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• Review •

Methods for Separation and Analysis of Nanomaterials in the Environment

L? Jitao, Zhang Shuzhen*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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With the rapid development of nanotechnology and the wide application of manufactured nanomaterials, the potential for their release into the environment will increase drastically in the near future. Studies have suggested that the released nanomaterials can cause some potential adverse effects on both ecosystem and human health. Therefore, knowledges of concentration, behavior, and fate of nanomaterials in the environment will help us to accurately evaluate their environmental risks in order to make proper prevention and control countermeasures. However, due to the fact that many properties will influence the behavior and toxicity of nanomaterials in the environment, analysis of nanomaterials includes not only the determination of their concentration but also the identification of their characteristics such as composition, size, surface charge etc., therefore posing a great challenge to accurate analysis of nanomaterials in the environment. This review presents the update methods used for extraction, separation, fractionation and analysis of nanomaterials in the environment, mainly including extraction and preseparation procedures, field flow, chromatographic and electrophoretic methods used for fractionation, and microscopic and spectroscopic techniques applied in characterization and quantification of nanomaterials. It concludes with future research perspectives of these methods, which will hopefully help to establish normative methods and strategies for environmental analysis and improve the ecological risk assessment of nanomaterials in the environment. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials in the environment
3 Sampling and extraction of nanomaterials in the environment
3.1 Prefractionation
3.2 Extract separation
4 Fractionation of nanomaterials in the environment
4.1 Dispersion
4.2 Field flow fractionation
4.3 Chromatographic separation
4.4 Electrophoresis separation
5 Characterization and quantitative analysis of nanomaterials in the environment
5.1 Microscopic tests
5.2 Light-scattering techniques
5.3 Spectroscopic methods
5.4 Quantitative analysis
6 Conclusion and perspectives
Key words: nanomaterials, environment, extraction, separation, characterization, quantitative analysis

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