be faced are also discussed.

Taking into account environmental concerns and the ongoing shift towards clean energy， converting carbon dioxide （CO₂） into ethylene （C₂H₄） through electrochemical CO₂ reduction （ECO₂RR） using renewable electricity is a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for achieving carbon neutrality while also providing economic benefits. Despite significant advancements in the field， issues such as low selectivity， activity and stability continue to persist. This paper presents a review of recent research progress in copper-based catalytic systems for ECO₂RR in the production of ethylene. Firstly， the mechanism of ECO₂RR is briefly summarized. It then highlights various catalyst design strategies for ethylene production， such as tandem catalysis， crystal surface modulation， surface modification， valence influence， size sizing， defect engineering， and morphology design. Finally， the paper discusses future challenges and prospects for the synthesis of ethylene through electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.

The transformations of biomass into bio-based polymeric materials have attracted growing interest from chemistry and material engineering. Ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMP) of cyclic olefins have been identified as the powerful toolbox for synthesis of polyolefins containing double bonds in the polymer mainchains. Recently, a series of novel cyclic olefins are designed by using biomass as the feedstock, and high-performance polyolefins are prepared via ROMP of biomass derived monomers. This review summaries the advances in conversions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, terpenes, vegetable oils, amino acids into norbornene derivatives, oxanorbornene derivatives, cyclooctene derivatives, macrocyclic olefins, etc. Synthesis and properties of bio-based polyolefins via ROMP of biomass derived monomers mentioned above are highlighted. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities are discussed with the aim to promote the development of bio-based polymeric materials.

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a focal point of global environmental research. MPs are widely detected in various environmental matrices, including the atmosphere, soil, oceans, and inland waters. Once introduced into the environment, MPs undergo a series of transformation and transport processes across different environmental compartments and accumulate in biota, thereby posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health. This review aims to summarize the sampling and detection methods for MPs, followed by an assessment of their pollution levels in different matrices. The inter-compartmental transformation and transport of MPs, along with their ecological effects, are then reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the limitations in understanding the environmental geochemical behaviors and ecological risks of MPs, as well as prospects for future research, are outlined.

The visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives is a novel, efficient, and green synthetic method. It allows the construction of various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds for the synthesis of a wide range of high-value-added chemicals, making it a hot topic in the field of modern synthetic chemistry. In recent years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive studies in this area, achieving a series of innovative results that have been widely applied in organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. This paper reviews the latest experimental and theoretical advances in the visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, with a focus on several typical cross-coupling reactions that form C—X (X = C, N, O, S) bonds. It also discusses the future development prospects of this catalytic method.

Perchlorate, a persistent inorganic pollutant in water, poses a global environmental challenge due to its high solubility, mobility, and stability, making it difficult to degrade in the environment. Contamination by perchlorate has become a worldwide environmental issue, as residues of perchlorate in surface water and groundwater enter food and drinking water through various pathways, posing potential health risks. Chemical and biological methods have been extensively studied for perchlorate removal, each with its unique advantages and challenges. This paper systematically summarizes the recent research progress in chemical and biological treatment technologies for removing perchlorate from water, elaborating on the mechanisms, influencing factors, and advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. Chemical degradation, catalytic reduction, and electrochemical reduction are effective methods for treating perchlorate pollution. Organic electron donors such as acetate, glycerol, ethanol, and methane, as well as inorganic electron donors such as hydrogen and elemental sulfur, are widely used in the biological degradation process of perchlorate. Chemical methods provide rapid reduction rates and convenient implementation, while biological methods offer environmentally friendly solutions and long-term sustainable potential. However, both methods have limitations. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore combined removal techniques that integrate chemical and biological methods to enhance the remediation efficiency of perchlorate pollution. This paper reviews the research progress of three combined removal techniques: adsorption-biological method, bio-electrochemical method, and chemical reduction-biological method. In addition, future research directions are discussed, including engineering implementation studies, materials and microbiology research, practical application studies, and in-depth exploration of perchlorate degradation mechanisms.

Organic light emitting diodes （OLEDs） have attracted extensive attention and research interest in advanced display and solid-state lighting due to their self-luminescence， low drive voltage， wide color gamut， surface luminescence， flexibility and rapid response. One of the primary colors of OLED， the development of blue emitter is still lagging far behind. Interestingly， 9，9'-bianthracene as a promising blue-emitter for high-performance fluorescent OLEDs exhibits excellent optoelectronic performance in recent years. Here， we review the progress with the development of 9，9'-anthracene-based blue fluorescent materials and gain insight into their contribution towards enhanced OLED performance. Different approaches to achieve blue emission from molecular design including isomerization， fluorine substitution， asymmetrical structuring， and steric hindrance effects are discussed， with particular focus on device efficiency and stability. Furthermore， an outlook for future challenges and opportunities of OLEDs from the development of new molecular structures， understanding of luminescence mechanisms as well as innovation in flexible and large-scale panels is provided.

Plastic products represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have become an important part of modern life and global economy. In order to solve the resource waste and environmental problems caused by PET waste and to realize high-value recycling of materials, there is an urgent need to explore low-cost green and efficient conversion and recycling methods. Chemical depolymerization can deal with low-value, mixed, and contaminated plastics, recover polymer monomers through different chemical reactions or chemically upgrade and recycle to produce new high value-added products, realizing the closed-loop recycling of plastic waste and high value-added applications, which is a key way to establish a circular polymer economy. This paper reviews the latest research progress of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste, analyzes the problems of chemical depolymerization technology of PET waste, and looks forward to the future development trend of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste.

Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with ultra-high thermal conductivity， which is widely used in the field of electric heating. By analyzing the research progress of graphene and its flexible electrothermal （membrane） materials， the preparation methods of graphene of different sizes and the effect of functional modification on the thermal conductivity of graphene are introduced. The applications of graphene flexible electric heating （film） materials in the fields of deicing and anti-fogging， wearable clothing and low-temperature battery thermal management are summarized. In the future， it is still necessary to break through the technical problems of the preparation process of graphene and its flexible heating （film） materials and the integration of heating elements.

The exceptional waterproof and oil-repellent properties of fluorides, attributed to their remarkably low surface energy, have rendered them extensively employed in the realm of functional finishing. However, the use of fluorine presents potential hazards to human health and engenders irreversible harm to the environment. Consequently, it is progressively being regulated by nations, and discovering alternatives without fluorine has emerged as an imperative concern that necessitates immediate attention in the fields of waterproofing and anti-fouling. To clarify the definition of the fluorine-free materials with oil-repellent property and explore their potential applications in the field of chemistry, the research background of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property was described, along with a comprehensive review and evaluation of recent achievements and preparation methods. Furthermore, the mechanism of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property was analyzed, and the application status of fluorine-free coating with oil-repellent property in textiles, construction, food, liquid treatment and other fields was summarized. Additionally, an analysis of the current challenges in ongoing research process of fluorine-free surfaces with oil-repellent property was provided. Finally, a prospective outlook on the future of green and environmentally-friendly fluorine-free surface technology was prospected.

Human exhaled air has a close relationship with diseases，among which ammonia becomes a respiratory marker for diseases such as kidney disease. Traditional exhaled gas detection methods are mainly detected by gas chromatography，but the instrument is bulky and complex in operation. Emerging ammonia sensors，however，are garnering significant attention due to their portability，ease of integration，miniaturization，low cost，and simplicity of operation. This review systematically describes the working mechanism of ammonia gas sensors，sensor types，and common ammonia sensing materials. At the same time，it introduces the advantages of sensor array electronic nose technology over a single sensor，and puts forward the application research of ammonia sensors and electronic noses in diseases，aiming at the existing problems and prospects of ammonia gas sensors.

Organometallic compounds can undergo intramolecular C—H activation to form cyclometallic species，which can then undergo selective ring-opening to enable a “through space” migration of the metal atom within the molecule. Compared to the widely studied heteroatom-directed C—H activation reactions，this process is more complex and difficult to control. Over the past decade，significant progress has been made in this area，providing powerful new tools for the functionalization of remote C—H bonds. The aryl-to-vinylic 1，4-palladium migration represents one of the most significant research area in this field. Although it faces challenges，including the migration of palladium to the thermodynamically less stable vinyl position and the inherent diverse reactivity of alkenes，it provides a novel strategy for the highly stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted alkenes. Owing to its considerable academic and practical significance，this method has garnered widespread attention.This review summarizes the key mechanisms of aryl-to-vinylic 1，4-palladium migration，various transformation reactions，and potential synthetic applications. Finally，the challenges encountered in this field and prospects for future development are discussed.

Lithium metal is considered to be the most promising anode material owing to its extraordinary theoretical specific capacity and the lowest redox potential. However, lithium anodes suffer from many challenges, such as the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers, and infinite volume expansion of lithium during cycling, which hinder the further commercial application of lithium metal batteries. Numerous important strategies have been proposed to overcome these challenges. Among them, three-dimensional current collectors can not only reduce the local current density and alleviate dendrite growth, but also mitigate the volume change of Li metal during the stripping/plating process. Based on the above problems, this review summarizes the working mechanisms and the latest research progress about the design of the three-dimensional structure and the lithiophilic modification to stabilize the lithium metal anode.

As an important family of synthetic polymers， poly（meth）acrylates have a wide range of applications in the fields of coatings， adhesives， biomedines， electronic and electrical materials. However， the （meth）acrylates monomers are mainly derived from petrochemical resources.Transformations of biomass into （meth）acrylate monomers and polymers have attracted growing research interest from the viewpoint of sustainability. The bio-based poly（meth）acrylates not only serve as the supplement for the fossil based product but also provide great chance for the development of value-added high performance materials with designed novel structures. This article highlights the recent progress in the synthesis and polymerization of bio-based （meth）acrylates. The lignin， terpene， plant oil， glucose， isosorbide， and furan derivatives as the biomass feedstock are respectively reviewed in consecutive order. The properties and applications of the corresponding bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are summarized. Moreover， the challenges and opportunities of bio-based poly（meth）acrylates are also discussed.

Due to the rapid growth in the number of vehicles and freight transport, tire wear particles (TWPs), generated from the friction between tires and road surfaces, have become the main source of microplastics in the environment. TWPs are widely detected in various environmental media, including soil, surface water, and sediments. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of the environmental interfacial processes of TWPs is of great significance for the control of microplastic pollution. In this paper, we first summarized recent progress in the interfacial chemical processes of TWPs, including the transport behavior, environmental transformation, release of toxic additives, and the adsorption of co-existing pollutants on TWPs. We then addressed some existing issues in current research and proposed future directions toward a better understanding of the environmental behavior and potential environmental risks of TWPs.

The global concern over white pollution and microplastic contamination caused by traditional non-degradable plastic waste has garnered widespread attention. Promoting biodegradable plastics (BPs) as alternatives to non-degradable plastics is a strategic approach to mitigating these forms of plastic pollution. However, under real-world environmental conditions, BPs often face challenges in achieving rapid degradation and may release significant quantities of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) during the degradation process, posing potential environmental and health risks. In this review, we critically examine the environmental risks associated with traditional non-degradable plastic waste and the use of BPs. We systematically evaluate current pre-treatment techniques, analytical methods, and occurrence patterns of BMPs in environmental and biological samples. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in understanding the potential impacts of BMPs on organisms across various trophic levels, including human health. Finally, we address the challenges in applying BPs, particularly in identifying, analyzing, assessing health impacts, and developing future regulatory standards and measures for BMPs. This review provides theoretical foundations and technical guidance for advancing environmentally friendly and safe BPs.

Lithium metal batteries（LMBs）have emerged as a focal point for next-generation battery technology research due to their high energy density. However，the commercialization of lithium-metal batteries is hindered by a series of challenges，including lithium dendrite formation，volumetric expansion，and the rupture of the solid electrolyte interphase（SEI）. Ionic liquids（ILs）are emerging as key candidate materials to address these issues due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Despite the significant potential of ionic liquids in lithium-metal batteries，several pressing issues，such as high costs and high viscosity，need to be addressed. Future research should focus on developing new low-cost，high-performance ionic liquids and further understanding their mechanisms in batteries. Additionally，combining advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations to explore the dynamic behavior and interfacial phenomena of ionic liquids in lithium metal batteries will help advance their practical applications. This review summarizes the safety issues involved in the research and development of lithium metal batteries，as well as the research progress of ionic liquids in their application as electrolytes and solid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries.

In recent decades，along with the improvement of peptide synthetic strategies，the development about bicyclic peptides have been accelerated vigorously，and as a result，more and more bicyclic peptide compounds have entered the clinical trial stage. Through high-throughput screening of peptide compound libraries，the efficiency of obtaining target structures has been greatly increased，further promoting the development of the bicyclic peptide field. Compared with linear and monocyclic peptides，bicyclic peptides have much larger structures and greater structural rigidity，which results in higher affinity and selectivity of the binding to their targets. The absence of terminally free amine and carboxyl groups can also increase the stability of bicyclic peptides against proteolytic enzymes significantly. In addition，the facility of bicyclic peptides to cross cell membranes contributes the improved bioavailability. With the sustainable development and wide application of synthetic technologies，more and more potential bicyclic peptides have been developed successively，laying the foundation for the researches of bicyclic peptide drugs. However，in terms of druggability，there are still many limitations in solubility，conformational stability and in vivo activity，which are urgently need to be solved by means of pharmaceutical preparation and chemically structural modification. This review mainly focuses on the chemical preparation strategies of bicyclic peptides and their applications in drug discovery in recent years.

With the advancement of technology，flexible pressure sensors have been widely utilized in wearable device fields such as medical monitoring and motion monitoring，primarily due to their thinness，lightness，flexibility，good ductility，as well as their faster response speed and higher sensitivity compared to traditional rigid sensors. When subjected to external forces，the elastic elements within these sensors undergo deformation，converting mechanical signals into electrical signals. Consequently，the choice of elastic elements significantly impacts the overall performance of flexible pressure sensors. Polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） is extensively used as a flexible substrate in sensors because of its stable chemical properties，good thermal stability，low preparation cost，and excellent biocompatibility. By collecting relevant information，this paper reviews the sensing mechanisms of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors，introduces preparation techniques to improve the properties of PDMS materials，including the recently popular methods of introducing porous structures and constructing surface architectures，and discusses the applications of PDMS-based flexible pressure sensors in medical monitoring，electronic skin，and other fields. Finally，the challenges faced by PDMS-based flexible sensors and their future opportunities are prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Flexible pressure sensor

3 Fabrication technology of flexible sensor with improved performance

3.1 Pore structure

3.2 Surface micro-nano structures

4 Application of flexible pressure sensor based on PDMS

4.1 Health monitoring

4.2 Electronic skin

5 Conclusion and outlook

In the realm of two-dimensional nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP) is considered a promising candidate to address the shortcomings of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Low- dimensional black phosphorus (BP) refers to a class of nanomaterials derived from the layered semiconductor BP. These materials exhibit high structural anisotropy, tunable bandgap widths, and high hole and electron mobility, endowing BP with unique properties such as conductivity, photothermal, photodynamic, and mechanical behaviors. BP's near-infrared light response significantly enhances its effectiveness in photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial applications. Additionally, due to its unique layered structure, BP nanosheets (BPNS) possess a high surface-to-volume ratio, making them excellent carriers for loading and delivering other antimicrobial nanomaterials or drugs. First, this article discusses the physical properties of low-dimensional BP and introduces various preparation methods. Furthermore, it systematically reviews exciting therapeutic applications of polymer-modified black phosphorus nanomaterials in various fields, such as cancer treatment (phototherapy, drug delivery, and synergistic immunotherapy), bone regeneration, and neurogenesis. Finally, the paper discusses some challenges facing future clinical trials and potential directions for further research.

Microplastic pollution has become a major environmental issue of global concern. Microplastics can undergo aging under various environmental conditions. The aging process will change the physical and chemical properties of microplastics, thereby leading to changes in their environmental behaviors and toxicities. Therefore, exploring the aging process and mechanism of microplastics is of significance for understanding the environmental processes and health risks of microplastics. This article focuses on the aging process of microplastics in the environment and reviews it from the aspects of aging pathways, influencing factors, interactions with pollutants, release of chemical substances, and changes in toxicities. It also looks forward to the existing challenges and future research directions in the current studies on microplastic aging.

Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties， molybdenum disulfide （MoS₂） demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field， particularly in supercapacitors. It is widely regarded as one of the most representative transition metal dichalcogenides. MoS₂ possesses a high theoretical specific capacitance， abundant edge active sites， and favorable tunability and structural diversity， which provide it with a distinct advantage in the construction of advanced electrode structures. Additionally， the anisotropic characteristics of MoS₂ concerning electron and ion transport offer more dimensions for regulating its electrochemical behavior. This work will systematically review various synthesis strategies for MoS₂ and its recent advancements in energy storage， with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which interlayer spacing modulation affects energy storage behavior in supercapacitor configurations. The discussion will encompass a comprehensive logical framework that spans material structure modifications， electronic configuration evolution， and enhancements in macroscopic device performance. This review aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of MoS₂ in the next generation of high-performance energy storage devices.

Microplastic pollution arising from the aging and decomposition of plastic waste poses a significant challenge to global plastic pollution control. Landfills have been the primary disposal sites for solid waste for a long time, and the considerable amount of plastic waste accumulated in landfills has emerged as a crucial source of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems. This paper mainly reviews the development of plastic waste landfilling and its evolution in the landfilling process, analyzes the external input and internal generation process of microplastics in landfills, and summarizes the abundance and structural composition characteristics of microplastics reported in the landfill piles (580-168 000 items/kg) and leachate (420-291 000 items/m³) and the surrounding soils (4-14 200 items/kg) and groundwater (3000-27 200 items/m³). This paper further reveals the migration of microplastics within the waste-soil-groundwater system, and the exposure routes of humans to microplastics through the contaminated soil, air, and edible plants. As the risks and control measures to the entire environmental process of microplastics in landfills urgently require investigation, this paper puts forward key scientific and technical issues and management suggestions.

Zinc-iodine batteries have attracted widespread attention as a novel green，low-cost，and highly safe electrochemical energy storage technology. Its basic principle is to use the electrochemical reaction between zinc and iodine to store and release energy. However，the low electronic conductivity，shuttle effect，and high solubility of iodine limit the practical application of zinc-iodine batteries. This work provides a systematic review of the research progress on carbon materials used in the cathode of zinc-iodine batteries，with a focus on several commonly used carbon materials，such as carbon nanotubes，graphene，activated carbon，biomass-derived carbon，and other porous carbon materials. Owing to their excellent conductivity，high specific surface area，and good chemical stability，these carbon materials can not only effectively adsorb and immobilize iodine molecules，preventing iodine loss and the shuttle effect，but also promote iodine redox reactions by regulating the pore structure and surface chemical properties，thereby improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of the battery. Additionally，we put forward the challenges and issues faced by carbon materials in the practical application of zinc-iodine batteries，including how to further enhance iodine adsorption capability and improve the structural stability of the electrode. Accordingly，several potential future research directions are proposed with a view to further improving the electrochemical performance and reducing the manufacturing cost，thus laying the foundation for advancing the development and application of this emerging battery technology.

As public concern regarding the safety of drinking water continues growing, microplastics and antibiotics have emerged as new contaminants of interest within the field of water treatment. Microplastics and antibiotics not only pollute aquatic environments and endanger both aquatic life and human health, but their coexistence in water can also lead to physical and chemical interactions, such as adsorption. These interactions are influenced by various factors, including the morphology, functional groups, and aging degree of microplastics, as well as the pH, temperature, salinity, heavy metal ions, and organic macromolecules in the water. The resulting microplastic-antibiotic complex pollutants exhibit greater toxicity and are more challenging to remove. This review discusses the hazards of microplastics and antibiotics in water, their interaction mechanisms, and influencing factors. It also highlights the removal characteristics of complex pollutants using two typical water treatment technologies: coagulation and advanced oxidation. The principles and degradation effects of these treatment processes are analyzed in detail.