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Progress in Chemistry 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (6): 809-830 DOI: 10.7536/PC171025 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Fluorescent Probes Based on Silicon-Substituted Xanthene Dyes and Their Applications in Bioimaging

Man Du, Baolong Huo, Jiemin Liu*, Mengwen Li, Leqiu Fang, Yunxu Yang*   

  1. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21575012) and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No.2151003).
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During the past several years, fluorescence imaging techniques have provided a powerful technique for studying chemical and biological events and processes in living system in a noninvasive and real time manner in situ with high spatial and temporal resolution. Fluorescence imaging has been becoming a more and more powerful tool in diverse research fields ranging from biology, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis, to drug discovery. Recent advances in fluorescence bioimaging have spurred a higher demand for developing new small-molecule fluorescent probes. Fluorescent probes whose excitation and emission wavelengths are in the near-infrared(NIR) region (650~900 nm) are favorable for biological applications due to the low phototoxicity, minimum interference from the background autofluorescence of biomolecules, low light scattering and deep tissue penetration. Recent research has shown that the Si-substituted xanthenes, in which the O atom in xanthenes is replaced by the Si atom, have attracted considerable interest on account of their excellent NIR photophysical properties as well as biocompatible characteristics. Fluorescent probes based on Si-substituted xanthenes or their derivatives in literatures in recent years are summarized. The progress of the application of Si-substituted xanthenes in metal ions, pH, small molecules, enzymes, and biological imaging are expounded elaborately.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The synthesis of SiRs
2.1 The synthesis of TMDHS
2.2 The synthesis of SiRs
3 Fluorescent probes for cations
3.1 Fluorescent probes for Zn2+
3.2 Fluorescent probes for Ca2+
3.3 Fluorescent probes for Cu2+
3.4 Fluorescent probes for Hg2+
4 Fluorescent probes for pH
5 Fluorescent probes for molecules
5.1 Fluorescent probes for HCHO
5.2 Fluorescent probes for HClO and ROS
6 Fluorescent probes for enzymes
6.1 Fluorescent probes for β-galactosidase
6.2 Fluorescent probes for MMPs
6.3 Fluorescent probes for caspase and LAP
6.4 Fluorescent probes for Btk
7 Fluorescent probes for gases
7.1 Fluorescent probes for O2
7.2 Fluorescent probes for 1O2
7.3 Fluorescent probes for NO
8 Applications of biological imaging
8.1 Imaging of cellular proteins
8.2 Imaging of the Golgi in live cells
8.3 Imaging of GFP cells
8.4 Imaging of tumor cells
8.5 Imaging of mouse transplantation tumor
8.6 Imaging of neurons
8.7 Imaging of bacterial peptidoglycan
8.8 Imaging of cytoskeletal filaments
8.9 DNA stains
8.10 Imaging of mitochondria in myeloma cells
9 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: Si-substituted xanthenes, fluorescent probe, synthesis, near-infrared (NIR), biological imaging

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