Application of Spinel Ferrite-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes in Organic Wastewater Treatment

doi:10.7536/PC200851

With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem about organic pollutions in natural water bodies has become more and more serious. The advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on free radical reaction can efficiently degrade the non-biodegradable organic pollutants remaining in water environment. Under the action of the catalyst, the advanced oxidation processes can effectively generate the strong oxidizing free radicals to degrade organic pollutants. Spinel ferrite (MFe₂O₄(M=Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn)) is widely used as a catalyst to promote the generation of free radicals in the advanced oxidation processes, and at the same time, its strong magnetism and high stability ensure that it is easy to recycle by an external magnetic field and further reused. This article mainly reviews the research progress of spinel ferrite-based heterogeneous Fenton-like technology, photocatalytic technology and persulfate advanced oxidation technology in organic wastewater treatment, and focuses on the catalytic degradation mechanism of organic pollutants in water bodies by the different ferrite magnetic nanomaterials in the above three advanced oxidation technologies, and the ways to enhance catalytic performances of ferrite magnetic catalysts. Finally, we point out some problems about the application of spinel ferrite in advanced oxidation processes, and the future research directions of spinel ferrite-based advanced oxidation processes are also prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Spinel ferrite-based heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation technologies

2.1 ZnFe₂O₄

2.2 NiFe₂O₄

2.3 CoFe₂O₄

2.4 MnFe₂O₄

2.5 CuFe₂O₄

3 Spinel ferrite-based photocatalytic technologies

3.1 ZnFe₂O₄

3.2 MFe₂O₄ (M=Ni, Co, Cu)

4 Persulfate oxidation technologies with spinel ferrite as the catalyst

4.1 The organic pollutants degradation in water by persulfate activated with CoFe₂O₄

4.2 The organic pollutants degradation in water by persulfate activated with CuFe₂O₄

4.3 The organic pollutants degradation in water by persulfate activated with MnFe₂O₄

5 Conclusion and prospect

Key words: ferrite, Fenton-like oxidation, photocatalysis, persulfate, organic wastewater, catalytic mechanism

Fig.1 The schematic representation of spinel ferrite structure

Table 1 Magnetic ferrite-based heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation technologies used for removal of organic pollutants in water

Catalyst	Synthetic method	Conditions for Fenton-like reaction	Catlayst dosage	H₂O₂ dosage	Pollutants and degradation efficiency	ref
ZnFe₂O₄	hydrothermal route	150 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	12.0 mM	AOII 100% (2 h)	19
ZnFe₂O₄/ graphene	solvothermal method	500 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (1 mL)	RhB 100% (2 h); MO 96% (2 h)	20
porous C/ZnFe₂O₄	CO₂-mediated ethanol route	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (2 mL)	RhB 100% (1 h); phenol 91% (2 h)	21
NiFe₂O₄	co-precipitation method	-	2.0 g/L	120.0 mM	phenol 95% (5.5 h)	22
NiFe₂O₄/C	calcination method	800 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (0.1 mL)	TC 97.25% (1 h)	23
NiFe₂O₄/CNTs	hydrothermal route	150 W Xe lamp	0.025 g/L	1 μL/mL	SMX 90% (2 h)	24
CoFe₂O₄	co-precipitation route	125 W Hg lamp	1.0 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (3 mL)	MB 90% (1.25 h)	27
CoFe₂O₄-rGO	liquid assembly method	ultrasonic irradiation	0.08 g/L	3 mM	AO7 90.5% (2 h)	28
rGO/CoFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	5.0 mmol/l NH₂OH	0.1 g/L	3 mM	MB 100% (0.25 h)	29
CoFe₂O₄@PPy	oxidization polymerization	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (200 μL)	RhB 100% (2 h)	30
MnFe₂O₄	sol-gel method	-	0.6 g/L	200 mM	NOR 90.6% (3 h)	31
MnFe₂O₄/ biochar	co-precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	200 mM	TC 95% (2 h)	33
MnFe₂O₄@SnS₂	hydrothermal method	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (3 mL)	MB 92% (2 h)	34
CuFe₂O₄	nanocasting strategy	-	0.3 g/L	40 mM	Imidacloprid 100% (5 h)	35
Cu/CuFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	-	0.1 g/L	15 mM	MB 99% (4 min)	12
CuFe₂O₄@C	solvothermal route	300 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (0.2 mL)	MB 97% (1.5 h)	37
CuFe₂O₄/rGO	hydrothermal method	500 W of microwave power	0.3 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (600 μL)	RhB 95.5% (1 min)	38
CuFe₂O₄@PDA	self-polymerization	-	0.2 g/L	0.5 M	MB 97% (0.5 h)	39
CuFe₂O₄@ g-C₃N₄	self-assembly method	500 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	0.01 M	OII 98% (3.5 h)	40

Table 1 Magnetic ferrite-based heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation technologies used for removal of organic pollutants in water

Catalyst	Synthetic method	Conditions for Fenton-like reaction	Catlayst dosage	H₂O₂ dosage	Pollutants and degradation efficiency	ref
ZnFe₂O₄	hydrothermal route	150 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	12.0 mM	AOII 100% (2 h)	19
ZnFe₂O₄/ graphene	solvothermal method	500 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (1 mL)	RhB 100% (2 h); MO 96% (2 h)	20
porous C/ZnFe₂O₄	CO₂-mediated ethanol route	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (2 mL)	RhB 100% (1 h); phenol 91% (2 h)	21
NiFe₂O₄	co-precipitation method	-	2.0 g/L	120.0 mM	phenol 95% (5.5 h)	22
NiFe₂O₄/C	calcination method	800 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (0.1 mL)	TC 97.25% (1 h)	23
NiFe₂O₄/CNTs	hydrothermal route	150 W Xe lamp	0.025 g/L	1 μL/mL	SMX 90% (2 h)	24
CoFe₂O₄	co-precipitation route	125 W Hg lamp	1.0 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (3 mL)	MB 90% (1.25 h)	27
CoFe₂O₄-rGO	liquid assembly method	ultrasonic irradiation	0.08 g/L	3 mM	AO7 90.5% (2 h)	28
rGO/CoFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	5.0 mmol/l NH₂OH	0.1 g/L	3 mM	MB 100% (0.25 h)	29
CoFe₂O₄@PPy	oxidization polymerization	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (200 μL)	RhB 100% (2 h)	30
MnFe₂O₄	sol-gel method	-	0.6 g/L	200 mM	NOR 90.6% (3 h)	31
MnFe₂O₄/ biochar	co-precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	200 mM	TC 95% (2 h)	33
MnFe₂O₄@SnS₂	hydrothermal method	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (3 mL)	MB 92% (2 h)	34
CuFe₂O₄	nanocasting strategy	-	0.3 g/L	40 mM	Imidacloprid 100% (5 h)	35
Cu/CuFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	-	0.1 g/L	15 mM	MB 99% (4 min)	12
CuFe₂O₄@C	solvothermal route	300 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (0.2 mL)	MB 97% (1.5 h)	37
CuFe₂O₄/rGO	hydrothermal method	500 W of microwave power	0.3 g/L	30% H₂O₂ (600 μL)	RhB 95.5% (1 min)	38
CuFe₂O₄@PDA	self-polymerization	-	0.2 g/L	0.5 M	MB 97% (0.5 h)	39
CuFe₂O₄@ g-C₃N₄	self-assembly method	500 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	0.01 M	OII 98% (3.5 h)	40

Fig.2 The photo-Fenton mechanism in ZnFe2O4

Table 2 Degradation of organic pollutants in water using magnetic ferrite-based photocatalytic oxidation technologies

Photocatalyst	Synthetic method	Light source	Catalyst dosage	Pollutants and degradation efficiency	ref
hollow cube ZnFe₂O₄	template method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	TCHC 85% (20 min)	41
ZnFe₂O₄(111)	hydrothermal route	500 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 90% (1 h)	43
ZnFe₂O₄-TiO₂	a reflux route	8 W visible-light lamp	1.0 g/L	BPA 98.7% (30 min)	44
ZnFe₂O₄-ZnO	co-precipitation method	500 W halogen lamp	0.5 g/L	MB 98% (6 h)	46
Ag/ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄	facile calcination route	250 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	MB 93% (100 min)	47
BiOBr-ZnFe₂O₄	precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 90% (25 min)	48
biochar @ZnFe₂O₄/BiOBr	solvothermal method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	CIP 65% (1 h)	49
p-BiOI/n-ZnFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	400 W halogen lamp	1.0 g/L	AO7 96% (3 h)	51
Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄	precipitation route	10 W LED light	1.0 g/L	MB 100% (1 h)	13
C@ZnFe₂O₄/Ag₃PO₄	precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	2,4-DCP 95% (2.5 h)	52
ZnFe₂O₄/AgBr/Ag	precipitation and photoreduction	300 W Xe lamp	0.4 g/L	MO 92% (30 min)	54
g-C₃N₄-ZnFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	500 W Xe lamp	0.25 g/L	MO 98% (3 h)	56
Ag/NiFe₂O₄	combustion method	300 W Xe lamp	0.25 g/L	MB 70% (2 h)	57
Ag/CuFe₂O₄	impregnation strategy	500 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	4-CP 81% (2 h)	58
rGO-CoFe₂O₄	hydrothermal route	Solar light	0.4 g/L	4-CP 100% (2 h)	60
Pd-NiFe₂O₄/rGO	hydrothermal route	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 99% (2 h)	61
BiOBr/NiFe₂O₄	hydrothermal route	500 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 100% (30 min)	62
Ag₃PO₄@CoFe₂O₄	precipitation approach	500 W halogen lamp	0.4 g/L	MB 100% (40 min)	64
Ag₃PO₄/CuFe₂O₄	deposition method	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	RhB 100% (35 min)	65
Ag₃PO₄/GO/NiFe₂O₄	deposition route	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	RhB 100% (30 min)	66
Ag₃PO₄/CoFe₂O₄/GO	precipitation process	300 W Xe lamp	0.3 g/L	MO 91% (15 min)	67
biochar@CoFe₂O₄/Ag₃PO₄	in-situ precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	BPA 91% (60 min)	68
AgBr/NiFe₂O₄	a precipitation method	10 W LED lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 100% (60 min)	14
AgBr/CoFe₂O₄	a precipitation method	10 W LED lamp	1.0 g/L	MO 95% (60 min)	15
AgBr-Cu-CuFe₂O₄	a precipitation method	10 W LED lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 95.2% (60 min)	16]

Table 2 Degradation of organic pollutants in water using magnetic ferrite-based photocatalytic oxidation technologies

Photocatalyst	Synthetic method	Light source	Catalyst dosage	Pollutants and degradation efficiency	ref
hollow cube ZnFe₂O₄	template method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	TCHC 85% (20 min)	41
ZnFe₂O₄(111)	hydrothermal route	500 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 90% (1 h)	43
ZnFe₂O₄-TiO₂	a reflux route	8 W visible-light lamp	1.0 g/L	BPA 98.7% (30 min)	44
ZnFe₂O₄-ZnO	co-precipitation method	500 W halogen lamp	0.5 g/L	MB 98% (6 h)	46
Ag/ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄	facile calcination route	250 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	MB 93% (100 min)	47
BiOBr-ZnFe₂O₄	precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 90% (25 min)	48
biochar @ZnFe₂O₄/BiOBr	solvothermal method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	CIP 65% (1 h)	49
p-BiOI/n-ZnFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	400 W halogen lamp	1.0 g/L	AO7 96% (3 h)	51
Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄	precipitation route	10 W LED light	1.0 g/L	MB 100% (1 h)	13
C@ZnFe₂O₄/Ag₃PO₄	precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	2,4-DCP 95% (2.5 h)	52
ZnFe₂O₄/AgBr/Ag	precipitation and photoreduction	300 W Xe lamp	0.4 g/L	MO 92% (30 min)	54
g-C₃N₄-ZnFe₂O₄	solvothermal method	500 W Xe lamp	0.25 g/L	MO 98% (3 h)	56
Ag/NiFe₂O₄	combustion method	300 W Xe lamp	0.25 g/L	MB 70% (2 h)	57
Ag/CuFe₂O₄	impregnation strategy	500 W Xe lamp	0.1 g/L	4-CP 81% (2 h)	58
rGO-CoFe₂O₄	hydrothermal route	Solar light	0.4 g/L	4-CP 100% (2 h)	60
Pd-NiFe₂O₄/rGO	hydrothermal route	300 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 99% (2 h)	61
BiOBr/NiFe₂O₄	hydrothermal route	500 W Xe lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 100% (30 min)	62
Ag₃PO₄@CoFe₂O₄	precipitation approach	500 W halogen lamp	0.4 g/L	MB 100% (40 min)	64
Ag₃PO₄/CuFe₂O₄	deposition method	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	RhB 100% (35 min)	65
Ag₃PO₄/GO/NiFe₂O₄	deposition route	300 W Xe lamp	0.2 g/L	RhB 100% (30 min)	66
Ag₃PO₄/CoFe₂O₄/GO	precipitation process	300 W Xe lamp	0.3 g/L	MO 91% (15 min)	67
biochar@CoFe₂O₄/Ag₃PO₄	in-situ precipitation method	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 g/L	BPA 91% (60 min)	68
AgBr/NiFe₂O₄	a precipitation method	10 W LED lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 100% (60 min)	14
AgBr/CoFe₂O₄	a precipitation method	10 W LED lamp	1.0 g/L	MO 95% (60 min)	15
AgBr-Cu-CuFe₂O₄	a precipitation method	10 W LED lamp	1.0 g/L	RhB 95.2% (60 min)	16]

Fig.3 The schematic diagram of photo-generated carrier transfer[44,46]

Fig.4 (a) Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism[49]; (b) Ⅱ-type heterojunction charge transfer mechanism[50,51]

Table 3 Persulfate oxidation technologies with magnetic ferrite as catalyst used for the removal of pollutants from water

catalyst	Synthetic method	PMS or PDS dosage	Catalyst dosage	Pollutants and degradation efficiency	ref
CoFe₂O₄	hydrothermal method	0.8 mM PMS	0.4 g/L	ATZ 99% (30 min)	72
CoFe₂O₄	sol-gel method	0.5 mM PMS	0.25 g/L	TPhP 99.5% (6 min)	73
CoFe₂O₄/Al₂O₃	sol-gel method	0.5 mM PMS	1.0 mM	SCP 97.8% (15 min)	74
CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂	impregnation-calcination method	4.0 g/L PMS	0.01 g/L	RhB 100% (30 min) Phenol 97.2% (60 min)	75
CoFe₂O₄-rGO	solvothermal route	10 mg/150 mL	0.3 g/150 mL	Phenol 100% (30 min)	76
CoFe₂O₄-GO	hydrothermal method	0.5 mM PMS	0.3 g/L	NOR 100% (20 min)	77
CoFe₂O₄-EG	co-precipitation method	0.4 mM PMS	0.5 g/L	SMX ~92% (20 min)	78
CoFe₂O_4-_x	hydrogen calcination method	3 mM PDS	0.1 g/L	BPA 98% (60 min)	79
CuFe₂O₄	sol-gel combustion method	0.2 mM PMS	0.1 g/L	TBBPA 99% (30 min)	80
CuFe₂O₄	a citrate combustion method	20 μM PMS	0.1 g/L	IPM ~80% (10 min)	81
CuFe₂O₄	a citrate combustion method	0.5 g/L PMS	0.4 g/L	BPA 100% (60 min)	82
CuFe₂O₄	co-precipitation-calcination method	0.5 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	NOR 90% (120 min)	83
CuFe₂O₄	a coprecipitation method	0.2 mM PMS	0.1 g/L	PCB28 89% (8 h)	84
CuFe₂O₄-OMS-2	a solvent-free process	0.65 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	AO7 95.8% (20 min)	85
CuFe₂O₄-Fe₂O₃	a co-precipitation method	0.36 g/L PMS	0.2 g/L	BPA 100% (10 min)	86
CuFe₂O₄/MWCNTs	a sol-gel combustion method	0.6 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	TMP 90% (24 min)	87
CuFe₂O₄-NG	a hydrothermal route	1.0 g/L PMS	0.05 g/L	OⅡ 100% (70 min)	88
CuFe₂O₄/ kaolinite	a facile citrate combustion method	0.5 mM PMS	0.5 g/L	BPA 100% (60 min)	89
CuFe₂O₄	a sol-gel combustion method	8 mM PDS	30 g/L	PNP 89% (60 min)	90
CuFe₂O₄/MWCNTs	a sol-gel combustion route	1.0 g/L PDS	0.1 g/L	DEP 100% (30 min)	91
CuFe₂O₄-Cu	a solvothermal method	1.5 g/L PDS	0.3 g/L	TC 80% (120 min)	17
MnFe₂O₄	the nanocasting strategy	2 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	OⅡ 100% (30 min)	92
MnFe₂O₄	-	0.1 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	BPA 90% (30 min)	93
MnFe₂O₄	-	0.75 mM PMS	0.25 g/L	TCS 100% (20 min)	94
MnFe₂O₄-rGO	a precipitation method	0.5 g/L PMS	0.05 g/L	OⅡ 90% (120 min)	95
MnFe₂O₄-MX	a solvothermal method	0.5 g/L PMS	0.05 g/L	OⅡ 100% (6 min)	96
MnFe₂O₄-MnO₂	a hydrothermal method	0.4 g/L PMS	0.2 g/L	RhB 100% (40 min)	97
MnFe₂O₄	thermal decomposition	0.5 g/L PDS	3 g/L	Phenol 90% (360 min)	98
MnFe₂O₄/AC	a solvothermal method	0.5 g/L PDS	0.2 g/L	OG 100% (30 min)	99
CuO/MnFe₂O₄	an impregnation method	1.0 g/L PDS	1.0 g/L	LVF 87% (120 min)	100

Table 3 Persulfate oxidation technologies with magnetic ferrite as catalyst used for the removal of pollutants from water

catalyst	Synthetic method	PMS or PDS dosage	Catalyst dosage	Pollutants and degradation efficiency	ref
CoFe₂O₄	hydrothermal method	0.8 mM PMS	0.4 g/L	ATZ 99% (30 min)	72
CoFe₂O₄	sol-gel method	0.5 mM PMS	0.25 g/L	TPhP 99.5% (6 min)	73
CoFe₂O₄/Al₂O₃	sol-gel method	0.5 mM PMS	1.0 mM	SCP 97.8% (15 min)	74
CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂	impregnation-calcination method	4.0 g/L PMS	0.01 g/L	RhB 100% (30 min) Phenol 97.2% (60 min)	75
CoFe₂O₄-rGO	solvothermal route	10 mg/150 mL	0.3 g/150 mL	Phenol 100% (30 min)	76
CoFe₂O₄-GO	hydrothermal method	0.5 mM PMS	0.3 g/L	NOR 100% (20 min)	77
CoFe₂O₄-EG	co-precipitation method	0.4 mM PMS	0.5 g/L	SMX ~92% (20 min)	78
CoFe₂O_4-_x	hydrogen calcination method	3 mM PDS	0.1 g/L	BPA 98% (60 min)	79
CuFe₂O₄	sol-gel combustion method	0.2 mM PMS	0.1 g/L	TBBPA 99% (30 min)	80
CuFe₂O₄	a citrate combustion method	20 μM PMS	0.1 g/L	IPM ~80% (10 min)	81
CuFe₂O₄	a citrate combustion method	0.5 g/L PMS	0.4 g/L	BPA 100% (60 min)	82
CuFe₂O₄	co-precipitation-calcination method	0.5 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	NOR 90% (120 min)	83
CuFe₂O₄	a coprecipitation method	0.2 mM PMS	0.1 g/L	PCB28 89% (8 h)	84
CuFe₂O₄-OMS-2	a solvent-free process	0.65 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	AO7 95.8% (20 min)	85
CuFe₂O₄-Fe₂O₃	a co-precipitation method	0.36 g/L PMS	0.2 g/L	BPA 100% (10 min)	86
CuFe₂O₄/MWCNTs	a sol-gel combustion method	0.6 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	TMP 90% (24 min)	87
CuFe₂O₄-NG	a hydrothermal route	1.0 g/L PMS	0.05 g/L	OⅡ 100% (70 min)	88
CuFe₂O₄/ kaolinite	a facile citrate combustion method	0.5 mM PMS	0.5 g/L	BPA 100% (60 min)	89
CuFe₂O₄	a sol-gel combustion method	8 mM PDS	30 g/L	PNP 89% (60 min)	90
CuFe₂O₄/MWCNTs	a sol-gel combustion route	1.0 g/L PDS	0.1 g/L	DEP 100% (30 min)	91
CuFe₂O₄-Cu	a solvothermal method	1.5 g/L PDS	0.3 g/L	TC 80% (120 min)	17
MnFe₂O₄	the nanocasting strategy	2 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	OⅡ 100% (30 min)	92
MnFe₂O₄	-	0.1 mM PMS	0.2 g/L	BPA 90% (30 min)	93
MnFe₂O₄	-	0.75 mM PMS	0.25 g/L	TCS 100% (20 min)	94
MnFe₂O₄-rGO	a precipitation method	0.5 g/L PMS	0.05 g/L	OⅡ 90% (120 min)	95
MnFe₂O₄-MX	a solvothermal method	0.5 g/L PMS	0.05 g/L	OⅡ 100% (6 min)	96
MnFe₂O₄-MnO₂	a hydrothermal method	0.4 g/L PMS	0.2 g/L	RhB 100% (40 min)	97
MnFe₂O₄	thermal decomposition	0.5 g/L PDS	3 g/L	Phenol 90% (360 min)	98
MnFe₂O₄/AC	a solvothermal method	0.5 g/L PDS	0.2 g/L	OG 100% (30 min)	99
CuO/MnFe₂O₄	an impregnation method	1.0 g/L PDS	1.0 g/L	LVF 87% (120 min)	100

Fig.5 The structure of peroxymonosulfate (a) and peroxydisulfate (b)

Fig.6 Activation of PMS by CoFe2O4 to generate SO 4 · -[72]

Fig.7 PMS activation by CuFe2O4 to generate SO 4 · - [18]

Fig.8 PDS activation by AC/MnFe2O4 to generate SO 4 · -[99]

Table 4 Comparison of the application, catalytic mechanism and methods for activity enhancement of different ferrite in AOPs

Catalyst	Application in AOPs	Mechanism for organic pollutants degradation	Methods for the enhancement of activity
ZnFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^[19⇓~21]	≡Fe³⁺ + e^- → ≡Fe²⁺; ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[20,21]
ZnFe₂O₄	(2)Photocatalysis ^{[13,41,43~44,46⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~52,54,56]}	ZnFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · - O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[49,52] Construction of heterojunction ^{[13,44,46⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~52,54]}
NiFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^[22⇓~24]	≡Fe³⁺ + e^- → ≡Fe²⁺; ≡Ni²⁺+ ≡Fe³⁺ → ≡Fe²⁺+ ≡Ni³⁺ ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[23,24]
	(2)Photocatalysis ^{[14,57,61,62,66]}	NiFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · -$ $O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Metal deposition ^[57,61] Construction of heterojunction ^[14,62,66]
	CoFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^{[27⇓⇓~30]}	≡Co²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Co³⁺ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[28,29]
(2)Photocatalysis ^{[15,60,64,67,68]}		CoFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · -$ $O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[60] Construction of heterojunction ^{[15,64,67,68]}
(3)Persulfate oxidation ^{[72⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~79]}		≡Co²⁺-OH^-+ $HSO 5 -$ →≡CoO⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ +H₂O ≡Fe³⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe²⁺+ $SO 5 · -$ + H⁺ ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- $SO 4 · -$ +H₂O → $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH + H⁺ $SO 4 · -$ /·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Metallic oxide modification ^[74,75] Carbon modification ^[76⇓~78]
CuFe₂O₄		(1)Fenton ^{[12,35,37⇓⇓~40]}	≡Cu⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Cu²⁺ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[37,38,40] Metal modification ^[12]
	(2)Photocatalysis ^[16,58,65]	CuFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · -$ $O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Construction of heterojunction ^[16,65] Metal deposition ^[58]
	(3)Persulfate oxidation ^{[17,80⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~91]}	≡Cu⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Cu²⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺ + $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH ≡Cu⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Cu²⁺ + $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH S₂ $O 8 2 -$ + ≡Cu⁺→≡Cu²⁺ + $SO 4 · -$ + $SO 4 2 -$ S₂ $O 8 2 -$ + ≡ $Fe 2 +$ →≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + $SO 4 2 -$ $SO 4 · -$ /·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Metal modification ^[17] Carbon modification ^[87,88,91] Metallic oxide modification ^[86]
MnFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^[31,33,34]	≡ $Mn 2 +$ + H₂O₂→·OH + ≡ $Mn 3 +$ + OH^-≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[33]
MnFe₂O₄	(2)Persulfate oxidation ^{[92⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~100]}	≡ $Mn 2 +$ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡ $Mn 3 +$ + $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- S₂ $O 8 2 -$ + ≡ $Mn 2 +$ → ≡Mn³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + $SO 4 2 -$ $SO 4 · -$ +H₂O → $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH + H⁺ $SO 4 · -$ /·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[95,99] Metallic oxide modification ^[97,100]

Table 4 Comparison of the application, catalytic mechanism and methods for activity enhancement of different ferrite in AOPs

Catalyst	Application in AOPs	Mechanism for organic pollutants degradation	Methods for the enhancement of activity
ZnFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^[19⇓~21]	≡Fe³⁺ + e^- → ≡Fe²⁺; ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[20,21]
ZnFe₂O₄	(2)Photocatalysis ^{[13,41,43~44,46⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~52,54,56]}	ZnFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · - O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[49,52] Construction of heterojunction ^{[13,44,46⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~52,54]}
NiFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^[22⇓~24]	≡Fe³⁺ + e^- → ≡Fe²⁺; ≡Ni²⁺+ ≡Fe³⁺ → ≡Fe²⁺+ ≡Ni³⁺ ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[23,24]
	(2)Photocatalysis ^{[14,57,61,62,66]}	NiFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · -$ $O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Metal deposition ^[57,61] Construction of heterojunction ^[14,62,66]
	CoFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^{[27⇓⇓~30]}	≡Co²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Co³⁺ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[28,29]
(2)Photocatalysis ^{[15,60,64,67,68]}		CoFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · -$ $O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification^[60] Construction of heterojunction ^{[15,64,67,68]}
(3)Persulfate oxidation ^{[72⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~79]}		≡Co²⁺-OH^-+ $HSO 5 -$ →≡CoO⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ +H₂O ≡Fe³⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe²⁺+ $SO 5 · -$ + H⁺ ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- $SO 4 · -$ +H₂O → $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH + H⁺ $SO 4 · -$ /·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Metallic oxide modification ^[74,75] Carbon modification ^[76⇓~78]
CuFe₂O₄		(1)Fenton ^{[12,35,37⇓⇓~40]}	≡Cu⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Cu²⁺ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[37,38,40] Metal modification ^[12]
	(2)Photocatalysis ^[16,58,65]	CuFe₂O₄ + hν → e^- + h⁺O₂ + e^- → $O 2 · -$ $O 2 · -$ /h⁺ + pollutants → degradation products	Construction of heterojunction ^[16,65] Metal deposition ^[58]
	(3)Persulfate oxidation ^{[17,80⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~91]}	≡Cu⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Cu²⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺ + $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH ≡Cu⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Cu²⁺ + $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH S₂ $O 8 2 -$ + ≡Cu⁺→≡Cu²⁺ + $SO 4 · -$ + $SO 4 2 -$ S₂ $O 8 2 -$ + ≡ $Fe 2 +$ →≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + $SO 4 2 -$ $SO 4 · -$ /·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Metal modification ^[17] Carbon modification ^[87,88,91] Metallic oxide modification ^[86]
MnFe₂O₄	(1)Fenton ^[31,33,34]	≡ $Mn 2 +$ + H₂O₂→·OH + ≡ $Mn 3 +$ + OH^-≡Fe²⁺+ H₂O₂→·OH + ≡Fe³⁺ + OH^- ·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[33]
MnFe₂O₄	(2)Persulfate oxidation ^{[92⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~100]}	≡ $Mn 2 +$ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡ $Mn 3 +$ + $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- ≡Fe²⁺ + $HSO 5 -$ → ≡Fe³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + OH^- S₂ $O 8 2 -$ + ≡ $Mn 2 +$ → ≡Mn³⁺+ $SO 4 · -$ + $SO 4 2 -$ $SO 4 · -$ +H₂O → $SO 4 2 -$ + ·OH + H⁺ $SO 4 · -$ /·OH + pollutants → degradation products	Carbon modification ^[95,99] Metallic oxide modification ^[97,100]

[1]	Yang S Y, Zhang A, Ren T F, Zhang Y T. Prog. Chem., 2017, 29(5): 539.
	(杨世迎, 张翱, 任腾飞, 张宜涛. 化学进展, 2017, 29(5): 539.). doi: 10.7536/PC170310
[2]	Bethi B, Sonawane S H, Bhanvase B A, Gumfekar S P. Chem. Eng. Process. Process. Intensif., 2016, 109: 178. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2016.08.016
[3]	Lv L, Hu C, Prog. Chem., 2017, 29: 981.
	(吕来, 胡春. 化学进展, 2017, 29: 981.). doi: 10.7536/PC170552
[4]	Scaria J, Gopinath A, Nidheesh P V. J. Clean. Prod., 2021, 278: 124014. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124014
[5]	Lu S, Liu L B, Demissie H, An G Y, Wang D S. Environ. Int., 2021, 146: 106273. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106273
[6]	Pang Y L, Lim S, Ong H C, Chong W T. Ceram. Int., 2016, 42(1): 9. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.08.144
[7]	Yang S Y, Ren T F, Zhang Y X, Zheng D, Xin J. Prog. Chem., 2017, 29(4): 388.
	(杨世迎, 任腾飞, 张艺萱, 郑迪, 辛佳. 化学进展, 2017, 29(4): 388.). doi: 10.7536/PC170133
[8]	Routray K L, Saha S, Behera D. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2019, 224: 29. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.11.073
[9]	Valente F, Astolfi L, Simoni E, Danti S, Franceschini V, Chicca M, Martini A. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 2017, 39: 28.
[10]	Šutka A, Gross K A. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem., 2016, 222: 95. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.08.027
[11]	Kefeni K K, Mamba B B, Msagati T A M. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2017, 188: 399. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.015
[12]	Li Z L, Lyu J C, Ge M. J. Mater. Sci., 2018, 53(21): 15081. doi: 10.1007/s10853-018-2699-0
[13]	Ge M, Chen Y Y, Liu M L, Li M. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2015, 3(4): 2809. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2015.10.011
[14]	Ge M, Hu Z. Ceram. Int., 2016, 42(5): 6510. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.01.035
[15]	Li Z L, Ai J Z, Ge M. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2017, 5(2): 1394. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.02.024
[16]	Li Z L, Lyu J C, Sun K L, Ge M. Mater. Lett., 2018, 214: 257. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.12.034
[17]	Li Z L, Guo C S, Lyu J C, Hu Z, Ge M. J. Hazard. Mater., 2019, 373: 85. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.075
[18]	Wang T Y, Bai Y C, Si W, Mao W, Gao Y H, Liu S X. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 2021, 404: 112856. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112856
[19]	Su M H, He C, Sharma V K, Abou Asi M, Xia D H, Li X Z, Deng H Q, Xiong Y. J. Hazard. Mater., 2012, 211/212: 95. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.006
[20]	Lu D B, Zhang Y, Lin S X, Wang L T, Wang C M. J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 579: 336. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.098
[21]	Wang F X, Chen Y L, Zhu R S, Sun J M. Dalton Trans., 2017, 46(34): 11306. doi: 10.1039/C7DT01528C
[22]	Zhang H, Liu J G, Ou C J, Faheem, Shen J Y, Jiao Z H, Han W Q, Sun X Y, Li J S, Wang L J. J. Environ. Sci., 2017, 53: 1. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.010
[23]	Chen Z, Gao Y T, Mu D Z, Shi H F, Lou D W, Liu S Y. Dalton Trans., 2019, 48(9): 3038. doi: 10.1039/c9dt00396g pmid: 30758024
[24]	Nawaz M, Shahzad A, Tahir K, Kim J, Moztahida M, Jang J, Alam M B, Lee S H, Jung H Y, Lee D S. Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 382: 123053. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123053
[25]	Guo X J, Wang D J. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2019, 7: 102814. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2018.102814
[26]	Feng X, Mao G Y, Bu F X, Cheng X L, Jiang D M, Jiang J S. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2013, 343: 126. doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.05.001
[27]	Annie Vinosha P, Jerome Das S. Mater. Today: Proc., 2018, 5(2): 8662.
[28]	Hassani A, Çelikdağ G, Eghbali P, Sevim M, Karaca S, Metin Ö. Ultrason. Sonochemistry, 2018, 40: 841. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.08.026
[29]	Wu Q, Zhang H, Zhou L C, Bao C, Zhu H, Zhang Y M. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 2016, 67: 484. doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.004
[30]	Deng Y M, Zhao X M, Luo J X, Wang Z, Tang J N. RSC Adv., 2020, 10(4): 1858. doi: 10.1039/C9RA09191B
[31]	Wang G, Zhao D Y, Kou F Y, Ouyang Q, Chen J Y, Fang Z Q. Chem. Eng. J., 2018, 351: 747. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.033
[32]	Peng X Y, Qu J Y, Tian S, Ding Y W, Hai X, Jiang B, Wu M B, Qiu J S. RSC Adv., 2016, 6(106): 104549. doi: 10.1039/C6RA24320G
[33]	Lai C, Huang F L, Zeng G M, Huang D L, Qin L, Cheng M, Zhang C, Li B S, Yi H, Liu S Y, Li L, Chen L. Chemosphere, 2019, 224: 910. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.193
[34]	Zhao W H, Wei Z Q, Zhang X D, Ding M J, Huang S P. Mater. Res. Bull., 2020, 124: 110749. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2019.110749
[35]	Wang Y B, Zhao H Y, Li M F, Fan J Q, Zhao G H. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2014, 147: 534. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.09.017
[36]	Faheem M, Jiang X B, Wang L J, Shen J Y. RSC Adv., 2018, 8(11): 5740. doi: 10.1039/C7RA13608K
[37]	Guo X J, Wang K B, Li D, Qin J B. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, 420: 792. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.178
[38]	Yao T J, Qi Y, Mei Y Q, Yang Y, Aleisa R, Tong X, Wu J. J. Hazard. Mater., 2019, 378: 120712. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.105
[39]	Ma S D, Feng J, Qin W J, Ju Y Y, Chen X G. RSC Adv., 2015, 5(66): 53514. doi: 10.1039/C5RA09114D
[40]	Yao Y J, Lu F, Zhu Y P, Wei F Y, Liu X T, Lian C, Wang S B. J. Hazard. Mater., 2015, 297: 224. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.046
[41]	Cao Y, Lei X Y, Chen Q L, Kang C, Li W X, Liu B J. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 2018, 364: 794. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.07.023
[42]	Wu S M, Xu Y, Li X L, Tong R F, Chen L, Han Y D, Wu J B, Zhang X. Inorg. Chem., 2018, 57(24): 15481. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02803
[43]	Sun Y Y, Wang W Z, Zhang L, Sun S M, Gao E P. Mater. Lett., 2013, 98: 124. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.02.014
[44]	Nguyen T B, Huang C P, Doong R A. Sci. Total. Environ., 2019, 646: 745. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.352
[45]	Nada A A, Nasr M, Viter R, Miele P, Roualdes S, Bechelany M. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2017, 121(44): 24669. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08567
[46]	Rameshbabu R, Kumar N, Karthigeyan A, Neppolian B. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2016, 181: 106. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.06.040
[47]	Wu S K, Shen X P, Zhu G X, Zhou H, Ji Z Y, Chen K M, Yuan A H. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2016, 184: 328. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.11.035
[48]	Kong L, Jiang Z, Xiao T C, Lu L F, Jones M O, Edwards P P. Chem. Commun., 2011, 47(19): 5512. doi: 10.1039/C1CC10446B
[49]	Chen M X, Dai Y Z, Guo J, Yang H T, Liu D N, Zhai Y L. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2019, 493: 1361. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.160
[50]	Zhou Y W, Fang S S, Zhou M, Wang G Q, Xue S, Li Z Y, Xu S, Yao C. J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 696: 353. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.323
[51]	Yosefi L, Haghighi M, Allahyari S. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2017, 178: 18. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.005
[52]	Chen X J, Dai Y Z, Liu T H, Guo J, Wang X Y, Li F F. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2015, 409: 198. doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.08.021
[53]	Li X J, Tang D L, Tang F, Zhu Y Y, He C F, Liu M H, Lin C X, Liu Y F. Mater. Res. Bull., 2014, 56: 125. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.05.013
[54]	He J, Cheng Y H, Wang T Z, Feng D Q, Zheng L C, Shao D W, Wang W C, Wang W H, Lu F, Dong H, Zheng R K, Liu H. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 440: 99. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.219
[55]	Ong W J, Tan L L, Ng Y H, Yong S T, Chai S P. Chem. Rev., 2016, 116(12): 7159. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00075
[56]	Zhang S W, Li J X, Zeng M Y, Zhao G X, Xu J Z, Hu W P, Wang X K. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5(23): 12735. doi: 10.1021/am404123z
[57]	Zhang D F, Pu X P, Du K P, Yu Y M, Shim J J, Cai P Q, Kim S I, Seo H J. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2014, 137: 82. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.09.025
[58]	Zhu Z R, Li X Y, Zhao Q D, Li Y H, Sun C Z, Cao Y Q. Mater. Res. Bull., 2013, 48(8): 2927. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.04.042
[59]	Liang J X, Wei Y, Zhang J G, Yao Y, He G Y, Tang B, Chen H Q. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2018, 57(12): 4311. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00218
[60]	Devi L G, Srinivas M. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2017, 5(4): 3243. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.06.023
[61]	Li Y L, Zhang Z Q, Pei L Y, Li X G, Fan T, Ji J, Shen J F, Ye M X. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2016, 190: 1.
[62]	Li X W, Xu H F, Wang L, Zhang L, Cao X F, Guo Y C. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 2018, 85: 257. doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.01.043
[63]	Patil S S, Tamboli M S, Deonikar V G, Umarji G G, Ambekar J D, Kulkarni M V, Kolekar S S, Kale B B, Patil D R. Dalton Trans., 2015, 44(47): 20426. doi: 10.1039/C5DT03173G
[64]	Gan L, Xu L J, Qian K. Mater. Des., 2016, 109: 354. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.043
[65]	Zhou T H, Zhang G Z, Ma P J, Qiu X L, Zhang H W, Yang H, Liu G. Mater. Lett., 2018, 210: 271. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.09.044
[66]	Zhou T H, Zhang G Z, Yang H, Zhang H W, Suo R N, Xie Y S, Liu G. RSC Adv., 2018, 8(49): 28179. doi: 10.1039/C8RA02962H
[67]	Chao D Y, Liu Y B, Zhu Z L. Mater. Lett., 2018, 217: 239. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.01.084
[68]	Zhai Y L, Dai Y Z, Guo J, Zhou L L, Chen M X, Yang H T, Peng L P. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2020, 560: 111. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.065
[69]	Long A H, Lei Y, Zhang H. Prog. Chem., 2014, 26(5): 898.
	(龙安华, 雷洋, 张晖. 化学进展, 2014, 26(5): 898.).
[70]	Wacławek S, Lutze H V, Grübel K, Padil V V T, Černík M, Dionysiou D D. Chem. Eng. J., 2017, 330: 44. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.132
[71]	Duan X G, Sun H Q, Kang J, Wang Y X, Indrawirawan S, Wang S B. ACS Catal., 2015, 5(8): 4629. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00774
[72]	Li J, Xu M J, Yao G, Lai B. Chem. Eng. J., 2018, 348: 1012. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.032
[73]	Song Q Y, Feng Y P, Wang Z, Liu G G, Lv W. Sci. Total. Environ., 2019, 681: 331. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.105
[74]	Wang Q F, Shao Y S, Gao N Y, Chu W H, Chen J X, Lu X, Zhu Y P, An N. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2017, 189: 176. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.046
[75]	Du Y C, Ma W J, Liu P X, Zou B H, Ma J. J. Hazard. Mater., 2016, 308: 58. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.035
[76]	Yao Y J, Yang Z H, Zhang D W, Peng W C, Sun H Q, Wang S B. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2012, 51(17): 6044. doi: 10.1021/ie300271p
[77]	Chen L W, Ding D H, Liu C, Cai H, Qu Y, Yang S J, Gao Y, Cai T M. Chem. Eng. J., 2018, 334: 273. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.040
[78]	Xu M J, Li J, Yan Y, Zhao X G, Yan J F, Zhang Y H, Lai B, Chen X, Song L P. Chem. Eng. J., 2019, 369: 403. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.075
[79]	Wu L Y, Zhang Q, Hong J M, Dong Z Y, Wang J. Chemosphere, 2019, 221: 412. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.049
[80]	Ding Y B, Zhu L H, Wang N, Tang H Q. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2013, 129: 153. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.09.015
[81]	Zhang T, Zhu H B, Croué J P. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47(6): 2784. doi: 10.1021/es304721g pmid: 23439015
[82]	Xu Y, Ai J, Zhang H. J. Hazard. Mater., 2016, 309: 87. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.023
[83]	Wang Y R, Tian D F, Chu W, Li M R, Lu X W. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2019, 212: 536. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.051
[84]	Qin W X, Fang G D, Wang Y J, Zhou D M. Chem. Eng. J., 2018, 348: 526. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.215
[85]	Ye P, Wu D M, Wang M Y, Wei Y, Xu A H, Li X X. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 428: 131. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.107
[86]	Oh W D, Dong Z L, Hu Z T, Lim T T. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3(44): 22208. doi: 10.1039/C5TA06563A
[87]	Kong J, Li R B, Wang F L, Chen P, Liu H J, Liu G G, Lv W. RSC Adv., 2018, 8(44): 24787. doi: 10.1039/C8RA04103B
[88]	Li Z Q, Ma S L, Xu S J, Fu H C, Li Y, Zhao P, Meng Q X. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2019, 577: 202. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.067
[89]	Dong X B, Ren B X, Sun Z M, Li C Q, Zhang X W, Kong M H, Zheng S L, Dionysiou D D. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2019, 253: 206. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.04.052
[90]	Li J, Ren Y, Ji F Z, Lai B. Chem. Eng. J., 2017, 324: 63. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.104
[91]	Zhang X L, Feng M B, Qu R J, Liu H, Wang L S, Wang Z Y. Chem. Eng. J., 2016, 301: 1. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.096
[92]	Deng J, Feng S F, Ma X Y, Tan C Q, Wang H Y, Zhou S Q, Zhang T Q, Li J. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2016, 167: 181. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.035
[93]	Deng J, Xu M Y, Qiu C G, Chen Y, Ma X Y, Gao N Y, Li X Y. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 459: 138. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.07.198
[94]	So H L, Lin K Y, Chu W, Gong H. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2020, 59(10): 4257. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05481
[95]	Yao Y J, Cai Y M, Lu F, Wei F Y, Wang X Y, Wang S B. J. Hazard. Mater., 2014, 270: 61. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.027
[96]	Fu H C, Ma S L, Zhao P, Xu S J, Zhan S H. Chem. Eng. J., 2019, 360: 157. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.207
[97]	Chen G, Zhang X Y, Gao Y J, Zhu G X, Cheng Q F, Cheng X W. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2019, 213: 456. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.049
[98]	Stoia M, Muntean C, Militaru B. J. Environ. Sci., 2017, 53: 269. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.035
[99]	Li Y, Yang Z Q, Zhang H G, Tong X W, Feng J N. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2017, 529: 856. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.043
[100]	Ma Q L, Zhang H X, Zhang X Y, Li B, Guo R N, Cheng Q F, Cheng X W. Chem. Eng. J., 2019, 360: 848. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.036
[101]	Jiang R, Zhu H Y, Li J B, Fu F Q, Yao J, Jiang S T, Zeng G M. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2016, 364: 604. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.12.200
[102]	Huang S Q, Xu Y G, Liu Q Q, Zhou T, Zhao Y, Jing L Q, Xu H, Li H M. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2017, 218: 174. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.030

[1]	Liu Yvfei, Zhang Mi, Lu Meng, Lan Yaqian. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2023, 35(3): 349-359.
[2]	Xiaoqing Ma. Graphynes for Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(5): 1042-1060.
[3]	Xiaowei Li, Lei Zhang, Qixin Xing, Jinyu Zan, Jin Zhou, Shuping Zhuo. Construction of Magnetic NiFe₂O₄-Based Composite Materials and Their Applications in Photocatalysis [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(4): 950-962.
[4]	Xin Pang, Shixiang Xue, Tong Zhou, Hudie Yuan, Chong Liu, Wanying Lei. Advances in Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus-Based Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Applications [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(3): 630-642.
[5]	Zitong Zhao, Zhenzhen Zhang, Zhihong Liang. The Activity Origin, Catalytic Mechanism and Future Application of Peptide-Based Artificial Hydrolase [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(11): 2386-2404.
[6]	Wenjing Wang, Di Zeng, Juxue Wang, Yu Zhang, Ling Zhang, Wenzhong Wang. Synthesis and Application of Bismuth-Based Metal-Organic Framework [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(11): 2405-2416.
[7]	Chenliu Tang, Yunjie Zou, Mingkai Xu, Lan Ling. Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Iron Complexes [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(1): 142-154.
[8]	Yuan Su, Keming Ji, Jiayao Xun, Liang Zhao, Kan Zhang, Ping Liu. Catalysts for Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde and Reaction Mechanism [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(9): 1560-1570.
[9]	Yifan Zhao, Qiyun Mao, Xiaoya Zhai, Guoying Zhang. Structural Defects Regulation of Bismuth Molybdate Photocatalyst [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(8): 1331-1343.
[10]	Xiaoping Chen, Qiaoshan Chen, Jinhong Bi. Photocatalytic Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soil [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(8): 1323-1330.
[11]	Jia Liu, Jun Shi, Kun Fu, Chao Ding, Sicheng Gong, Huiping Deng. Heterogeneous Catalytic Persulfate Oxidation of Organic Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment: Nonradical Mechanism [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(8): 1311-1322.
[12]	Hongfei Bi, Jinsong Liu, Zhengying Wu, He Suo, Xueliang Lv, Yunlong Fu. Modified Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Indium Zinc Sulfide [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(12): 2334-2347.
[13]	Hanqiang Zhou, Mingfei Yu, Qiaoshan Chen, Jianchun Wang, Jinhong Bi. Synthesis, Modification of Bismuth Oxyiodide Photocatalyst for Purification of Nitric Oxide [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(12): 2404-2412.
[14]	Jingchen Tian, Gongde Wu, Yanjun Liu, Jie Wan, Xiaoli Wang, Lin Deng. Application of Supported Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for Formaldehyde Oxidation at Low Temperature [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(11): 2069-2084.
[15]	Yong Feng, Yu Li, Guangguo Ying. Micro-Interface Electron Transfer Oxidation Based on Persulfate Activation [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(11): 2138-2149.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Application of Spinel Ferrite-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes in Organic Wastewater Treatment

About journal

About journal

Editorial board

Ethical statements

Contact

Cooperation

Browse

Current issue

Earlier issues

Special issues

Special topics

Feature section

MiniAccounts

Foot print of Chinese chemistry

Browse by areas

Top downloaded

Top viewed

Top cited

Just accepted

Author center

Guide for author

Submission now

Download center

Manuscript center

Editor login

EiC login

Peer reviewer login

Subscription

Print journal

E-mail Alert

Rss

Feedback

News

Application of Spinel Ferrite-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes in Organic Wastewater Treatment