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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (7): 943-949 DOI: 10.7536/PC191120 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

质子交换膜燃料电池电流密度分布特性和研究展望

黄振宇1, 涂正凯1,**()   

  1. 1. 华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-27 出版日期:2020-07-24 发布日期:2020-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 涂正凯
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51776144)
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Local Current Density Distribution of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Its Research Prospects

Zhenyu Huang1, Zhengkai Tu1,**()   

  1. 1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
  • Received:2019-11-27 Online:2020-07-24 Published:2020-07-10
  • Contact: Zhengkai Tu
  • About author:
    ** e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51776144)

质子交换膜燃料电池具有无污染、噪声低、能量密度高、燃料转换效率高、响应速度快的显著优点,得到了迅速发展,但寿命仍然是制约其大规模商业化的重要原因。局部电流密度作为质子交换膜燃料电池运行过程中的重要参数,既能作为电池运行过程中的故障诊断和定位工具,提升电池运行的稳定性和和耐久性;又能提供电池运行期间其内部现象的有关信息,为深入理解电池反应机理以及优化电池设计提供有力指导,因此研究局部电流密度具有非常重要的意义。本文介绍并分析了实时原位测量局部电流密度的方法,比较了前人实验所得结果与模拟所得结果,阐述了相关参数对局部电流密度分布的影响机制,回顾并评析了局部电流密度用于燃料电池分析中的实际工作。最后,立足于局部电流密度的研究现状,给出了局部电流密度下一步的研究方向。

关键词： 质子交换膜燃料电池, 局部电流密度, 分布, 优化设计, 饥饿

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) is being paid to special attention around the world duo to their zero pollution, low noise, high energy density, high efficiency and fast response, thus it is developing rapidly in recent years. However, the lifespan of PEMFC vehicle is an important issue that restricts its commercialization. Local current density is an important parameter during the operation of PEMFC, which can be used as the fault diagnosis and positioning tool, improving the operation durability and stability of PEMFC. Moreover, the internal information of an operating PEMFC can be also revealed by the local current density, providing comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism and guidance for the optimization design of PEMFC. In consequence, it is of great importance for the thorough and comprehensive research of the local current density. In this paper, the methods for the in-situ and real-time measurement of the local current density are introduced and analyzed, and the results obtained by previous experiments and numerical simulation are compared. The effect of operation parameters on local current density have been summarized in detail and the applications of local current density in fuel cell analysis are reviewed. Finally, the development tendency is proposed based on the research progress of this topic.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Research methods of the local current density

2.1 Methods for the in-situ and real-time measurement of the local current density

2.2 Numerical Simulation of the local current density

2.3 Factors affecting the local current density distribution

3 Applications of the local current density

4 Conclusions and outlook

Key words: PEMFC, local current density, distribution, optimization design, starvation
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图1 测量垫圈法示意图
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of measuring gaskets
图2 膜电极部分利用法示例(a)入口催化;(b)单根流道区域催化
Fig.2 Examples of MEA design for the partial MEA method(a)catalyzed entrance area; (b)catalyzed single flow channel area
图3 (a)子电池法示意图;(b)子电池法与多个电子负载结合的测试电路图
Fig.3 (a) Schematic diagram of the sub-cell; (b) Circuit diagram of several load banks testing system for the sub-cell
图4 并联电阻法与电池分块技术结合的测试电路图
Fig.4 Circuit diagram of the shunt resistor testing system for segmented cell technology
图5 集成有印刷电路板的测试系统
Fig.5 The testing system integrated with a PCB
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