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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (7): 1590-1599 DOI: 10.7536/PC220323 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Artificial Photosynthesis

Deshan Zhang1,2, Chenho Tung1,2, Lizhu Wu1,2()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190, China
    2. School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Lizhu Wu
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22088102); Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFA0206903); Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDB17000000); Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Science(QYZDY-SSW-JSC029)
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Photosynthesis in nature stores solar energy in chemical bonds through a green and efficient way. Mimicking the structure and function of the active center of natural photosynthesis, inert chemical bonds of small molecules (H2O, CO2 and N2 etc.) can be activated and converted for energy conversion. Herein, we summarize the important progress of artificial photosynthesis in water splitting into oxygen and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen reduction. Meanwhile, we analyze the design ideas and working principles of related photochemical conversion systems, and discuss the challenges and future development of artificial photosynthesis.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Artificial photosynthesis

2.1 Water oxidation

2.2 Proton reduction of water

2.3 Carbon dioxide reduction

2.4 Nitrogen reduction

3 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: solar energy, artificial photosynthesis, water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen fixation
Fig. 1 The natural photosynthesis
Fig. 2 (a) Native OEC structure; (b) artificial complex Mn4CaO4 structure[25]
Fig. 3 Monomer catalyst Ru(bda) (N-OTEG) and oxo-bridged green dimer[30]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier
Fig. 4 Polyoxometalate molecular catalyst for photocatalytic water oxidation[38]
Fig. 5 The active site of natural [FeFe]-hydrogenase
Fig. 6 PAA-g-Fe2S2 for the photocatalytic H2 production[47]
Fig. 7 (a) CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs with cobaloxime reduce protons to produce hydrogen; (b) energetic diagram of CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs and cobaloxime hybrid[52]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society
Fig. 8 (a) Schematic illustration of the assembly of CdSe/CdS QDs/Pt nanoparticles and the corresponding solar H2 evolution process; (b) photocatalytic H2 evolution of CdSe/CdS QDs/Pt nanoparticle assembly and individually separated system using MPA-stabilized counterparts[54]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
Fig. 9 Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-modified TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic reduction of C O 2[58]. Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society
Fig. 10 Selective production of CO vs HCOOH by switching of the metal center[60]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society
Fig. 11 (a) Charge transfer process of DOR structured ZnSe/CdS; (b) conduction band (CB) electrons (red traces) and valence band (VB) holes (green lines) in ZnSe/CdS DORs[69]. Copyright 2021, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Fig. 12 Efficient and selective CO2 reduction integrated with organic synthesis by solar energy[70]
Fig. 13 Mechanism illustration of Fe doped SrMoO4 for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction[76]
Fig. 14 Photocatalytic reduction of nitrogen on surface oxygen vacancies of Ti O 2[85]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
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Abstract

Artificial Photosynthesis