Dr.Hou is one of the exploiters of Chinese petroleum refining technology. Numerous noble knowledge, expierences and spirit of devotion accumulated in his life light the successor generator. As a student and coworker, the author memories his contribution in some aspects ,such as how to solve the problem of jet fuel quality, encouraging innovations on petroleum processing ,macro-strategic studies on petroleum supply and demand in China and the religious attitude on doing scholarly research. Dr. Hou’s spirit in life and work will be kept in mind from generation to generation.

Theoretic researches on the activation and oxidation of hydrocarbons can lead to a deep understanding about the catalytic mechanism of different catalysts. It is helpful for designing and synthesizing more effective catalysts and oxidants for the activation and oxidation of hydrocarbons. The recent progresses in these fields were summarized in this paper. It focuses on the activation and oxidation on a series of hydrocarbons (from CH4 to these hydrocarbons with six carbons). The catalysts and oxidants reported here include organic metal compounds and inorganic compounds (such as molecular sieves, metal clusters, metal oxidates and so on). This paper is organized in the frame of different substrates. For the activation and oxidation of each substrate, different reaction processes with different catalysts and oxidants are introduced and compared.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Two-state reactivity of catalysts with transition metal
3 Computational methods
4 Substrate with one carbon (Methane)
4.1 Reactions catalyzed by organic metal compounds
4.2 Reactions catalyzed by inorganic compounds
5 Substrates with two carbons
5.1 Ethane
5.2 Ethene
6 Substrates with three carbons
7 Substrates with 4~6 carbons
8 Conclusions and remarks

Metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular catalyst is one of the most important research subjects in supramolecular catalysis. Supramolecular micro-reactors containing the metalloporphyrin backbone provide a specific micro-environment for the active sites in catalytic processes, which can greatly improve the selectivities and catalytic efficiencies of the catalysts. This review presents the recent progress in the design, structures and catalytic properties of metalloporphyrins as supramolecular catalysts from the aspects of the construction of supramolecular catalyst precursors (based on cyclodextrin, template, etc.) and their catalytic applications (in mimicking cytochrome P450 enzymes, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, etc), as well as a perspective of the future development in this field.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular catalysts
2.1 Metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular catalysts based on cyclodextrin
2.2 Metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular catalysts in mimicking cytochrome P-450 enzymes
2.3 Metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular catalysts in electrocatalysis
2.4 Metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular catalysts based on template
2.5 Metalloporphyrin-based supramolecular catalysts in photocatalysis
2.6 Others
3 Conclusions

Effects of types and numbers of hydrogen bonds in the isolated amino acids on both the relative stabilities of conformers and their photoionization dissociation dynamics are reviewed. The thermodynamic stabilities of the conformers are enhanced by the strong intramolecular N···H–O and C=O···H–O hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the N···H–O hydrogen bond leads to the high ionization energy of the specific conformer, and carbon dioxideis released after the intramolecular proton transfer in the ionization promotion. Cationic amino acids are distinctly different from the neutral, and some cations may be dissociated via the cleavages of carbon-carbon bonds. The remarkable stereo effects are observed in the threshold photoionization dissociation processes of serine conformers.

Contents
1 Conformers and Hydrogen Bonds of Amino Acids
2 Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds and Conformational Stabilities
3 Photoionization and Dissociation Dynamics
4 Conclusion

This review summarizes the progress in the preparation of nanocomposites by supercritical fluid deposition method. Possessing attracting characteristics such as zero surface tension, tunable properties with pressure and temperature, and high solvent efficiency, supercritical fluids are used to prepare high-quality nanoparticals, thin films, and nanoporous materials. The adsorption, thermodynamics and kinetics during the supercritical fluid deposition are also discussed in this review. The deposition mechanisms proposed by different authors are summarized. It is indicated that the supercritical fluid deposition is an effective method for preparing nanocomposites. Finally, some key issues to be resolved are pointed out and the prospects for future research are proposed.

Contents
1 Preface
2 Experimental researches of preparing nanocomposites using SCFD method
2.1 Metallic nanoparticles deposition into the pores of the substrates
2.2 Metallic nanoparticles deposition on the outer surface of the substrates
2.3 Metallic film or particles deposition on the surface of the substrates
2.4 Preparing porous nanophase materials using NC-SCF method
3 The adsorption, thermodynamics and dynamics for SCFD processs
4 Investigation of the deposition mechanism in SCFD
5 Conclusions

Janus particles have asymmetry dual-faced structure, attributing to their particular properties, their potential application fields are numerous, such as emulsion stabilization, photonics, biosensors, drug delivery, and electronics. The recent progress on the synthesis of Janus particles is reviewed. Five general routes for the synthesis of Janus particles, i.e. microfluidic shaping, toposelective surface modification, template-directed self-assembly, controlled phase separation and controlled surface nucleation are discussed in detail. Existing problems for each fabrication technique are also concerned. In the view of low cost and high yield, the routes based on controlled phase separation and controlled surface nucleation will be probably developed more widely.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The synthesis of Janus particles
2.1 Microfluidic system preparation
2.2 Toposelective surface modification
2.3 Template-directed self-assembly
2.4 Controlled phase separation
2.5 Controlled surface nucleation
3 The application of Janus particles
4 Conclusion

Being of high activity and good selectivity in C₅⁺ hydrocarbons, noble metal promoted cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts are widely utilized in carbon monoxide hydrogenation to clean fuels or long chain hydrocarbons. The effects of noble metal promoter on the structure of Co active species are reviewed and discussed in this paper, as well as the reducibility, dispersion, the formation of bimetallic particles or alloy, and the influences on their catalytic performances.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Effects of noble metal promoter on supported cobalt catalysts
2.1 Reducibility of FT cobalt catalysts promoted by noble metal
2.2 Dispersion of noble metal promoted nano-cobalt catalysts
2.3 Formation and effects of bimetallic cobalt-noble metal FT catalysts
3 Effects of noble metal on the deactivation behaviors of promoted FT cobalt catalysts
4 Effects of noble metal addition on the Fischer-Tropsch performances and product distribution
5 Summary

Electrolyte plays important roles on the performances of lithium ion batteries (LIB). Much attention has been attracted to the investigation of functional additives to the organic electrolytes in recent years. This paper is intended to review the recent progresses on the study of safety-enhancing additives including flame retardants to the commercially avaliable carbonates-based electrolytes and overcharge protection(such as redox shuttles, potential-sensitive and temperature-sensitive) additives to the electrode as well as to the electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. The research status and the perspectives of each type of the additives are commented after an introduction to their operational mechanisms and electrochemical performances.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Flame-retardant additives
2.1 Flame-retardant mechanism
2.2 Flame-retardant additives
3 Overcharge protection additives
3.1 Redox shuttle additives
3.2 Potential-sensitive additives
3.3 Temperature-sensitive additives
4 Conclusions

Coiled carbon nanotubes (CCNTs) are CNTs with spiral structure. The CCNTs possesses unique properties of helix, chirality and nonlinear mechanical behavior. It attracts great interests in the synthesis, growth mechanisms and application developments. The CCNTs is commonly synthesized by catalyst-supported chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and floating catalyst CVD. The selective production of CCNTs has been achieved. Based on the analysis of the formation mechanism of CCNTs, the prospects on structure modulation of CCNTs are investigated. The challenges in this field include delicate control of parameters in structure, the synthesis of CCNTs in ring, double helix and the selective production of CCNTs with chirality. Due to the unique properties, some CCNTs have potential applications in nano-electromechanical devices, composite reinforcements, etc. The applications based on single CCNT, CCNTs array and macroscopic quantity of CCNTs are briefly outlined as well.

Content
1 Introduction
2 CCNTs synthesis
2.1 Chemical vapor deposition with supported catalyst
2.2 Chemical vapor deposition with floating catalyst
3 Formation mechanism and structure modulations
3.1 Formation mechanism of CCNTs
3.2 Structure modulations of CCNTs
4 Applications of CCNTs
4.1 Application based on single CCNT
4.2 Application based on CCNTs array
4.3 Application based on macroscopic quantity of CCNTs
5 Conclusions

Au(III) complexes have been extensively studied for their potential antitumor activity in the research of metallodrugs. In this paper, the stable Au(III) complexes are classified according to the coordination atoms and their characteristic structure. The recent development of the researches on the antitumor activity of Au(III) complexes including the structure-activity relationship, biological targets and the mechanisms of action are reviewed. The structure of the coordination ligand and the leaving group have great impact on the in vitro cytotoxicity of the Au(III) complex. Many physical and biological methods are introduced to study the interaction between the Au(III) complexes and the suspected bio-target, such as DNA, protein, mitochondrion, thio-containing biomolecules, etc. The interaction modes (intercalating, electrostatic interaction, covalent bonding, etc.) are focused to illustrate the reason for the antitumor activity of Au(III) complexes. Some new approaches are proposed for the designing and producing of a target-specific drug with a suitable pharmacological activity.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Structures of Au(III) complexes
2.1 N-coordinated Au(III) complexes
2.2 C-coordinated Au(III) complexes
2.3 {N,C}-coordinated Au(III) complexes
2.4 O/S/P/Se/Te-coordinated Au(III) complexes
2.5 Five/Six-coordinated Au(III) complexes
3 Antitumor activity of Au(III) complexes
3.1 Structure-activity relationship
3.2 Mechanism for the antitumor Au(III) complexes
4 Perspective of Au(III) complex
5 Conclusion

Organic photochromic compounds are novel organic functional compounds, which can be widely used in optical storages, optical switches, optical conversion devices and other fields. This article reviews the recent progresses in the study of the bisphotochromic compounds and the multifunctional photochromic compounds having fluorescent or magnetic properties. Future developments are prospected finally.

Contents
1 Bisphotochromic compounds
2 Multifunctional photochromic compounds with fluorescent properties
3 Multifunctional photochromic compounds with magnetic properties
4 Conclusions and outlook

Adipic acid is a most important organic synthetic intermediate, and much attention has been paid for its green synthesis process because of disadvantages in current technology. In this paper, recent developments on catalytic oxidation systems of Environmental-friendly synthesis of adipic acid are reviewed, in which hydrogen peroxide, oxygen or ozone is used as clean oxidant and cyclohexene, cyclohexone and/or cyclohexanol as substrate. The focus is especially on the catalytic system of tungstate-H₂O₂, and several other new synthetic methods of adipic acid are also summarized. At the same time, advantages and disadvantages of each catalytic system are discussed on the aspects of solvent, yield and post-processing. Based on the discussions for these systems, the supported catalyst-hydrogen peroxide system will be a perfect one for the industrialization in the future.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Catalytic oxidation systems of tungsten-contained compounds and hydrogen peroxide
2.1 Sodium tungstate and its complex
2.2 Heteropoly acid, heteropolyacid salts and their peroxides
2.3 Tungstic acid
2.4 Tungsten trioxide
3 Catalytic oxidation systems of supported catalysts-hydrogen peroxide
4 Catalytic oxidation systems of molecular sieve-hydrogen peroxide
5 Supercritical method
6 Biosynthesis
7 Ozonolysis
8 Conclusion

The progress in the preparation of interconnected porous polymer materials via emulsion template is reviewed, mainly including the synthesis of interconnected porous polymer monoliths by high internal phase emulsion and that of porous or multi-hollow polymer microspheres through double emulsion (or multiple emulsion). The problem and development of porous polymer materials during recent research are discussed. The functional defects and correlative surface modification of synthetic porous polymer materials are introduced. The potential application and research prospects of the interconnected porous polymer materials in the future are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of interconnected porous polymer materials via emulsion template
2.1 The synthesis of porous polymer monoliths by high internal phase emulsion
2.2 The synthesis of porous or multi-hollow polymer microspheres by double emulsion
3 The surface functional modification of porous polymer materials
4 The problem and research prospects of the interconnected porous polymer materials

The present article reviews the recent progress of half-metallocene with donor ligand(s) as catalyst for olefin polymerization. Half-metallocene with donor ligand(s) is an important type of catalyst for olefin polymerization, and attracts more and more attentions. As a novel type of polymerization catalyst, the complex with clear structure could be synthesized in simple procedure. Using as catalyst for olefin polymerization, high activity is available, and affording polymer with high molecular weight. For olefin copolymerization, excellent copolymerization ability could be observed, and some of obtain copolymers could not be produced by Ziegler-Natta catalyst and traditional metallocene catalyst systems. Polymerization behavior and polymer structure could be adjusted through balancing the structure of cyclopentadienyl ligand and donor ligand. The homo- and co-polymerization of ethylene and alpha-olefin, copolymerization of ethylene and cyclic olefin, and styrene polymerization are involved.

Contents
1 Half-metallocene ligated with aryloxy (alkyloxy) group
1.1 Ethylene polymerization
1.2 Copolymerization of ethylene with a-olefin
1.3 Copolymerization of ethylene with cyclic olefin
1.4 Styrene (co)polymerization
2 Half-metallocene ligated with nitrogen atom
3 Bridged half-metallocene

With the continuous development in microfluidic fabrication technology, microfluidic analysis has evolved from a concept to one of research frontiers in last twenty years. The immunoassay methods based on microfluidic devices have also made great progress. Such devices consist of microchannels for transporting fluids integrated with part or all of the necessary components of an immunoassay procedure. Microfluidic technology improves greatly the analytical performance of immunoassays by reducing the consumption of reagents, decreasing the analysis time, and developing automation. This review focuses on the development and classification of microfluidic immunoassays, and the characteristics of each type of chips and their performances are also discussed．

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Classification and characteristics of microfluidic chip-based immunoassay
3 Homogeneous and heterogeneous immunoassay on microfluidic chips
3.1 Homogeneous immunoassay
3.2 Hetergeneous immunoassay
4 Perspectives

Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is a newly developed miniaturized sample pretreatment technique. It integrates extraction, clean-up and concentration and has the advantages, such as, using less solvent, low cost, convenience, good accuracy and high sensitivity. In this paper the operation patterns of LPME, as well as their principles and features are comprehensively reviewed. The hyphenated methods related to LPME and their applicabilities are discussed. The main factors influencing LPME and the optimization methods are summarized and analyzed. And the research advances with further potentials in above aspects are emphasized, including the new dynamic LPME modes and apparatus, new strategies of combination use with other techniques, and using ionic liquids as solvents, etc. The recent applications of LPME in environment, medicine and food analysis are described in detail.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Basic extraction patterns and principles
2.1 Single-drop microextraction(SDME)
2.2 Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME)
2.3 Continuous-flow microextraction(CFME)
2.4 Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME)
3 LPME coupled with other techniques
3.1 Coupled with derivatization
3.2 Coupled with pressured hot water extraction
3.3 Coupled with analytical instruments
4 Parameters affecting LPME
4.1 Effect of extraction solvent
4.2 Effect of extraction temperature
4.3 Effect of salt and pH
4.4 Effect of stirring speed
5 Application of LPME
5.1 Environmental analysis
5.2 Medicine analysis
5.3 Food analysis
6 Conclusion

Extensive attention has been given to the application of soy protein in various field. Thus, studies on the structures and properties of soy protein and related modified materials have become more and more important. Mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIR) and near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR) are powerful analytical tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of protein. MIR spectroscopy can be utilized to analyze the secondary structures of soy protein in solution and membrane and the changes in structure of the protein in derived materials effectively, while NIR spectroscopy owns unique advantages in the quantitative analysis of protein. In this review, some research works conducted with these two spectral techniques are introduced. All the examples show the great values in the applications of mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy in the field of soy protein.

Contents
1 Application of MIR Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Soy Protein Structure
1.1 Study of Soy Protein Solution and Film by MIR Spectroscopy
1.2 Study of Soy Protein Materials by MIR Spectroscopy
2 Application of NIR Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Soy Protein
3 Summary

Magnesium ion sensors are extensively required because this biologically most abundant divalent cation plays vital roles in many biological processes. This article outlines recent activities regarding the development of molecular sensors that can visualize the presence of magnesium ions through changes of their fluorescence properties. Eight different sensing systems are discussed: quinoline-based sensors, β-diketone-based sensors, crown ethers/polyethers-based sensors, carboxylic acid-based sensors, fluorescein/rhodamine-based sensors, complex-based sensors, polymer-based sensors and nanomaterial-based sensors. Typical examples are presented for each class and different fluorescent sensors for the detection of magnesium ions are summarized and compared.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Quinoline-based ionophores
3 b-Diketone ionophores
3.1 Intramolecular charge transfer
3.2 Photoinduced electron transfer
4 Crown ethers/polyethers-based ionophores
5 Carboxylic acid-based ionophores
6 Fluorescein/rhodamine-based ionophores
7 Complex-based ionophores
8 Polymer-based ionophores
9 Nanomaterial-based ionophores
10 Other ionophores
11 Conclusion

The aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides selected in vitro that can bind their targets with high affinity and high specificity. As a kind of new and special recognition molecules, the aptamers present notable advantages over conventional recognition molecules, such as antibody, thus they have received great attention and been widely utilized in various fields involving molecular recognition and relevant applications, especially in biosensing. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress of aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors, involving introduction of aptamer and “signal-on”-type, “signal-off”-type, enzyme-labeled, nanoparticle-labeled and nonlabeled aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors.

Contents
1 Brief introduction of aptamer
2 Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor
2.1 Labeled aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor
2.2 Non-labeled aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor
3 Conclusions and perspectives

Protein detection has been a topic of significant interest for proteomics. Intense research activities are carried out worldwide to develop rapid, specific and sensitive detection devices for protein, while the detection methodologies for protein based on antibodies cannot meet the demand of the human proteome. Now aptamers have been emerging as a new protein recognition element in wide range of bioassays and have attracted a considerable attention due to their ability to bind target protein with high affinity and specificity and have many advantages over antibodies, including simpler synthesis, easier storage, reproducibility, and wider applicability. These properties make aptamers ideal candidates as protein recognition elements. This review highlights the origin(including the basic principle of SELEX), characteristics of the aptamer. The basic principle, classification and application of the aptamer based biosensor are reviewed and discussed. Finally the prospect of the aptamer based biosenor is proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Aptamer
2.1 SELEX technology
2.2 Characteristics of aptamer
3 Principle of the aptamer based biosensor
4 Classification of the aptamer based biosensor
4.1 Optical aptamer based biosensor
4.2 Piezoelectric aptamer based biosensor
4.3 Electrochemical aptamer based biosensor
5 Application of nanoparticles in aptamer based biosensor
6 Application of the aptamer based biosensor
7 Prospoects of the aptamer based biosensor

 Conjugated polymers exhibit excellent electronic and luminescent properties due to their special π-electronic system and conjugated delocalized structure. The fluorescence intensity and emission wavelength of them vary obviously and selectively with different interaction between conjugated polymer and different detected compounds. The fluorescence signals deriving from the interaction between conjugated polymer and detected compounds are often amplified because the effective electrons and energy transfer along the main-chain of conjugated polymers, which can respond high-sensibly to analytes and exceed to that of small model compound of conjugated polymer. The novel chemical and biological sensors based on conjugated polymers are developed. Many conjugated polymers, including poly(thiophene)s, Poly(fluorene-co-phenylene)s, poly(phenyleneethynylene)s and poly(phenylene vinylene)s are used to detect biomacromolecules. In the present paper, the recent progress of conjugated polymers as biosensors is summarized, and the assay of protein, DNA and toxin using fluorescence conjugated polymers is discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Application of conjugated polymers in detecting biomacromolecules
2.1 Detecting of protein
2.2 Detecting of DNA
2.3 Detecting of toxin
3 Conclusion

In recent years, as a powerful analytical tool used in glycobiology research, the carbohydrate microarrays have been widely used. Efficient immobilization technique for carbohydrates on a solid surface is the most difficult and important steps for the successful preparation of carbohydrate microarrays. These make it a challenging subject in preparation and the related fields. This paper focuses on three main strategies for carbohydrate probes:(1)unmodified carbohydrates' non-covalent immobilization,(2)modified carbohydrates' non-covalent immobilization,(3)modified carbohydrates' covalent immobilization, and then prospects their future development.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Immobilization strategies for carbohydrate microarrays
2.1 Nonspecific and noncovalent immobilization strategies.
2.2 Site-specific but noncovalent immobilization strategies.
2.3 Site-specific and covalent immobilization strategies.
2.4 Other immobilization strategies
3 Conclusions and prospects

One-dimensional metal/semiconductor heterojunction nanomaterials have been tremendously concerned because of their novel structures, unique electrical and optical properties, and central roles in fabricating electronic nanodevices. In this paper, the recent progress in synthesis and property study of metal/semiconductor heterojunction nanomaterials has been systematically reviewed based on the latest literatures and our works. Some important synthetic methods such as chemical vapor deposition method, thermal evaporation deposition method, template method, self-assembly method, and solution-phase method are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages of the heterojunction nanomaterials are analyzed. The properties of the metal/semiconductor nanomaterials such as Coulomb blockade effect, Schottky diode behaviour, Ohmic contact property, and eletroluminescence property are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that solution-phase method to effectively prepare the high-quality metal/semiconductor nanaomaterials is indicated as the dominant orientation of future development on the preparation and property study of the heterojunction nanomaterials.

Contents
1 Synthetic methods of one-dimensional metal/semiconductor heterojunction nanomaterials
1.1 Chemical vapor deposition method
1.2 Thermal evaporation deposition method
1.3 Template method
1.4 Self-assembly method
1.5 Solution-phase method
2 Property study of one-dimensional metal/semiconductor heterojunction nanomaterials
2.1 Coulomb blockade effect
2.2 Schottky diode behaviour
2.3 Ohmic contact property
2.4 Electroluminescence property
3 Conclusions and prospect

The mesoporous materials have attracted great interest for their peculiar properties and potential applications in many filed. In this paper, the recent research progress,in proton and lithium ionic conductivity in pure mesoporous oxides, modified mesoporous oxides within the pore channels, wall-hybrid mesoporous oxide, mesoporous oxides films, and mesoporous oxide/polymer hybrid membrane are summarized.

Contents
1 Proton conductivity of mesoporous oxides
2 Proton of Li⁺ conductivity of modificated mesoporous oxides
3 Proton conductivity of dopped mesoporous oxides
4 Proton conductivity of mesoporous oxides membranes
5 Polymer hybrid membranes

Metalloporphyrin chemistry is an important branch in modern chemical field. In nature, the core structure of chlorophyll, haemachrome, cytochrome, and other biological macromolecules are made up of various met-alloporphyrins (MP). The MPs can participate in a series of important processes in the organism, especially in the transfer processes of messenger gaseous molecules. The bionic interactions of various MPs with O₂, CO_x, NO_x and H₂S are summarized in this paper. The interactions are very important for the fixation and transfer processes of these gases in body, for the industrial processes, and for the bio-simulated processes. In the near future, with the rapid development in the synthesizing processes and the deeper researches of various characters of new MPs, the natural and man-made MPs will get more development in biomedicine, power sources, analytical chemistry, synthesized catalysis, and the transfer and fixation processes of gaseous molecules.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Interaction of MP with O₂
3 Interaction of MP with CO_x
4 Interaction of MP with NO_x
5 Interaction of MP with H₂S
6 Summary

Some animals such as the gecko have the hairlike plantar structures. They have very strong attaching and dettaching ability which is increasingly attracting scientists’ attention and becomes the hot point in scientific research. The adhesive force produced by the gecko is different from others produced by the commom bonds like the gluewater. It can appear or disappear when needed(dynamic adsorption). A huge potential application is prospected for producing several gecko-liked materials or apparatuses. In this paper, the dynamic adsorption of gecko and the new research results of nano-bionic materials based on this theory in chemistry, physics, biology and materials science are introduced with the prospects in this field proposed.

Contents
1 Dynamic adsorption of gecko
1.1 Gecko's adsorptive mechanism
1.2 Gecko's detached mechanism
1.3 Mechanical model of gecko's adsoption
2 Nano-biomaterials
2.1 Nano-biomaterials' size
2.2 Nano-biomaterials' selection
2.3 Nano-biomaterials' preparation
3 Prospect

Olefin metathesis opens up new industrial processes for the production of important olefins in the field of petrochemicals. In particular, the production of propylene and other important olefins via olefins metathesis reaction from n-butenes feedstock has received considerable attention. The most recent progress of olefin cross-metathesis reaction process, reactive mechanism, catalytic theory and catalysts for metathesis is reviewed in this paper and we try to explain the improved aspect of catalyst performance and provide reference for the study of metathesis catalyst afterwards.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Cross metathesis process
2.1 Olefin conversion technology
2.2 Meta-4 technology
2.3 BASF technology
2.4 Sasol technology
2.5 SHOP technology
3 Cross-metathesis catalysts
3.1 WO₃/SiO₂ catalyst
3.2 Re₂O₇/Al₂O₃ catalyst
3.3 MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst
3.4 Catalytic performance comparison among three kinds of catalysts
4 Mechanisms of metathesis reaction
4.1 Mechanisms of metathesis reaction over WO₃/SiO₂ catalyst
4.2 Mechanisms of metathesis reaction over Re₂O₇/Al₂O₃ catalyst
4.3 Mechanisms of metathesis reaction over MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst
5 Conclusion

Polychlorinated pesticides and herbicides are of important organic pollutants in soils owing to their poor biodegradability. Recently, the interfacial dechlorinating transformation of polychlorinated compounds has attracted a great attention in the field of soil environmental sciences. This paper reviews the abiotic dechlorinating reactions, respiration dechlorinating reactions, and the chemically and microbiologically interactive dechlorinating reactions at the soil interface. The heterogeneous cycles of Fe(III)/Fe(II) species, and the dissimilatory reduction of iron oxides play vital roles during interfacial dechlorinating reactions. The mechanisms of chemically and microbiologically interactive reactions are discussed. The interfacial dechlorinating transformation interacts with some important soil chemical processes and plants rhizosphere processes. This paper provides some new insight for the study of soil chemically and microbiologically interactive reactions of dechlorinating transformation in China.

Contents
1 The abiotic dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds
1.1 The abiotic dechlorinating transformation of chlorinated organic compounds
1.2 The role of iron species during the abiotic dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds
2 The chlororespiration of chlorinated organic compounds and dissimilatory iron reduction
2.1 The chlororespiration of chlorinated organic compounds
2.2 Dissimilatory iron reduction
3 Cycles of the iron species in the interfacial interactive reaction
3.1 The mechanism of iron species transformation and cycles
3.2 The interactive mechanisms of dissimilatory reduction of iron oxides and abiotic dechlorination transformation
4 The relationship between dechlorination transformation and soil chemical processes
4.1 The redox potential of the usual soil elements
4.2 The relationship between dechlorination transformation and soil rhizosphere processes
5 Prospects