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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (11): 2103-2115 DOI: 10.7536/PC200877 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

The Mechanism, Progress and Prospect of Biohybrid Mediated Semi-Artificial Photosynthesis

Andong Hu, Shungui Zhou, Jie Ye()   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Jie Ye
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925028); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977281)
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Semi-artificial photosynthetic system could realize the solar-to-chemical energy conversion by utilizing the synergistic effects of key functional components of artificial and natural photosynthetic systems. The biohybrid mediated semi-artificial photosynthetic system(BMSAPS) can effectively trigger the specific solar-to-chemical conversion due to the excellent light-harvesting properties of photosensitizers and highly-efficient biological catalytic abilities of biocatalysts. Enhancing the photoelectron generation, transfer and utilization on the micro-interface of photosensitizer-biocatalyst hybrids is considered to be crucial for improving the performance of BMSAPS. This review innovatively concludes the key scientific issues and research status on the BMSAPS construction based on its constituent elements. Meanwhile, the relevant mechanisms and research methods for the photogenerated electron transport in the BMSAPS are also described. In addition, the research progress of the BMSAPS on different fields such as the renewable energy conversion and CO2 emission reduction are summarized, followed by the future research directions. This review is expected to deepen the understanding of the BMSAPS, thereby providing the theoretical foundation and technical support for further optimizing its application in the field of energy production and environmental restoration.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 The basic principles of BMSAPS

3 The BMSAPS construction

3.1 Photosensitizers

3.2 Biocatalysts

4 The typical BMSAPS

4.1 Photoelectrode-biohybrid system

4.2 Inorganic semiconductor-biohybrid system

4.3 Plasmon-biohybrid system

4.4 Research methods for typical biohybrid system

5 The BMSAPS application

5.1 Carbon dioxide fixation

5.2 Nitrogen fixation

5.3 Hydrogen production

6 Outlook

Key words: semi-artificial photosynthesis, electron transport, photosensitizers, biocatalysts
Table 1 Common biohybrid mediated semi-artificial photosynthetic system(BMSAPS)
Photosensitizer Biocatalyst Sacrificial electron donor Substrate/Product Quantum yield ref
CdS [FeFe]-hydrogenase I Ascorbic acid H2O/H2 20%(with 405 nm LED) 23
CdS CO dehydrogenases 2-(N-morpholino)
ethanesulfonic acid		 CO2/CO - 39
CNx-TiO2 [NiFeSe]-hydrogenase EDTA H2O/H2 4.8%(with simulated sunlight) 40
CdSe NADP+-reductase Ascorbic acid NADPH 5.8%(with 405 nm LED) 41
CdS MoFe protein Ethyl sulfonic acid N2/NH3 - 34
WO3 Photosynthetic membrane protein - H2O/H2,O2 - 42
g-C3N4 Formate dehydrogenase Triethanolamine(TEOA) CO2/HCOOH - 43
Rutile A. ferrooxidans Ascorbic acid Fe3+/Fe2+ - 44
CdS M. thermoacetica Cysteine CO2/CH3COOH 2.44% ± 0.62%(with simulated sunlight) 24
AglnS2/In2S3 E. coli Cysteine H2O/H2 3.3%(with Xenon lamp) 45
InP S. cerevisiae - 3-Dehydroshikimic acid/Shikimic acid 1.58% ± 0.05%(with cold-while LED) 28
CdS T. denitrificans Cysteine N/N2O 2.0%(with 395 nm LED) 46
CdS M. barkeri Cysteine CO2/CH4 0.34%(with 395 nm LED) 47
CdS NPs R. palustris Cysteine CO2/C2+ 6.73% 48
g-C3N4 R. eutropha Triethanolamine(TEOA) Fructose/PHB - 49
WO3/MoO3/g-C3N4 S. marcescens Propidium iodide HC/Acetic acid - 50
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of semiconductor photocatalysis(valence band, VB; conduction band, CB; band gap)
Fig. 2 The images of biocompatible photosensitizers bound to organisms.(a) CdS-M. thermoacetica hybrid system[24];(b) CdS-T. denitrificans hybrid system[46];(c) CdS-M. barkeri hybrid system[47];(d) AglnS2/In2S3-E. coli hybrid system[52];(e) PDI/PFP-M. thermoacetica hybrid system[53];(f) carbon dots-chloroplast hybrid system[54]
Fig. 3 Simplified band diagram of photosensitizer in BMSAPS
Fig. 4 Common bio-enzyme catalysts[51,74]
Fig. 5 Electron transfer schematic diagram of photelectrode-biohybrid system.(a) Schematic diagram of photoelectrochemical cell for the reduction of CO2 by p-type NiO[83];(b) schematic diagram of the production of methanol from CO2 by enzyme cascade[85];(c) schematics of the close-packed nanowire-bacteria hybrid system[87]
Fig. 6 Electron transfer mechanism diagram of inorganic semiconductor-biohybrid system.(a) Schematic of CdS-M. thermoacetica charge transfer[88];(b) schematic diagram of CdS-M. thermoacetica charge transfer and CO2 fixation pathway[89]
Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of plasma electron generation and utilization.(a) Schematic diagram of electron transfer of excited plasma gold nanoparticles[92];(b) schematic diagram of AuNCs-M. thermoacetica charge transfer and CO2 fixation pathway[31]
Table 2 The research methods of BMSAPS
Methods Roles Specific steps ref
Transient absorption(TA)
spectroscopy		 Characterizing the electrons transfer Measuring with an Ultrafast
systems Helios TA system		 88
Time-resolved infrared(TRIR)
spectroscopy		 Characterizing the instantaneous lifetime changes of group Measuring with self-made device 88
NADH/NAD ratio Characterizing intracellular redox potential changes Measuring with MAK037,
Sigma-Aldrich kit		 26
Incident photon-to-current
conversion efficiency(IPCE)		 Characterizing photon-to-current conversion efficiency Measuring with a motorized monochromator(M10; Jasco Corp.) 42
Structure illumination microscopy(SIM) Characterizing intracellular gold nanoclusters Measuring with an ELYRA PS.1 system(Zeiss) 31
Intracellular ROS Characterizing intracellular reactive oxygen species Measuring with fluorometric intracellular ROS assay MAK143 Kit 31
Real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) Characterizing of gene expression Using kits to extract and measuring with LightCycler 96 46
Flow cytometry Characterizing of cell total protein, total nucleic acid, etc. Staining with green fluorescent dye and measuring with flow cytometer 47
Scanning electrochemical
microscopy(SECM)		 Characterizing photocurrent of BMSAPS Measuring with a VersaSCAN
SECM instrument(AMETEK Inc., Berwyn, USA)		 47
Fluorescence spectroscopy Characterizing synthesis of cadmium sulfide Measuring with fluorescence spectroscopy(FP-6500, JASCO) 97
Proteomics Characterizing protein expression of BMSAPS Extraction, digestion and quantitative analysis of extracellular proteins 89
Metabolomics Characterizing metabolites of BMSAPS Extracting intracellular metabolites and using LC-MS for quantitative analysis 89
Circular dichroic(CD) spectrum Characterizing secondary structure of protein Measuring with spectrometer(JASCO J-715) 100
Fig. 8 The analytical techniques for BMSAPS.(a) and(b) respectively represent schematic diagram and data characterization diagram of transient absorption spectroscopy[88,98];(c) and(d) respectively represent schematic diagram and data characterization image of the structure illumination microscopy[31,99];(e) and(f) respectively represent schematic diagram and data characterization images of scanning electrochemical microscopy[47]
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