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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (8): 1270-1279 DOI: 10.7536/PC200770 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Molybdenum Disulfide as an Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Yanmei Ren, Jiajun Wang, Ping Wang()   

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Ping Wang
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1502104); Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51621001); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030312011)
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Water splitting using the electricity from renewable energy sources offers a clean and sustainable way to produce H2 and meanwhile an advanced energy conversion technology. Thus it is expected to play a vital role in the future clean energy economy. Crucial to enabling this ideal vision is the development of high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Molybdenum disulfide(MoS2) is a representative non-precious HER catalyst. A panoramic view of its researches and developments clearly shows that leading theoretical perspectives, logical material design, novel synthesis methods and advanced characterization technologies are the key components of a successful electrocatalyst implementation. At the same time, it also reflects the current research mode and points out the development directions of the electrocatalysts. This review covers a sequence of key discoveries and achievements that mark the development of MoS2 as a HER electrocatalyst, with special focuses on the implementation, effect and mechanism of the modification strategies including increasing the number of active edge sites, improvement of electrical conductivity and activation of inert basal planes. Finally, we briefly discuss the enlightenment from the studies of MoS2 electrocatalyst and look forward to the future trends of this appealing electrocatalytic material.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Structure and properties of MoS2

3 The study of MoS2 electrocatalyst for HER

3.1 Theoretical discovery and experimental verification of MoS2 electrocatalysis for HER

3.2 The modification strategy to engineering active edge sites

3.3 The modification strategy to improving electrical conductivity

3.4 The modification strategy to activating basal planes

4 Several enlightenments from the studies of MoS2 electrocatalyst

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: water splitting, hydrogen production, electrocatalyst, hydrogen evolution reaction, molybdenum disulfide
Fig. 1 Crystal structures of 2H, 3R and 1T polytypes of MoS2[27]. Copyright 2014, ACS Catalysis
Fig. 2 (a) STM image of MoS2 nanoparticles on Au(111). Exchange current density versus(b) MoS2 area coverage and(c) MoS2 edge length[38]. Copyright 2007, Science
Table 1 A comparison of electrocatalytic performances of various MoS2-based catalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction
Catalyst Onset overpotential
(mV)		 Overpotential@10 mA
·cm-2 (mV)		 Tafel slope
(mV·de c - 1)		 ref
Double-gyroid MoS2 - 220 50 6
MoS2 quantum dot/MoS2 nanosheets 190 - 74 41
MoS2 quantum dots 120 - 69 42
MoS2/RGO - 150 41 44
MoS2/MoO2 142 - 35.8 45
O-incorporated MoS2 120 - 55 46
1T-MoS2 - 187 43 30
N-doped MoS2 35 - 41 47
(N, PO43-)-MoS2 - 85 42 48
Metallic-phase MoS2 - 175 41 49
Strained MoS2 with S-vacancies - 170 60 50
Zn-doped 2H-MoS2 - 194 78 51
MoS2 with single-atom vacancy - 131 48 52
Multi-hierarchy monolayer MoS2 - 136 73 53
1%Pd/MoS2 - 89 62 54
Fig. 3 (a) SEM image of MoS2 nanosheets with high edge/base ratio,(b) corresponding HER polarization curves and(c) Tafel plots[39]. Copyright 2013, ACS Catalysis; (d) SEM image of monolayer MoS2 with hydrogen treatment at high temperature,(e) corresponding HER polarization curves and(f) Tafel plots[55]. Copyright 2016, Nano Letters; (g) TEM image of edge-terminated MoS2 films with the layers aligned perpendicular to the substrate,(h) corresponding HER polarization curves and(i) Tafel plots[54]. Copyright 2013, Nano Letters
Fig. 4 (a) Schematic illustration for the preparation process of MoS2/RGO,(b) corresponding HER polarization curves and(c) Tafel plots[44]. Copyright 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society; (d) Schematic illustration for the preparation process of MoO2@MoS2,(e) corresponding HER polarization curves and(c) Tafel plots[45]. Copyright 2016, Journal of Materials Chemistry B; (g) Model for the hopping process of electrons in the vertical direction of MoS2 layers and the exchange current density of the MoS2 film as a function of the layer number[64]. Copyright 2014, Nano Letters; (h) HER polarization curves of 1T and 2H MoS2 nanosheets,(i) corresponding Tafel plots[65]. Copyright 2013, Nano Letters
Fig. 5 (a) Schematic illustration for the chemical etching process to introduce single S-vacancies[52]. Copyright 2020, Journal of the American Chemical Society; (b) HRTEM image and corresponding FFTs and false-colored IFFTs image of MoS2 films with an ultra-high-density of grain boundaries,(c) corresponding HER polarization curves and(d) Tafel plots[71]. Copyright 2020, Nature Communications; (e) AFM image of multi-hierarchy MoS2 with boundaries,(f) corresponding HER polarization curves and(g) Tafel plots[53]. Copyright 2019, Nature Communications
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