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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (9): 2051-2062 DOI: 10.7536/PC220121 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Recent Advances of the Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Capacitors

Qi Qi1(), Peizhu Xu1, Zhidong Tian2, Wei Sun2, Yangjie Liu2, Xiang Hu2()   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou 341000, China
    2 Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Fuzhou 350002, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: *e-mail: qiqichem@163.com(Qi Qi);huxiang@fjirsm.ac.cn(Xiang Hu)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875253); Scientific Research and Equipment Development Project of CAS(YJKYYQ20190007); CAS-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Joint Research Projects(121835KYSB20200039); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0331); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700147)
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Sodium ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) have been considered to be one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices because of the abundant and low cost of sodium resources, and their similar physical and chemical properties to that of the lithium. SIHCs are usually assembled with high-energy anode and high-power cathode, which can bridge the energy and power gaps between sodium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. However, their large-scale application is strongly impeded by the kinetics and capacity imbalance between capacitive-type cathode and battery-type anode. In this paper, the working principle of SIHCs and the research progress of various anode and cathode materials are summarized. The development trend of SIHCs is reviewed emphatically from the aspects of controlled preparation and modification of material structure. The main challenges encountered in the development of SIHCs are discussed and the future research direction of the electrode materials in this field is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Operating principle

3 Cathode materials

3.1 Activated carbon

3.2 Carbon nanotube

3.3 Graphene

3.4 MXene

4 Anode materials

4.1 Intercalation materials

4.2 Conversion materials

4.3 Alloying materials

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: sodium ion hybrid capacitors, capacitive-type cathode, battery-type anode, kinetics, capacity
Fig. 1 Working principle illustration of typical SIHCs
Fig.2 (a, b) TEM and elemental mapping images of the ANCN[26]; (c) TEM image of the N/S-HCNs, (d, e) the comparison of ion adsorption energy for HCN, N-HCN, S-HCN and N/S-HCN, and the charge density difference for PF6-[27]
Table 1 The electrochemical performance comparison of different cathode materials
Materials Potential range
(V)		 Specific capacity/current
density (A·g-1)		 Cycle number/current density
(A·g-1)		 Capacity retention rate ref
3DFAC 2.5~4.2 151 F·g-1 (1) 2000 (5) 93.4% 19
ZDPC 1.5~4.0 218.4 F·g-1 (0.1) 2000 (1) 87% 20
MnSAs/NF-CNs 2.5~4.2 87 mAh·g-1 (0.1) 2000 (2) 86.2% 22
CNTs 0~1.0 200 F·g-1 (20) — — 25
ANCN 2.6~4.2 166.5 F·g-1 (0.1) 2000 (1) ~100% 26
OCG 2.5~4.2 105 mAh·g-1 (0.1) 3000 (1) 91% 30
MG 2.0~4.2 414 F·g-1 (0.1) — — 31
MXene/AAC -0.8~1.2 378 F·g-1 (0.5) 10000 (5) 97.4% 36
Fig. 3 (a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of V2CTx and its sodium intercalation, (b) schematic illustration of the charge-storage mechanisms for HC/V2CTx SIHCs device and (c) galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles at different current densities[37]
Fig. 4 (a) Schematic diagram of Na+ diffusion in TiO2. (b) Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles at different current densities of TiO2@PBC//AC SIHCs device[50];(c) SEM and TEM images of the TiO2@CNT@C, (d) performance comparison for the TiO2@CNT@C//BAC SIHCs device and currently available energy-storage systems, (e) long-term cycle performance of TiO2@CNT@C//BAC SIHCs device[51]
Fig. 5 (a, b) SEM and TEM images of the 3D-IO FeS-QDs@NC[57]; (c, d) SEM images of the SnS2/GCA[59]; (e, f) TEM images of the MoSe2/G[13]
Fig. 6 Ragone plots of the SIHCs device compared with previously reported SIHCs
Table 2 The electrochemical performance comparison based on different anode/cathode SHICs devices
Anode/
Cathode		 Potential
Range
(V)		 Max energy
Density
(Wh·kg-1)		 Max power
density
(W·kg-1)		 Cycling life ref
NaBi//AC 1.5~3.5 106.3 11100 98.6% after 2000 cycles 2 A·g-1 10
MoSe2/G//AC 0.5~3 82 10752 81% after 5000 cycles 5 A·g-1 13
3DFC//3DFAC 0~4.0 111 20000 75.6% after 15000 cycles 2 A·g-1 19
MnSAs/NF-CNs//
MnSAs/NF-CNs		 0~4.0 197 9350 85.2% after 10000 cycles 1 A·g-1 22
PSNC-3-800//
PSOC-A		 1.5~3.5 201 16500 72% after 10000 cycles 6.4 A·g-1 43
SCN-A//SCN-A 0~4.0 112 12000 85% after 3000 cycles 5 A·g-1 44
N-HCNWs//AC 0.5~4.0 108 9000 70% after 2000 cycles 2 A·g-1 45
NHPC-800//NHPAC 0~4.0 115 — — 46
TiO2-x/CNT//AC/CNT 1.0~4.0 109 5000 73% after 2000 cycles 2 A·g-1 49
TiO2-800s@PBC//AC 1.0~4.0 91 13000 71% after 5000 cycles 2 A·g-1 50
TiO2@CNT@C//BAC 1.0~4.0 81.2 12400 85.3% after 5000 cycles 1 A·g-1 51
SnO2/graphene//CNTs 0~4.0 86 4100 100% after 900 cycles 0.5 A·g-1 52
A-SnO2@PCNS//HPC 0~4.0 196.4 28100 72% after 5000 cycles 5 A·g-1 53
3D-IO FeS-QDs@NC//AC 0.5~3.4 151.8 9280 91% after 5000 cycles 1 A·g-1 57
SnS2/ZnS-RGO-180//PCPSK-3 0.01~4.5 145.6 13500 100% after 1000 cycles 1 A·g-1 58
SnS2/GCA//A-KB 1.0~4.3 108.3 6053 68.4% after 1500 cycles 1 A·g-1 59
NCHS//WS2@NCNs 0.5~4.2 134.7 4700 90% after 2000 cycles 0.2 A·g-1 60
Bi NAMPS//B, N-co-doped C 0.2~3.1 93 33000 92% after 5000 cycles 20 A·g-1 65
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