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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (12): 2064-2074 DOI: 10.7536/PC200119 Previous Articles   

Special Issue: 锂离子电池

• Review •

Recycling and Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Guange Wang1, Huaning Zhang2, Tong Wu1, Borui Liu4, Qing Huang1,3,**(), Yuefeng Su1,3   

  1. 1 School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    2 Chaoyang No.2 High School, Chaoyang 122000, China
    3 Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
    4 Office of National Assets & Laboratory Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Qing Huang
  • Supported by:
    the National Key R&D Program of China(No. 2016YFB0100301); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875022, 51802020, U1664255)
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With the popularity of electronic equipment and the rapid rise of electric vehicle industry, lithium-ion battery, as a source of energy, plays an important role. The production and sales of lithium-ion batteries represented by lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate and ternary cathode materials are increasing. At the same time, in order to provide longer life and stability, the research of novel lithium-ion battery cathode materials is also advancing. In this context, the failure mechanism, and recycling of lithium-ion battery cathode materials becomes more and more important. How to solve the problem of waste lithium-ion battery treatment in the downstream is gradually put on the agenda. Based on this, this paper introduces the recycling and regeneration process of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials from the perspectives of hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, including the optimization of recycling conditions, novel recycling methods and the performance of recycled materials, and summarizes the influence of impurity elements in the recycling process, including aluminum, copper and other elements on the structure and performance of recycled materials Finally, the methods of lithium-ion battery recycling are summarized and prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Lithium-ion battery pretreatments

3 Hydrometallurgy of spent cathode material

4 Recycling process of lithium ion battery cathode material

4.1 Hydrometallurgy regeneration

4.2 Solid phase regeneration

4.3 Other methods

5 Elimination and the effects of heterogeneous elements on the properties of recycled cathode materials during recycling

6 Industrial recycling methods and environmental impact

7 Conclusion

Key words: spent lithium-ion batteries, cathode materials, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, impurity elements
Fig.1 Market size of spent lithium ion batteries[13]
Fig.2 Pretreatment of spent lithium ion battery[23]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier
Fig.3 Hydrometallurgy recycling process of spent lithium ion battery
Fig.4 Morphology of regenerated cathode material[56]. Copyright 2015, Elsevier
Fig.5 Flow chart of recovery by deep eutectic solvent[69]. Copyright 2015, Wiley
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