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Progress in Chemistry 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (8): 1186-1201 DOI: 10.7536/PC180103 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Mechanism, Tuning and Application of Excitation-Dependent Fluorescence Property in Carbon Dots

Junli Wang1,2, Yaling Wang1,2, Jingxia Zheng1,2, Shiping Yu1,3, Yongzhen Yang1,2*, Xuguang Liu1,4*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
    2. Research Center on Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
    3. Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
    4. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1710117, U1610255, U1607120), the Shanxi Provincial Key Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology(No.2015013002-10, 201605D131045-10), and the Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.201603D111010, 201703D321015-1).
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Carbon dots(CDs), as a class of rising nano-materials with strong fluorescence and tunable emission wavelength, exhibit potential application in many fields including optoelectronic device, biosensing and drug carrier because of their superior resistance to photobleaching, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. The unique excitation-dependent fluorescence property of CDs denotes the variation of the emission wavelength of CDs with the excitation wavelength, thus the realization of full-color emission through tuning excitation wavelength, which will provide a possibility for the application of CDs in multicolor imaging. Meanwhile, the emission of CDs can extend to near-infrared region when excited by long-wavelength, exhibiting the potential application in living imaging. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of excitation-dependent fluorescence property of CDs, so as to provide a theoretical guidance for realizing their excitation-dependent fluorescence property. In this review, the recent progress in excitation-dependent fluorescence property of CDs was summarized, with especial emphasis on their mechanism, realization approach and application. At present, the excitation-dependent fluorescence in CDs has induced different hypotheses, such as the presence of multiple surface states, wide size distribution, formation of carbon nuclei in CDs, and slow solvent relaxation around CDs. Therefore, the excitation-dependent fluorescence can be realized by tuning surface states, size distribution and carbon nuclei. In addition, the unique property exhibits potential application in imaging and optoelectronic field. In the end, the existing problems are pointed out and the prospects are predicted.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of excitation-dependent fluorescence property in CDs
2.1 Distribution of different surface states
2.2 Distribution of wide particle size
2.3 Structure of carbon nuclei
2.4 Slow solvent relaxation around CDs
3 Approaches to excitation-dependent fluorescence property in CDs
3.1 Tuning of surface states
3.2 Tuning of size distribution
3.3 Tuning of carbon nuclei
4 The application of excitation-dependent fluorescence property in CDs
4.1 Multicolor imaging in vitro
4.2 Imaging in vivo
5 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: carbon dots, excitation dependent, surface states, size distribution, carbon nuclear structure

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