Increased glycolysis in malignant tumors has been one of the hallmarks and biotargets of tumor targeting that enable the design and development of novel targeted therapy agents. In this review, by focusing on the Warburg effect-targeted drug discovery and the unique concepts for development of glucose transporters(GLUTs)-targeted anticancer agents, we examine the current scenario with a brief introduction of anticancer GLUTs inhibitors and glycoconjugated antitumor examples, to provide an overview of studies of the Warburg effect-targeted anticancer drug development, the design strategy and useful perspectives for new-generation of targeted chemotherapeutic agents.

H-shaped polymer is one type of polymer with light branched topological structure, which possesses unique rheological properties, bulk and solution assembly behaviors different from linear, star and hyperbranched polymers. In the recent years, researchers mainly focus on how to accurately construct H-shaped polymers due to their complex synthesis process. However, the literatures on H-shaped polymer and their properties are still limited and no review about them is reported. In this article, the synthesis and properties of H-shaped homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, quintopolymers and other H-shaped polymers are summarized according to the different building blocks of H-shaped polymers. On this basis, the research trends are also expected based on the progress of this kind of polymer.

It has been a long-standing research topic in the field of coordination polymerization to improve the stereoregularity of polymers because the stereoregularity has an important influence on the physical and mechanical properties. Over the past few decades, coordination polymerization has gained great achievement in the field of stereospecific polymerization of nonpolar monomers, such as α-olefins, styrene and conjugated dienes. However, the polyolefins suffer from poor surface properties and compatibility and are difficult to be post-functionalized due to their nonpolar nature and stable chemical properties. Therefore, it is of great significance to introduce polar group into the nonpolar polyolefins via stereoselective polymerization of polar monomers. In traditional coordination polymerization, the polar atom/group on the monomer is readily coordinated to the Lewis-acidic active metal center, consequently the catalyst systems lose stereo-control or even activity. Therefore, the combination of properly chosen ancillary ligand, metal center and polar monomers is of great significance for stereo-controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers. In recent years, a variety of rare-earth metal complexes have been exploited for the stereospecific polymerization of aromatic polar vinyl monomers, e.g. 2-vinyl pyridine, hetero-atom functionalized styrene and boraza(BN) aromatic vinyl monomer, and great breakthrough has been achieved on the stereoregularity control. These interesting results enrich the understanding of the polar atom/group in the coordination polymerization. Herein, the review focuses on the species of the aromatic polar monomers, summarizes the influence of the backbone structure, electronic effect, steric hindrance of the ancillary ligands, rare-earth metal, and solvent effect on polymerization activity and stereo-selectivity, and discusses the proper related polymerization mechanism.

Membrane separation technologies have been widely used for water treatment and precise separation owing to their low operation cost and high separation efficiency. Thin-film composite(TFC) polyamide(PA) membrane is the state-of-art choice for separation membrane and has been widely used in nanofiltration(NF), reverse osmosis(RO), forward osmosis(FO) and pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) process. TFC-PA membrane is comprised of a dense active polyamide layer and a microporous support layer, and has excellent perm-selectivity with high water flux and high salt rejection. However, due to the hydrophobicity of the PA layer and the microporous structure of the support layer, TFC-PA membrane is highly susceptible to membrane fouling, which limits its further application. Intensive works have been done to modify the TFC-PA membrane for the improved surface hydrophilicity and the enhanced antifouling performance. In this review, the fouling characteristics of TFC-PA membrane in different membrane processes are discussed, and the research progress of the antifouling TFC-PA membrane is summarized. Furthermore, the antifouling modification methods of the PA layer and the support layer are comprehensively reviewed as well as their antifouling mechanisms and the problems to be solved. This review provides some insights into the structure tailoring and surface modification of TFC-PA membrane having excellent antifouling properties.

Hydrogels have the features of high water content, good flexibility, high viscoelasticity, high biocompatibility, and unique stimulus response characteristic, which makes hydrogel materials attract much attention in the detection of bacteria. The research of hydrogel-based bacterial sensors and sensor chips is of great significance to the basic scientific research of bacteria, and it also has important application value for rapid and efficient detection of bacteria, prevention and control of bacterial pollution in specific environments, and control of disease transmission. The latest research works of hydrogel-based bacterial sensing detection are reviewed in this article. The types of hydrogel and the influence factors of the interaction between hydrogel and bacteria are briefly introduced. The sensors and sensing detection methods based on temperature-sensitive hydrogel, pH-sensitive hydrogel, enzyme-sensitive hydrogel and functionalized hydrogels with specific markers are reviewed and discussed in detail. The research progress of new type hydrogel-based flexible sensors and hydrogel-based microfluidic sensor chips are highlighted. The detection efficiency, signal acquisition, and stability of the hydrogel-based bacterial sensors still need to be further improved and expanded. With the emergence of new hydrogel materials, much more attention have been paid to developments of smart bacterial sensors, flexible sensors, and integrated microfluidic sensor chips which are shown good exploration potential and application prospects in terms of bacterial detection.

Nitrogen oxides(NO _x ) are one of the main pollutants causing atmospheric pollution. Nitrogen oxides emitted from fixed sources such as industrial furnaces and coal-fired power plants and mobile sources such as motor vehicles have caused a series of damage to the ecological environment. Controlling and reducing NO _x emission is a very difficult task at present. In the past decades, metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have shown prominent heterogeneous catalytic activity due to their multiple active sites, large BET surface area, structural diversity and easy functionalization. These characteristics have attracted more and more attention to MOFs catalyst materials in the field of low-temperature industrial denitration in recent years. This review summarizes the application progress of MOFs materials in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia. This review focuses on the application of MOFs materials of single and hybrid metals and the study of MOFs-derived composite catalysts. Finally, the current problems of MOFs in the field of low-temperature denitrification are proposed, and the development directions and prospects are prospected.

Hydrogen has attracted much attention as a globally accepted clean energy carrier. Currently, the search of safe and efficient hydrogen storage materials is one of the most difficult challenges for the transformation to hydrogen powered society as a long-term solution for a secure energy future. Ammonia borane(NH₃BH₃, AB) has been considered to be a promising chemical hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen capacity(19.6 wt%), high volumetric hydrogen density(0.145 kgH₂/L), and remarkable advantages in hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation performance. Hydrogen stored in ammonia borane can be released via pyrolysis, methanolysis, and hydrolysis routes. Among them, hydrolysis of ammonia borane can be easily controlled and without CO produced(easy to poison the catalyst) in the presence of an appropriate catalyst under mild conditions, which seems to be the most safe, effective, and convenient route for hydrogen storage applications. In this review, the properties and synthesis of ammonia borane are briefly introduced. The mechanism of hydrogen production from ammonia borane is described. Meanwhile, the research progress in catalytic hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane for chemical storage is significantly reviewed. Moreover, the promoting effect of alkali for this hydrolysis reaction is concisely analyzed and the recovery of hydrolysate is also discussed.

Solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) water electrolysis plays an important role in the utilization of renewable resources and the development of the hydrogen economy. Catalyst is the most significant influencial factor to attain a high energy conversion efficiency. Due to the serious corrosion effects and high operation potential in the SPE water electrolysis, commercial catalysts used for the SPE water electrolysis are typically Pt and Ir based materials. However, the limited resources and high price of precious metals lead to expensive catalysis costs and impose huge resitrictions to the development of SPE water electrolysis technology. Investigation of water electrolysis catalysts in the acidic electrolyte mainly focus upon cutting down the usage of precious metals, and improving and extending the ultilization and stability of noble metal catalysts. Moreover, persuing cost-effective alternative materials and developing non-precious hydrogen and oxygen evolution catalysts are the target of searching for efficient SPE water electrolysis catalysts. Combining the in-depth expoloration of catalysis principles and fast advances of simulation and calculation technologies, design and synthesis of the more active hydrogen and oxygen evolution catalysts are of significance influence for the application of SPE water electrolysis. This work makes a summary of current developments of mechamism for SPE water electrolysis, introduces the latest progress of catalyst preparation methods for SPE catalysts, does a simple summary on the development of multiple fuctional catalysts for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution process and provides some suggestions to the investigation of water electrolysis catalysts. We hope this work can play positive roles in the advances of SPE water electrolysis.

3D printing to prepare ceramics can realize structure-material design integration, which provides new opportunities for rapid prototyping of ceramic materials with complex shapes. However, traditional 3D printing for preparing ceramics uses ceramic powder or ceramic particles as the printing material, which has problems such as poor dimensional accuracy of ceramic components, low surface finish, and poor mechanical properties. In recent years, the emergence of technology that uses polymer precursors to produce ceramic materials with complex shapes through processes of 3D printing molding and pyrolysis provides new methods to improve this situation. It has become one of the most popular research topics in the field of 3D printing to prepare ceramics. This article summarizes the research progress of 3D printing of polymer precursor derived high performance ceramics, focusing on research status of the five typical material systems: bulk polymer precursors, polymer precursors/photosensitive compounds blends, polymer precursors/thiol compounds blends, photosensitive group-modified polymer precursors, and reinforcement/polymer precursors. Besides, an outlook for future development of 3D printing of polymer precursor derived advanced ceramics is given.

With the rapid development of industrialization, the discharge of wastewater containing hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)) is increasing day by day. The toxicity and high mobility of Cr(Ⅵ) cause great environmental pollution. Reducing Cr(Ⅵ) to trivalent chromium(Cr(Ⅲ)) with low toxicity and low fluidity is one of the current effective treatment methods. Compared with the traditional methods, the catalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) driven by sunlight, electricity and microwave, has the advantages of no catalyst consumption, less reductant consumption, no secondary pollution and limited resource loss, and has become an effective solution to deal with Cr(Ⅵ) pollution. Based on this, the present paper reviews the application of photocatalyst, electrocatalyst and microwave catalyst for Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. Based on the summary and analysis of previous research results, the research direction and key points of Cr(Ⅵ) catalytic reduction technology in the future are prospected.

Ionic liquids have been considered as the solvent media to meet the needs of sustainable and green chemistry because of the characteristics of non-volatilization, non-combustion, high thermal stability, wide electrochemical window and so on. As a variety of active metals and alloys can be electrodeposited in ionic liquids at room temperature, ionic liquids have attracted much attention. In this review, we present the application progress of ionic liquids in electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum alloy in recent years systematically. The types of ionic liquids used in electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum alloy are classified. The mechanism of metal electrodeposition is summarized. The electrodeposition technology of aluminum with different morphologies as well as binary and ternary aluminum alloy is described in detail. Furthermore, the existing theoretical and technical problems on aluminum and alloy electrodeposition in ionic liquids are discussed, and the potential development direction is also prospected.

The diversity of cathode electron acceptor of microbial fuel cell(MFC) can realize its cathode denitrification, so as to make rational use of the generated electric energy. Therefore, cathode denitrification has become a research direction of MFC, and also provides a new possibility for the removal of nitrogen from actual wastewater. However, there are many factors in the reaction process that will cause NOx-N to compete with other electron acceptors for anode electrons, which affects the utilization of electrons in the cathode denitrification process, resulting in practical problems such as low nitrogen removal efficiency. At present, research has been conducted to make up for the defects of electricity generation by optimizing the structure of MFC and coupling it with other process systems to realize simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, so as to increase the denitrification efficiency and reduce the demand for carbon source, so as to solve the problem of microbial fuel cell cathode denitrification. In this paper, the research progress at home and abroad is reviewed and the future research direction is predicted from the aspects of different denitrification processes of MFC, the factors affecting MFC cathode denitrification, such as MFC process conditions(pH, C/N, DO), polar chamber separation materials, and the composition of cathode denitrification microbial community.

As an electric charge storage device, dielectric capacitor has attracted growing research interest from both academy and industry. The dielectric material is the key component for the capacitor. Fossil based commercial polymers, such as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), have been widely used as the dielectric materials in the capacitors. However, the change of service condition (e.g. increasing the temperature) will resulted in the low energy storage density of the fossil based polymer dielectric materials because of the reduced dielectric constant and discharge-charge efficiency, and the increased dielectric loss and current leakage. Therefore, novel sustainable polymer dielectric materials with high energy storage density are highly desirable. As the most abundant natural polymer on the earth, cellulose is considered as the candidate for the potential dielectric materials due to the renewable feedstock, low price and biodegradability, etc. Recently, cellulose-based dielectric composites with high energy storage density have been developed, which show improved dielectric constant, breakdown strength and discharge-charge efficiency. This article focuses on the advances in cellulose-based dielectric composites mentioned above. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities are discussed for the further development in the related topics.

Biobutanol is acknowledged as a direct alternative of gasoline, which can meet the demand of sustainable economic development for renewable liquid fuel. Lignocellulosic biomass is an ideal raw material for the biobutanol production due to its merits of being renewable, cheap and easily accessible. However, the complex structure of lignocellulose hinders its direct hydrolysis, and efficient pretreatment is essential for its commercial application. As a novel and environmentally friendly solvent, deep eutectic solvents(DESs) have high potential for biomass pretreatment due to its advantages of low cost, low toxicity, strong solubility, excellent selectivity and biocompatibility. This article mainly focuses on the application of DES in lignocellulose pretreatment for biobutanol production. Firstly, the types and properties of DESs are introduced. Secondly, the dissolution efficiency of components in lignocellulose in DESs is summarized, and the effects of DESs pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis and butanol fermentation process are discussed. Thirdly, the application potential of consolidated bioprocessing in the production of biobutanol is reviewed by combing various bioprocessing processes. Finally, the prospects of DESs pretreatment lignocellulose for producing biobutanol are proposed.

As a typical representative of inorganic layered materials, layered double hydroxide(LDH) has attracted intensive interest in the well-established and advanced fields of applications. However, current studies on the function optimization of LDH mainly focus on tuning the composition, interlayer anions and particle size, ignoring the relationship between the morphology and property. This review starts with a brief introduction of the basic structure and property of LDH, and then summarizes the LDH synthetic methods of the traditional hexagonal platelets and novel morphologies like microspheres, nanocages, nanowires and nanorings. To improve the comprehensive performance of LDH composite materials, the construction mechanism has been deeply explored through controlling the reaction condition and formulation, as well as the surface property of matrix. In addition, we also discuss the potential applications of LDH composites in water remediation as the adsorbents, catalysts and separation materials. Finally, the present difficulties and development trends of controlling synthesis of LDH are prospected.

With the popularity of electronic equipment and the rapid rise of electric vehicle industry, lithium-ion battery, as a source of energy, plays an important role. The production and sales of lithium-ion batteries represented by lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate and ternary cathode materials are increasing. At the same time, in order to provide longer life and stability, the research of novel lithium-ion battery cathode materials is also advancing. In this context, the failure mechanism, and recycling of lithium-ion battery cathode materials becomes more and more important. How to solve the problem of waste lithium-ion battery treatment in the downstream is gradually put on the agenda. Based on this, this paper introduces the recycling and regeneration process of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials from the perspectives of hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, including the optimization of recycling conditions, novel recycling methods and the performance of recycled materials, and summarizes the influence of impurity elements in the recycling process, including aluminum, copper and other elements on the structure and performance of recycled materials Finally, the methods of lithium-ion battery recycling are summarized and prospected.