Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of the preparation methods for aggregation structures and have witnessed a continuous expansion of the application areas, which afford the opportunity to construct molecular devices with smaller size, stronger function and better performance. The organic conjugated molecules based on π system have attracted an increasing attention as a novel unit for the building of nanostructures. In this paper, beginning with the introduction of the concept and characteristic of nanomaterials, we discuss the construction methods for supramolecular functional materials based on organic π- conjugated and inorganic/organic hybrid systems. For organic π- conjugated system, the methods include vapor deposition, template and classic self-assembly. For inorganic/organic hybrid system, the methods include sol-gel, intercalation, blending, template and supramolecular self-assembly. Among these methods, we focus on the classic self-assembly one for organic system. In the process of self-assembly, several driving forces have important influence on the aggregation morphologies, including π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, dipole-dipole interaction, metal coordination, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Although in this process, one or two driving force predominate, several driving forces are involved actually. On the basis of the preparation of nanomaterials, we discuss the construction of functional molecular devices and their wide applications in the fields of field emission, photoelectric detection, solar cells, sensors, nonlinear optical and optical waveguide materials.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Supramolecular functional materials based on organic molecules
2.1 The preparation of supramolecular functional materials based on organic molecules
2.2 The driving forces of self-assembly
2.3 The applications of supramolecular functional materials based on organic molecules
3 Supramolecular functional materials based on inorganic/organic hybrid systems
3.1 The preparation of supramolecular functional materials based on inorganic/organic hybrid systems
3.2 The applications of supramolecular functional materials based on inorganic/organic hybrid systems
4 Outlook

In recent years, increasing attention has been attracted for silicon carbide (SiC) in the field of catalysis as a potential catalyst support owing to its excellent thermal conductivity, relative chemical inertness, and high mechanical strength. SiC-supported catalysts are reported to exhibit superior catalytic performance in strong exothermal, severely corrosive and liquid-phase reactions. Nowadays, the researches towards SiC as a catalyst support focus on the following issues: the synthesis of high surface area SiC, the formation of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) on the low surface area SiC, and the surface functionalization of SiC. In this review, we address all of the above-mentioned issues. This article is arranged in three sections ranging from the experimental results over technical SiC-supported catalysts to surface chemistry studies on SiC single crystals. The first section introduces the structure and properties of SiC; the second section covers SiC as a novel support in heterogeneous catalysis; and the surface science studies on the 6H-SiC(0001) substrate are highlighted in the last section.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Silicon carbide: structure and properties
2.1 SiC polytypes
2.2 Physical and chemical properties
3 SiC as a novel support in heterogeneous catalysis
3.1 Synthesis of high surface area SiC and its application in heterogeneous catalysis
3.2 Formation of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) on low surface area SiC and its application in heterogeneous catalysis
4 Surface studies on the 6H-SiC(0001) substrate
4.1 Surface reconstruction in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)
4.2 Metal-support interactions on carbon nanomesh surface
4.3 N functionalization on graphene overlayer
5 Conclusions and outlook

The catalyst discovery is of vital importance in many applications including chemical industry, environmental protection, and the development of sustainable energy. Currently, catalyst development is still a laborious and time-consuming work. The micro-combinatorial catalyst screening technique provides various advantages including high throughput, low consumption, and high integration density. It is applicable to large number of initial catalyst screening and subsequent optimization. This article reviews the recent progress of various micro-scale combinatorial catalyst screening techniques, including multi-well plate, microarray, multi-channel microreactor-based techniques.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Micro-scale combinatorial catalyst screening techniques
2.1 Multi-well plate
2.2 Microarray
2.3 Multi-channel microreactor
3 Conclusion

Mesoporous zeolite materials, which are defined as the crystalline zeolite materials containing a large amount of mesopores, are different from the simple mechanical mixture of microporous zeolites and mesoporous molecular sieves. It gradually becomes a hotspot in the field of porous catalytic materials because it not only has high heat and water thermal stability, significant shape selectivity and high activity, but also improves the adsorption and diffusion of large molecules due to the insertion of mesopores. On the basis of the synthesis methods including template method, post-processing method, precursor assembly method and so on, the research progress on the synthesis of mesoporous zeolite is introduced. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods, the direction of the improvement of various methods is pointed out so as to seek a better synthetic strategy for meeting the ever more harsh requirements of catalysis today.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Template method
2.1 Soft template
2.2 Hard template
3 Post-processing method
4 Precursor assembly method
5 Conclusion and outlook

Sulfur-contained nonlinear reaction system is a significant branch of nonlinear chemistry, which can display complicated dynamics both in the homogeneous and reaction-diffusion medium. In particular, it also plays a critical role in the aspect of fronts interaction, labyrinthic pattern, self-replication pattern and systematical design of pattern formation in recent years. According to the number of oscillatory components, sulfur-contained oscillatory systems are mainly divided into two-component systems and three-component systems. The progress on sulfur-contained compound oscillators and pattern formation during the past three decades are introduced in the review. Furthermore, the potential application of the sulfur-contained oscillators and the involved reaction systems in biological field and responsive gel medium are systematically summarized. The difficulties existed in this active field are discussed in detail and the future directions are prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Sulfur-contained oscillators
2.1 Sulfur-contained oscillators with two components
2.2 Sulfur-contained oscillators with three components
2.3 Mechanism model for oscillators
3 Pattern formation in sulfur-contained systems
3.1 Patterns in the two-component systems
3.2 Patterns in three-component systems
3.3 Reaction diffusion model for sulfur-contained nonlinear chemical systems
4 pH oscillators of sulfur-contained coupled with biological molecular and soft matter
4.1 Coupling with biological molecular
4.2 Coupling with soft matter
5 Conclusions and outlook

The manipulating of crystal form and morphology for MFI zeolite has always been a crucial aspect in the research of zeolite. The strategies for the morphology control of single crystal zeolite、nanozeolite、zeolite with core-shell structure and/or special orientations (including oriented MFI membrane and oriented MFI zeolite crystal) are reviewed. The effect of template,surfactant,synthesis conditions and methods on the morphology of MFI zeolite has been described in detail. Furthermore, a brief outlook of the potential development of MFI zeolite morphology control is given.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Recent advances in the research of MFI zeolite morphology
2.1 The morphology control of single crystal zeolite and nanozeolite
2.2 The morphology control of zeolite with core-shell structure
2.3 The morphology control of zeolite with special orientation
3 Outlook

The research for high-voltage cathode materials is one of important way to develop high energy density of lithium ion batteries. Electrolyte is an essential part of lithium ion batteries, which affects the electrochemical behavior through the interface reactions with the electrodes and its Li⁺ ion diffusion characters. The conventional carbonate/LiPF₆ electrolyte decomposes and tends to react with active cathode material when the voltage is higher than 4.5 V (vs Li/Li⁺), resulting in the poor performance. Therefore, searching for high-voltage electrolytes is essential to the realization of high-voltage lithium ion batteries. The progress on high-voltage electrolyte for lithium ion batteries is reviewed in this paper. The draw back and challenge of high-voltage electrolyte are also illustrated. On the theory of designing for electrolyte solvent molecular, the performance of high-voltage electrolyte is evaluated from aspects of new solvent system electrolytes and carbonate-based electrolytes. New electrolytes based on nitrile, sulfone and ionic liquids as high-voltage electrolytes with their advantage and drawbacks are analyzed. The action mechanisms of different additives in the carbonate-based electrolytes are discussed. In addition, the application of theoretical calculation methods on high-voltage electrolyte is discussed, and the vision utilizing theoretical calculation in designing novel high-voltage electrolyte is prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 New organic solvents
2.1 Nitrile-based solvents
2.2 Sulfone-based solvents
2.3 Ionic liquids
3 Carbonate solvents and additives
3.1 Electrochemically polymerized additives
3.2 Phosphine-based additives
3.3 Boron-based additives
3.4 Others
4 The application of theoretical calculation method on high-voltage electrolyte
5 Conclusion and outlook

Graphene is a new nanomaterial with strict two-dimensional layers structure. With excellent mechanical, high electrical and thermal properties, graphene is the ideal filler for polymer-based nanocomposites. Graphene/polymer nanocomposites greatly draw researchers’ attentions in recent years. In this review, we presented and discussed the current development of graphene/polymer nanocomposites. After introducing various methods to synthesize graphene, covalent and noncovalent functionalization of graphene are briefly summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on general methods used to fabricate graphene/polymer nanocomposites and mechanical, electrical, thermal, and gas barrier properties of graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Finally, the challenge of this research area was summarized and its future outlook was prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis methods and surface modification of graphene
2.1 Synthesis methods of grapheme
2.2 Surface modification of graphene
3 Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites
3.1 Fabrication approaches to graphene-based polymer nanocomposites
3.2 Properties of graphene-based polymer nano-composites
4 Conclusions and application outlook

Room-temperature rechargeable Na ions batteries have attracted enormous interest due to its low cost and the environmental abundance of the sodium, which are considered as the best candidate for replacing the Li ion batteries in the large-scale electric energy storage. In recent years, the studies of Na ion batteries have made significant progress and the related components have been enriched. The current researches of anode materials for sodium ion batteries are reviewed in details, with emphasis on the electrochemical properties and charge-discharge mechanisms of carbon-based materials, alloys, non-metal substances, metal oxides and organic compounds. The main problems of these kinds of anode materials are discussed and the probable strategies are proposed. Then, the application prospective and the research directions of Na ions batteries in the future are also forecasted.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Carbon-based materials
2.1 Graphite
2.2 Ungraphitised carbon
3 Metal or alloy materials 4 Metal oxides
5 Non-metal substance
6 Titanate
7 Organic materials
8 Conclusions and outlook

As a novel electrochemical power resource, sodium-ion battery (NIB) is advantageous in abundant resources for electrode materials, significantly low cost, relatively high specific capacity and efficiency. Therefore, NIB is regarded as a competitive candidate for large-scale energy storage usage and has potential for improving renewable energy resources grid-connected ability and power energy quality. Under this background, NIB is attracting extensive attentions worldwide and developing fast. In this review, we focus on the latest progress in the anode, cathode materials and electrolytes for NIB. After discussing the key technologies on materials of NIB, we attempt to give some suggestions on future research directions of NIB for relevant researchers and manufacturers in China.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
2.1 Carbon materials
2.2 Alloy materials
2.3 Metal oxide materials
3 Cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
3.1 Metal oxide materials
3.2 Poly-anion materials
3.3 Fluoride materials
4 Electrolyte materials
5 Aqueous Na-ion batteries
6 Conclusions

The C—H bond functionalization by transition metal is one of the essential contents in organic chemistry. And it has become an enabling tool in the synthesis of drugs. This review describes the classical reactions of C—H bond functionalization and focus on arylation, alkenylation, alkylation, halogenation, hydroxylation, amination, and insertion which provide a simple and rapid way for the drug synthesis. The detail of the applications and relevant mechanisms are also described. Finally we look forward to its development prospects in this field.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 C—C bond formation
2.1 sp² C—H functionalization assisted by the directing group
2.2 sp² C—H functionalization without the directing group
2.3 sp³ C—H functionalization assisted by the directing group
2.4 sp³ C—H functionalization without the directing group
3 C—H insertion
4 C—X bond formation
4.1 C—X bond formation assisted by the directing group
4.2 C—X bond formation without the directing group
5 Conclusion and outlook

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the major development trends of solar cells due to the possibility of low-cost conversion of photovoltaic energy. The DSSCs using ruthenium complexes as sensitizers have achieved the highest photo-to-electric conversion efficiencies over 11% with very good stability, implying potential practical applications. It is very important to study the structure-performance-relationships between the structures and the photo-to-electric conversion performances. In this paper, we review the recent research progress of the ruthenium sensitizers. The sensitizers are divided into several groups according to the various substituent groups attached to the bipyridine ring and the numbers of the —NCS ligand. The relationships between the structures, the spectroscopic properties, the electron injection efficiency, the electron transfer and recombination are discussed. The structure characters of the high efficiency sensitizers are summarized, which provides valuable information for design and screening of better sensitizers. Furthermore, special attention has been paid to the design principles of these dyes. Co-sensitization, an emerging technique to extend the absorption range, is also discussed as a choice to improve the performance of the solar cell devices. The working principle of the DSSC is also discussed in detail.

Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 The structure and working principle of DSSC
1.2 Sensitizers
2 Ruthenium sensitizer
2.1 N3, N719, Black dye and HIS-2
2.2 Amphiphilic ruthenium photosensitizers
2.3 Highly molar extinction and stability bipyridyl ruthenium dye
2.4 The ruthenium sensitizers containing a -NCS
2.5 The ruthenium sensitizers modifying the carboxyl bipyridyl side
2.6 The ruthenium sensitizers without -NCS
2.7 The ruthenium sensitizers containing hole transporting units
2.8 The ruthenium sensitizers containing phenanthroline or quinoline ligands
2.9 Sensitizers with novel anchoring groups
3 Conclusion

Metal nanoparticles can be used as catalyst in various chemical reactions, especially in the decomposition of the toxic such as dyes, pesticides and so on. It is significant to prevent the aggregation of metal nanoparticles caused by the higher surface energy. Hydrogels with 3-dimention network structure is a soft solid-like material. The utilization of environmentally benign hydrogel networks provides two advantages: one is a template in which metal nanoparticles prepared are prevented from aggregation, and the other one is the properties of recovery and reuse of metal nanoparticles are sharply enhanced by incorporating them into hydrogels. In this review, we mainly focus on the preparation methods and performances of hydrogel/metal nanoparticles composite catalysts from two aspects: natural hydrogels and synthetic hydrogels. Based on the work of our own laboratory, the effects of the performances of hydrogel/metal nanoparticles composite catalysts are summarized as well as the existing problems and further research directions are discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Application of natural hydrogels in catalytic reactions
2.1 Agarose hydrogel based catalysts
2.2 Chitosan hydrogel based catalysts
2.3 Alginate hydrogel based catalysts
3 Application of synthetic hydrogels in catalytic reactions
3.1 The copolymer of ethylene glycol hydrogel based catalysts
3.2 Polymers(copolymers) of acrylic acid (acrylamide) hydrogel based catalysts
4 Conclusion and outlook

Because of their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials have been widely used in a number of fields. The growing use of nanomaterial requires careful assessment of unexpected toxicities (cytotoxicity, hemolytic toxicity, haematological toxicity and immunogenicity toxicity) and biological interactions. To present, there have been a large number of studies aimed at examining and understanding the interactions between nanoparticles and human cells or proteins, and some achievement has been made in the research. In clinical applications, some biomedical nanomaterials are often introduced into the blood tissue by intravenous administration, penetration, solubilization, diffusion, etc. Blood is a highly complexity tissue composed mainly of red blood cells , white cells, platelets, and plasma. Among them, blood plasma is a complex fluid containing over 3700 different proteins. In any case, the contact and interaction of the nanomaterials with highly abundant plasma proteins are unavoidable. However, the interactions between nanomaterials and blood plasma may play a crucial role in determining the toxicity of nanomaterials. To date, little is known about how nanomaterials will interact with plasma proteins (or other blood components) at molecular level. Here we mainly review recent research that involves the interaction of three representative polymeric nanomaterials (polycations, polymeric micelles, and drug (gene)/carrier composite nanoparticles) with plasma proteins and their associated diverse analytical techniques. This knowledge is important from the perspective of molecular design and blood safety of nanomaterials for in vivo applications.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Analytical tools
3 Interaction of polycations with plasma proteins
3.1 Polyethylenimine
3.2 Chitosan
3.3 Polyamidoamine
4 Interaction of polymeric micelles with plasma proteins
5 Interaction of drug (gene)/carrier composite nanoparticles with plasma proteins
6 Interaction of other polymeric nanomaterials with plasma proteins
7 Conclusion

In this paper, the development of ionic liquids as stationary phases for gas chromatography is briefly described. In order to improve the thermal stability, selectivity and column efficiency of ionic liquid stationary phases, the synthesis methods of ionic liquid stationary phases with achiral selectivity are developed successively, including small molecule ionic liquids, bulky ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, physical mixed ionic liquids and chemically bonded ionic liquids. Meanwhile, ionic liquids are applied in chiral gas chromatography, employed as the solvent of chiral selectors or as chiral stationary phases of gas chromatography. Chiral pools of these ionic liquids are mostly from amino acids, chiral amines and bonded cyclodextrins. The differences in selectivity of these ionic liquid stationary phases are also discussed and reviewed. Then, the application of ionic liquids in two-dimensional gas chromatography and fast gas chromatography are introduced. Finally, the synthesis and application of ionic liquids in gas chromatography are summarized. The prospects of ionic liquid as novel separation materials are also discussed and forecasted.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Ionic liquids with common selectivity as stationary phases for gas chromatography
2.1 Stationary phases based on small molecule ionic liquids
2.2 Stationary phases based on polymerized ionic liquids in column
2.3 Stationary phases based on physical mixed ionic liquids
2.4 Stationary phases based on chemically bonded ionic liquids
3 Ionic liquids with chiral selectivity as stationary phases for gas chromatography
3.1 Ionic liquids as chiral stationary phase solvents
3.2 Chiral ionic liquids as stationary phases
4 Ionic liquids as stationary phases for other gas chromatography
4.1 Ionic liquids as stationary phases for two-dimensional gas chromatography
4.2 Ionic liquids as stationary phases for fast gas chromatography
5 Conclusions

Aflatoxin is a kind of biotoxins with acute toxicity and strong carcinogenicity. Quick and accurate analysis is one of the most effective methods to minimize or avoid its hazard. Electrochemical biosensor has drawn widespread attention of domestic and foreign researchers for aflatoxin analysis,due to its rapidity,high degree of sensitivity and specificity, combined with its easiness to be miniaturized. So far, immunosensor, enzyme sensor, and DNA biosensor have been applied to electrochemical biosensing of aflatoxin. In this paper, the research progress of different kinds of sensors for aflatoxin analysis is reviewed. The importance of new materials and advanced technologies for immunoassay of aflatoxin is particularly highlighted. Main problems and trends in electrochemical biosensing of aflatoxin are discussed and prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Electrochemical immunosensor
2.1 Nanomaterials
2.2 Ionic liquids
2.3 Conducting polymers
2.4 Others
3 Electrochemical enzyme sensor
4 Electrochemical DNA sensor
5 Conclusion and outlook

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used in numerous industrial and commercial products due to their unique hydrophobic, oil-repellence and high surface activity. In recent years they have been detected in various environmental matrix and become the widespread organic pollutants. Based on their ubiquitous distribution, persistence and bioaccumulation, the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances have attracted remarkable attention from related scientists and organizations. The fourth meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Stockholm Convention (SC) on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) held at the Geneva in May, 2009, has decided to place perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride into Annex B of the convention. From then on, the perfluorinated chemicals as new emerging contaminants, have received great attention, and the research about their environmental problems has come to a new stage of development. This paper reviews the research progress on the analytical method, environmental distribution and behavior, bioaccumulation and biomagnification, human exposure and healthy effect, emerging analogues of PFASs. The emphasis be laid on the advances achieved after perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride were listed into Anne

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Analytical method
3 Environmental distribution and behavior
4 Bioaccumulation and biomagnification
5 Human exposure and health effects
6 Emerging analogues of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals
7 Conclusion and outlook

Peroxy radical chemistry is the main component of tropospheric chemistry, which is critical for the understanding of essential tropospheric issues such as atmospheric cleansing capacity, photochemical ozone production and secondary organic aerosol formations. Field measurements of peroxy radical concentrations and related analysis with observation based model are the prominent steps to foster the current understanding of peroxy radical chemistry. This paper reviews the state of measurement techniques for peroxy radical, extensively revisits the previous field studies with direct measurements of peroxy radical, outlins the peroxy radical concentrations reported in previous field observations, summarizes the tests of photochemical mechanism with direct field measurement results and discusses the major scientific findings achieved so far. Finally, an outlook for the new directions in the study of atmospheric peroxy radical chemistry is proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Measurement techniques of tropospheric peroxy radical
2.1 Matrix isolation electron spin resonance spectroscopy
2.2 Laser-induced florescence
2.3 Chemical amplification
2.4 Calibrations
3 Field measurement of peroxy radical
3.1 Field campaigns including peroxy radical measurement
3.2 Diurnal profiles and concentration levels of peroxy radical observed
4 Application of peroxy radical measurements in atmospheric chemical mechanism research
4.1 Peroxy radical chemical mechanism in background region
4.2 The response relationship between peroxy radical and NO_x
4.3 The response relationship between peroxy radical and VOCs
4.4 Assessment of atmospheric chemical mechanism
5 Conclusions and outlook