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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (2): 356-369 DOI: 10.7536/PC210105 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Carbon Dots in Lubrication Applications

Chuang He1, Shuang E2(), Honghao Yan3, Xiaojie Li3   

  1. 1 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
    2 College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
    3 State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Shuang E
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(11672068); National Natural Science Foundation of China(10872044); National Natural Science Foundation of China(11672067)
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Various forms of friction and wear not only consume more than 20% of the world’s total energy, but also cause an enormous amount of equipment damage. As a result, it is of great significance to develop friction-reducing and anti-wear lubricating materials for saving energy and prolonging the service life of mechanical equipment. Carbon dots (CDs), as a new kind of carbon nanomaterial, have been extensively used in chemical sensing, bioimaging, catalysis, optoelectronic devices and other fields. In recent years, a large number of studies have explored the application of CDs in the fields of industrial lubrication, micro/nano-electrical-mechanical systems lubrication and biological lubrication, proving that CDs have excellent tribological properties and great potential to become the next generation of green and efficient friction-reducing and anti-wear lubrication materials. However, it still lacks a systematic summary and discussion of the application of CDs in the field of lubrication. Consequently, in this paper, the research progress of CDs in lubrication applications is comprehensively and systematically summarized. Firstly, lubricating effects of CDs as nano-additives and lubricating coatings and three strategies (size and shape control, surface modification and heteroatom doping) to improve their lubrication performance are introduced in detail. Then, the lubrication mechanism of CDs is fully analyzed. Finally, the main challenges of the application of CDs in lubrication are outlined.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Lubrication applications

2.1 Nano-additive

2.2 Lubricating coating

2.3 Other lubrication applications

3 Lubricating mechanism

3.1 Lubrication mechanism of size and shape-controlled carbon dots

3.2 Lubrication mechanism of surface-modified carbon dots

3.3 Lubrication mechanism of heteroatom-doped carbon dots

4 Conclusion and prospect

Key words: carbon dots, lubrication, friction, lubricating mechanism, additives
Fig. 1 (a) The structure and (b) types of CDs
Fig. 2 (a) The SEM and TEM images and (b) Friction coefficient and wear scar diameter under different loads of CDs/CuSx composite nanoparticles; (c) Preparation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by ultrasonic method; (d) Fabrication of PMMA/CDs composite nanoparticles by pyrolysis
Fig. 3 (a) The friction coefficient curves, wear volume and extreme pressure properties of cyclopentane containing different solid nanoparticles; (b) CDs and graphene oxide prepared by pyrolysis
Fig. 4 (a) Preparation of ionic liquid modified CDs by pyrolyzing ionic liquid and citric acid; (b) Fabrication of metal-free ionic liquid modified CDs by hydrothermal method; (c) Friction coefficient curve, mean friction coefficient and wear scar diameter of oil-amine modified CDs as additives for poly alpha olefin; (d) PEG coated CDs prepared by ultrasonic method; (e) Schematic of preparation of branched polyelectrolyte modified CDs
Fig. 5 (a) Boron, nitrogen co-doped CDs prepared by pyrolysis; (b) Friction coefficient and wear scar diameter of PEG with different concentrations of CDs in sunlight and ultraviolet light
Fig. 6 (a) Preparation of ionic liquid modified CDs by grinding; (b) GQDs-based lubricating coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition
Fig. 7 (a) Schematic of the structure of PEG modified CDs; (b) Friction test of CDs-based gel
Fig. 8 (a) TEM and Raman of wear debris of GQDs by after friction experiments; (b) Lubrication mechanism of GQDs; (c) TEM images of the cross section of wear scar; (d) Lubrication mechanism of CDs
Fig. 9 (a) Lubrication mechanism of ionic liquid modified CDs under different loads; (b) Lubrication mechanism of CDs with and without surface modification; (c) Lubrication mechanism of PEG modified CDs
Fig. 10 (a) Lubrication mechanism of sulfur, nitrogen co-doped CDs; (b) Lubrication mechanism of sulfur doped CDs as water-based nano-additives
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Abstract

Carbon Dots in Lubrication Applications