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Progress in Chemistry 2007, No.01 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Invited Article
Professor Chang Tsinglien and His Study on Determination of New Values of Atomic Weight
DIAO Kuang-Hua, NI Bao-Ling
2007, 19 (01): 1-5 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract

Professor Chang Tsinglien(Zhang Qinglian),an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,born in 1908,is the founder of isotopic chemistry in China.This paper introduces his outstanding contributions to the determination on new values of atomic weight when he was 90 years old.From the beginning of 1990s,he led a research group for a long term project to determine the new values of atomic weight by using mass spectrum technique.The new international standards of atomic weight of 9 elements determined by Chang’s group including In,Ir,Sb,Eu,(Ce,Er,Ge,Dy) and Zn had been set up by CAWIA of IUPAC till July 2001,and that of another element Sm was set up in 2005. 

Special issues
A New Era for Organic Synthesis Highlights of the Recent Progress
Wu Yikang,Wu Yulin
2007, 19 (01): 6-34 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
The major progress in organic synthesis since 2005 is briefly surveyed in two parts. The first part deals with some of the most impressive advances in the synthetic methodology, which includes: (1) Metal-mediated synthetic reactions, with an emphasis on the olefin metathesis and gold-mediated reactions. (2) Free radical-based organic synthesis. (3) Synthetic transformations performed in a 'one-pot' manner involving either tandem reactions or multi-component reactions. (4) Asymmetric reactions catalyzed by metal and organo-catalysts. The major advances in total synthesis of some complex natural products with significant biological activities are presented in the second part, with detailed illustrations of 10 selected molecules, including dragmacidin F, abyssomisin C, 11-acetoxy-4-deoxyasbestinin D, pentacycloanammoxic acid, UCS1025A, (-)-Merrilactone A, nigellamine A2, (+)-saxitoxin, and tamiflu (an artificially designed natural-like molecule). An array of complicated structures of the natural products synthesized over the last two years are also listed to serve as a convenient lead to the original literature for the prospective interested readers.
Review
The Fabrication of Core-shell Functional Materials with Templates Method*
Zhang Yanping,Chu Ying
2007, 19 (01): 35-41 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Fabrication of core-shell functional materials is a hot research topic in materials science and attracts much attention in recent years. Based on our research work in organic-inorganic core-shell complex nanoparticles (hollow spheres), the development of fabrication of core-shell particles with template methods is reviewed. The development foreground and the application area of core-shell nanoparticles are discussed.
Advances of Recycling Chiral Catalysts in Ionic Liquids
Zhou Zhiming* |Jiang Fei,Mo Fanyiang
2007, 19 (01): 42-50 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Recently,more and more chemists are concerned about the recycle and reuse of expensive transition metal catalysts. Ionic liquid has unique advantages in recycling catalysts. This article reviews the application of chiral catalysts reactions in ionic liquids,which can not only recycle and reuse catalysts,but also improve the efficiencies of catalysts.In addition,novel imidazolium contained chiral catalysts and their applications in asymmetry catalytic reactions are summarized in detail. Because of their distinct solubilities in ionic liquids and organic solvents,they can be easily recycled and reused,and they can also enhanced the stability of catalysts, improve the efficiencies of catalysts,which give us a guidance to design and synthesize novel recyclable catalysts.
Application of Surface Display Peptides in Syntheses and Assembly of Inorganic Nanomaterials*
Guo Yi,Zhuang Jiaqi,Yang Wensheng**
2007, 19 (01): 51-58 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
The application of surface display peptides in the syntheses and assembly of inorganic nanomaterials is reviewed in this article. The surface display peptides, a kind of peptides screened by surface display technologies of phage, cell etc., can recognize the different inorganic surfaces specifically. On the one hand, these peptides can direct the formation of different kinds of inorganic nanomaterials, which is helpful for us to understand the process and the fundamental principle of biomineralization. On the other hand, the surface display peptides can be used in the fabrication of nanostructures to form inorganic nanomaterials with specific function, providing a new route for the manufacture of nanodevices.
Development and Application of ZnO Based Photo-Anode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells*
Sheng Xianliang,Zhao Yong,Zhai Jin** |Zhu Daoben
2007, 19 (01): 59-65 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract

The development and application of ZnO in dye sensitized solar cells are reviewed in this paper. Doctor-blade, screen printing and self-assembly electro-deposition methods are introduced. Attentions are especially paid on the recent developed methods including mechanical compression, chemical bath deposition, chemical vapor deposition and low temperature hydrothermal methods. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are compared. Micro-and nanometer composite structure and line electron transport theory are also discussed. It is pointed that the future development in dye sensitized ZnO solar cells is not only exploring new methods and technologies for fabricating ZnO photo-anode, but also synthesized novel dyes to increase the solar-to-energy conversion efficiency.

Solid-State Thin Film Li-ion Batteries
Song Jie1|Wu Qihui2**,Dong Quanfeng1**|Zheng Mingsen1|Wu Suntao3|Sun Shigang1
2007, 19 (01): 66-73 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Thin film lithium-ion batteries based on polymer electrolytes and solid-state inorganic electrolytes are introduced in this article.We mainly review the progress of the all-solid-state thin film lithium-ion batteries based on inorganic electrolytes, including the preparation methods and the properties of the cathode materials,anode materials and solid-state inorganic electrolytes.The studies on constructions of the thin film lithium batteries are also presented.
The Research for Microbial Fuel Cells*
Guan Yi** ,,Zhang Xin
2007, 19 (01): 74-79 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract

According to the progress of microbial fuel cells made in recent years, an overall review for the electron transfer mechanisms in the anode chamber of MFCs is made, and the mediator-less electron transfer processes and electron transfer processes using mediators are discussed respectively.The main factors performances, such as kinetics limitation, ohmic limitation.and transfer limitation are analysed adequately, and the possible solutions to those problems are summarized. The scientific and technical barriers of MFCs' industialization and its application prospects are discussed.

The Kinetics of Alkoxysilane Sol-Gel Process
Wu Cuiming,Xu Tongwen*,Yang Weihua
2007, 19 (01): 80-86 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract

Over the past decades, the preparation of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid materials by the sol-gel process of alkoxysilanes has continued to be an active research area. Among such researches, there has been much exploration on the sol-gel reaction kinetics, especially the hydrolysis and initial condensation processes. In this paper, the development of the study on kinetic of alkoxysilane sol-gel reaction is reviewed and the kinetic research are briefly prospected.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System
Li Xinwei ,|Sun Lixin,Lin xiaohong,Zheng Liqiang*
2007, 19 (01): 87-92 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticle is a new drug delivery system of nano-range. This paper reviews research development of solid lipid nanoparticle as drug carrier, including its components, preparation and surfacial modification,as well as its physico-chemical characteristics, drug incorporation and drug release.
Gas/Particle Partitioning Theory for Secondary Organic Aerosol
Wang Zhenya**, |Hao Liqing ,|Zhang Weijun
2007, 19 (01): 93-100 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
The paper reviews the gas/paticle pattitioning theory for secondary organic aerosol formation and describes its development and possible application.In atmosphere, semi-volatile organic compounds are formed through oxidation of certain gas-phase organic species and the secondary organic aerosol formation may be best described by a gas/particle partitioning absorption model. The process of gas/particle partitioning is dependent on both the composition, concentration and vapor pressure of semi- volatile species, and the concentration and composition of absorptive materials. On the basis of gas/particle partitioning theory, the thermodynamic model for gas/particle partitioning of molecular constituents has also been developed. This model can be used to predict the liquid water contents in aerosol, distributions of inorganic compounds and hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic compounds. The combination of the chemistry mechanism and the thermodynamic model for secondary organic aerosol formation with the California Institute of Technology(CIT)'s three-dimensional urban/regional atmospheric model could be used to perform comprehensive gas- and aerosol- phase simulations.
Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
Xiao Qi**,Wang Pinghua,Si Zhichun
2007, 19 (01): 101-106 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
The remarkable structure-dependent properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention due to their potential in applications of various new areas. But their applications have been greatly restricted by the unsolvable property of carbon nanotubes in aqueous and organic solvents, so the functionalization of carbon nanotubes becomes the research focuse. In this paper, we emphasize on the covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes, and discuss the recent progress on the funtionalization of sites places of carbon nanotubes in detail.
Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Antimony(Ⅲ) Complexes
Shen Juan,Jiang Qiying,Zhong Guoqing**
2007, 19 (01): 107-116 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
The antimony(Ⅲ) complexes are related to many chemical and biochemical processes, and some of them possess a certqin biologic function such as antitumor and antibacterial activity.The antimony(Ⅲ) complexes have attracted tremendous interest because of their fascinatingly special structure. According to the O-donor ligands, N-donor ligands, S-donor ligands and the other ligands with SB(Ⅲ),the ways and means of synthesis and characterization of the complexes are systemically reviewed .The crystal and molecular structural as well as the stereochemical activity of the lone electron pair have summarized. Finally,the foreground of synthesis and application for bioinorganic antimony complexes are briefly introduced.
Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays and Their Applications
Zheng Qing1,Zhou Baoxue1**,Bai Jing1,Cai Weimin1 ,,Liao Junsheng2
2007, 19 (01): 117-121 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Titania nanotube arrays, a new type of titania nanomaterials, have drawn extraordinary attention in recent years due to its distinctive morphology and notable performance. This paper introduces the preparation methods, properties, and forming mechanism of titania nanotube arrays fabricated by anodic oxidation. The applications of asprepared titania nanotube arrays in hydrogen gas sensors, photolysis of water, dye-sensitized solar cell, photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants are reviewed. Problems in preparation and applications of titania nanotube arrays are suggested for further research.
Advances in Imaging Agents for β-amyloid Plaques
Xiangji Chen **
2007, 19 (01): 122-129 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a kind of degenerative neurodisease. The formation of β-amyloid plaques in brain is one of the main factors in developing of AD. Imaging agents for β-amyloid plaques are of great significance to early diagnosis of AD. The recent advances in imaging agents for β-amyloid plaques domestic and abroad as well as work in our laboratory are reviewed in this paper; the trend for developing β-amyloid plaques imaging agents is also discussed.
Analysis Techniques of Glycoprotein Glycan Structure for the Glycomics Study
Sun Xing-Quan,LI Jing,GENG Mei-Yu**,GUAN Hua-Shi
2007, 19 (01): 130-135 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Genetic information is transferred from DNA to protein and the protein is glycosylated subsequently, which result in the forming of glycoprotein. Comparing with DNA and protein, glycoprotein glycan possess more diverse structure and more complex functions which make the glycan play important regulational roles in many significant physiological and pathological events. And the complex function of glycan attribute to its diverse structure which is one of the important content of glycomics. The research progress in analysis techniques and methods of extract and isolate glycoprotein from sample, release the glycan and identify its structure in recent years are introduced.
Ring-Opening Homopolymerization of Lactides
Yu Cuiping 1**,Li Xi1|Shen Zhiquan2
2007, 19 (01): 136-144 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Polylactides（PLA）, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, are derived from renewable resources. Polylactides have unique physical properties that make them useful in many applications including packaging, paper coating, fibers, and films. The production and use of PLA at low costs and in large quantities will lessen the dependence on petrochemical greatly. High molecular weight PLA can be prepared by ring-opening polymerization of lactides. Three different classes of initiators or catalysts and reaction mechanisms for the ring-opening polymerization of lactides are summarized.Recent progress in the research of novel catalysts for the lactides polymerization is reviewed. In particular, the advantages of rare earth catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of lactides are emphasized, and biological virtue of polylactides obtained by rare earth catalysts is discussed.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide and Propylene Oxide
Zhang Zhiguo**,Yin Hong
2007, 19 (01): 145-152 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Polyether (primarily homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) which has the properties of excellent surface activity, flexibleness of hydrophile-lipophile balance(HLB) and low toxicity has been widely used in surfactant and polyurethane industries. The progress in the catalytic ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is reviewed in this paper. The different catalytic mechanisms of cationic catalysts, anionic catalysts and coordination catalysts are discussed respectively. The application of coordination catalysts in the catalytic ring-opening polymerization is intensively introduced and the further research trends are pointed out.
Helically Chiral Polyacetylene Derivatives
Dai Jian1|2,Ha Chengyong1*,Chang Dongliang1 ,,Shen Minmin1
2007, 19 (01): 153-158 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Polyacetylene (PA) is a symmetric chain of conjugated macromolecule, whose chain symmetry can, however, be broken by external and internal perturbations, generating helically chiral polymers. In this article, progress on syntheses and functions of helically chiral polyacetylene is reviewed. It is emphasized that helically chiral PA derivatives show various functional properties such as stimuli-response, chromism , photo- and electroluminescence, biomimetic structures, and molecular recognition etc, through simple external stimulate such as solvent, pH, temperature, additives etc.
Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardancy Epoxy Resins

Wang Shubo,Wang Lisheng*

2007, 19 (01): 159-164 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
The recent progress in the synthesis and applications in flame retardant epoxy resins of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO) is reviewed in this article. The flame retardancy and thermal stabilities of the resins are summered and compared. The introduction of reactive flame retardant DOPO derivatives in the structure of epoxy resins form novel phosphorus-containing epoxy resins, which behave permanent flame retardancy, non-halogen, non-toxic, lower-smoke and high thermal stability
Application of Raman Spectra in Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis
Huang Qiang**,Long Quan,Zheng Baozhong
2007, 19 (01): 165-172 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
The recent application of Raman spectroscopy in solid- phase organic synthesis is reviewed.Two Raman spectra of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy and Confocal Raman microscopy are introduced respectively. NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy could be used for the characterization of solid-supported reagents and catalysts, for monitoring of solid-phase reactions, and especially for monitoring the solid-phase reactions on inorganic supports since the interference of fluorescence emission background could be removed by this technique. Confocal Raman microscopy was used to study the distribution of reactive sites within a resin bead and character the structure of grafted supports used for solid-phase synthesis taking the advantage of high spatial resolution.
Application of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy in Polymer Film Study
Jiang Yan,Shen Yi,Wu Peiyi**
2007, 19 (01): 173-185 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) - FTIR is widely used due to its distinct advantage in studies of polymer films. Layer-by-layer assembly technique is a popular method to prepare ultrathin functional films. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is introduced here to investigate the structural information of the multilayers without any damage to the samples. Besides, the diffusion process of small molecules, especially water molecules, in the polymer films may be studied carefully by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy accompanied by two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy as a useful tool. In this review, the principle and advantage of ATR-FTIR are briefly introduced and the applications of this effective method in the field of both layer-by-layer assembly technique and diffusion behavior of water molecules in polymer films are discussed.
Separation and Concentration Methodologies by Solid-liquid Dual Phases Interaction on Micro-Fluidic Chip System
Xu Yi1,2*,Zhang Jian1|Xu Pingzhou1,Lu Qian1,Zeng Xue1,Wen Zhiyu2
2007, 19 (01): 186-192 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
With the developing of miniaturized total analytical system (?TAS), much more attention is paid to integration, automation and portability of analytical systems. However, the sample pretreatment methodology integrated on micro-fluidic chip became a bottleneck for ?TAS, and was focused by researchers in this field. The important sample pretreatment technology based on solid-liquid dual phase interaction is introduced in this paper. Different operational modes, such as filtration, membrane separation and solid-phase extraction, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the characteristics, current developments, existing problems and trends of these operational modes are reviewed.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Combined with Conventional Techniques
Xiuli Li,Tianxin Wei**
2007, 19 (01): 193-200 |
Published: 24 January 2007
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Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used to describe the excitation and propagation of electromagnetic waves along the metal-dielectric interface. SPR is one of successful applications for evanescent wave, which has the features of small volume, high resolution, label-free analysis and the strong capability of anti-electromagnetism etc. SPR combined with other conventional techniques (electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and stripping voltammetry; optical technique including fluorescence spectrometry and infrared spectrometry; mass spectrometry；quartz crystal microbalance etc.) are discussed, which can further improve the ability of analysis and is a complement for each other. In particular, the advantage and disadvantage of electrochemical surface plasmon resonance and interferometry-surface plasmon resonance are reviewed in details.