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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (12): 1895-1907 DOI: 10.7536/PC200320 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Structure Tailoring and Surface Modification of Antifouling Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Membrane

Luyao Deng1, Shaolu Li1, Yiwen Qin1, Yunxia Hu1,**()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Yunxia Hu
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 21476249); the Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project(No. 17PTSYJC00060)
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Membrane separation technologies have been widely used for water treatment and precise separation owing to their low operation cost and high separation efficiency. Thin-film composite(TFC) polyamide(PA) membrane is the state-of-art choice for separation membrane and has been widely used in nanofiltration(NF), reverse osmosis(RO), forward osmosis(FO) and pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) process. TFC-PA membrane is comprised of a dense active polyamide layer and a microporous support layer, and has excellent perm-selectivity with high water flux and high salt rejection. However, due to the hydrophobicity of the PA layer and the microporous structure of the support layer, TFC-PA membrane is highly susceptible to membrane fouling, which limits its further application. Intensive works have been done to modify the TFC-PA membrane for the improved surface hydrophilicity and the enhanced antifouling performance. In this review, the fouling characteristics of TFC-PA membrane in different membrane processes are discussed, and the research progress of the antifouling TFC-PA membrane is summarized. Furthermore, the antifouling modification methods of the PA layer and the support layer are comprehensively reviewed as well as their antifouling mechanisms and the problems to be solved. This review provides some insights into the structure tailoring and surface modification of TFC-PA membrane having excellent antifouling properties.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Membrane fouling

2.1 Formation process of the membrane fouling

2.2 Parameters affecting the membrane fouling

2.3 Fouling location of TFC-PA membrane

3 Structure tailoring and surface modification of the antifouling TFC-PA membrane

3.1 Construction strategy of the active layer with antifouling properties

3.2 Construction strategy of the support layer with antifouling properties

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: thin-film composite polyamide, active layer, support layer, membrane fouling, antifouling modification
Fig.1 Schematic of AL-DS mode (a) and AL-FS mode(b), and the corresponding membrane fouling of the TFC FO membrane
Fig.2 Schematic of the reaction mechanism for BIBB participating in the interfacial polymerization followed by initiating the ATRP reaction for the grafting of zwitterions [58]
Fig.3 Schematic of the grafting of hPG on the PA layer via layer-by-layer interfacial polymerization (a); the water fluxes and reverse salt fluxes of the membranes before and after grafting hPG(feed solution: deionized water; draw solution: 1 mol/L NaCl solution)(b); the normalized water flux of the pristine and the hPG-grafted membrane during the long-term FO(AL-FS) dynamic fouling experiment(BSA was used as the model foulant.)(c) [68] . Copyright 2017, The Royal Society of Chemistry
Fig.4 Schematic of the grafting mechanism for the PA layer in the presence of carboxyl activator of EDC/NHS [76] (a) or CMPI [79] (b)
Fig.5 Schematic of activation of amide groups and grafting reaction of MPDSAH on the PA layer [82] . Copyright 2014, Wiley Online Library
Fig.6 Schematic of the zwitterion grafting modification on the PA layer via ATRP [88] . Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
Fig.7 Schematic of the grafting of PVA on the PA layer in the presence of GA [101]
Fig.8 Fluorescence microscopy images of the support surfaces of the TFC-PA membrane with PSF support (a) and the TFC-PA membrane with PEG- b-PSF- b-PEG support(b); the normalized water flux of the fabricated TFC-PA membranes during the long-term FO(AL-DS) dynamic fouling experiment(BSA was used as the model foulant. TFC(PFS) and Annealed TFC(PEG- b-PSF- b-PEG) refer to the membrane with PSF support and PEG- b-PSF- b-PEG support, respectively.) [118] . Copyright 2019, Springer Nature
Fig.9 SEM images of the backside of TFC-PA membrane before (a) and after(b) constructing an ultrathin carbon nanotube layer; the intrinsic transport parameters including A, B, and S of the fabricated TFC-PA membranes(c); the normalized water flux of the fabricated TFC-PA membranes during the long-term FO(AL-DS) dynamic fouling experiment(BSA was used as the model foulant)(d). TFC-modified and TFC-control refer to the support coated with and without a carbon nanotube back layer, respectively.) [133] . Copyright 2020, Elsevier
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