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化学进展 2015, Vol. 27 Issue (4): 424-435 DOI: 10.7536/PC140807 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评价 •

车用燃料电池耐久性研究

王诚*1, 王树博1, 张剑波2, 李建秋2, 王建龙1, 欧阳明高2   

  1. 1. 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院 北京 100084;
    2. 清华大学汽车工程系 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-01 修回日期:2014-12-01 出版日期:2015-04-15 发布日期:2015-02-04
  • 通讯作者: 王诚 E-mail:wangcheng@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(No.U1462112),科技部国际合作项目(No.2013DFG41460,2013DFG60080),国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2012CB215401)和国家高技术发展计划(863)项目(No.2013AA110202)资助
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The Durability Research on the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Automobile Application

Wang Cheng*1, Wang Shubo1, Zhang Jianbo2, Li Jianqiu2, Wang Jianlong1, Yang Minggao2   

  1. 1. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2014-08-01 Revised:2014-12-01 Online:2015-04-15 Published:2015-02-04
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U1462112),the Program of International S&T Cooperation(No.2013DFG41460,2013DFG60080),the State Key Basic Science Research Project of China(No.2012CB215401),and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2013AA110202).
经过世界范围内近十年的持续研发,车用燃料电池在能量效率、体积与质量功率密度、低温启动等功能特性方面已经取得了突破性进展,新一轮的燃料电池汽车产业化浪潮正在迫近。然而,燃料电池的耐久性仍没达到商业化目标,且耐久性问题涉及面广、挑战大,成为当前燃料电池汽车产业化的主要棘手问题,构成了车用燃料电池在车辆技术方面产业化的最后障碍。车用燃料电池的耐久性已经引起了世界各国研究人员的广泛关注,本文归纳分析了车用燃料电池催化剂及其载体、质子交换膜及电极离子导体、气体扩散层、金属双极板等关键材料及部件的性能衰减机制,以及梳理了应对性能衰减的新材料、新技术与系统控制策略等耐久性最新研究进展,最后对车用燃料电池失效机制及其缓解研究提出了新的方向,以期对认识和提升燃料电池耐久性具有指导和借鉴意义。
关键词： 氢能, 电动汽车, 燃料电池, 耐久性, 失效, 缓解策略
Through over a decade continuous research and development all over the world, the performances of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for automobile application, such as energy efficiency, power density and specific power of the stack, and the system with low-temperature startup, have achieved breakthrough progress. A new round of fuel cell automobile commercialization now has been approaching. However, the durability of the automobile PEMFC systems, which include massive scale of problems, hasnt met the commercialization target. The durability is the primary problem of vehicle fuel cell commercialization and become the ultimate obstacle of the fuel cell industrialization in the field of automobile application. The problem of durability for automobile PEMFC application has attracted lots of attention worldwide. In this paper, the degradation mechanics of key materials and components in the PEMFC, including catalyst, support material, proton exchange membrane, ionomer in catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer and metal bipolar plate, have been summarized and analyzed in detail. Meanwhile the mitigation strategies for the degradations are also summarized and some novel strategies for durability mitigation are proposed. This paper is instructive for the understanding and promotion of the durability for the PEMFC.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
2.1 The degradation mechanism of Pt catalyst
2.2 The degradation mechanism of carbon support for catalyst
2.3 The degradation of proton exchange membrane and electrode ionomer
2.4 The degradation of gas diffusion layer
2.5 The degradation of metal bipolar plate
3 The mitigation strategy for degradation
3.1 The mitigation of Pt degradation
3.2 The mitigation of carbon degradation
3.3 The mitigation of proton exchange membrane degradation
3.4 The mitigation of gas diffusion layer degradation
3.5 The mitigation of bipolar plate degradation
4 Conclusion

Key words: hydrogen energy, electric automobile, fuel cell, durability, degradation, mitigation strategy

中图分类号: 

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车用燃料电池耐久性研究