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所属专题： 锂离子电池

• 综述与评论 •

锂离子电池聚阴离子型正极材料

王福庆1,2, 陈剑*1, 张锋1, 衣宝廉1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 先进二次电池研究组 大连 116023;
    2. 中国科学院研究生院 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2011-11-01 修回日期:2011-12-01 出版日期:2012-08-24 发布日期:2012-08-06
  • 通讯作者: 陈剑 E-mail:chenjian@dicp.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    辽宁省工业攻关计划项目(No.2010220034)和大连市科技基金项目(No.2010A17GX096)资助

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导出 被引次数 ( 19 | 2 )

Polyanion-Type Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Wang Fuqing1,2, Chen Jian1, Zhang Feng1, Yi Baolian1   

  1. 1. Advanced Rechargeable Batteries Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
    2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2011-11-01 Revised:2011-12-01 Online:2012-08-24 Published:2012-08-06
聚阴离子型正极材料具有高安全性、低成本和环境友好等优点,是最具潜力的车用动力锂离子电池正极材料之一,但是较低的电子电导率和离子电导率以及较差的倍率性能和低温性能限制了这类材料的实际应用。近年来,通过对材料进行表面包覆电子良导体、体相掺杂以及制备纳米尺寸材料等,显著提升了部分聚阴离子型正极材料的电化学性能;同时,还实现了磷酸亚铁锂在车用动力电池中的实际应用。本文论述了近年来聚阴离子型正极材料研究领域中的研究热点及进展,特别是近几年重新成为研究热点的硅酸盐和硫酸盐正极材料,重点讨论了各种聚阴离子型正极材料的晶体结构、合成及改性方法、电化学性质、安全性以及实际应用所面临的技术瓶颈等,最后探讨了提升材料性能的可能途径。
关键词： 聚阴离子型材料, 正极材料, 锂离子电池, 磷酸盐, 硅酸盐, 硫酸盐
Polyanion-type materials are considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for power batteries due to the good safety, low cost and environmental benign of the materials. However, the commercial application of this kind of material is hindered by the poor rate capability and low-temperature performance caused by the low electronic and ionic conductivity of the materials. Recently, the electrochemical performances of the materials have been improved to a certain extend by coating the material particles with carbon or conductive polymer, doping the compounds with foreign metal ions, and preparing the nano-structured materials. And the commercial applications of LiFePO4 in power batteries have been successfully achieved.In this paper, the recent progress on the polyanion-type cathode materials, including silicates and sulfates which have become the research focus again, are reviewed. The crystal structure, synthesis and modification process, electrochemical characteristics, safety of the material, as well as the technical bottlenecks in the actual applications are discussed. The possible approaches to improve the output performance of the materials and the development trends of the polyanion-type cathode materials are also discussed and prospected. Contents 1 Introduction
2 Crystal structure, preparation, and electrochemical characteristic of polyanion-type cathode materials
2.1 Phosphates
2.2 Silicates
2.3 Sulfates
3 Strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of polyanion-type cathode materials
4 Safety of polyanion-type cathode materials
5 Complex/blend cathode materials
6 Conclusion and prospects
Key words: polyanion-type materials, cathode materials, Li-ion batteries, phosphates, silicates, sulfates

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锂离子电池聚阴离子型正极材料