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Progress in Chemistry 2004, No.02 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Structure and Mechanism of Water Channels
Sui Haixin*,Ren Gang
2004, 16 (02): 145- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
The mechanism of water transport across biological membranes has been a longstanding problem in physiology and cell biology. The discoveiy and characterization of the AQPl water channel protein leads to the identification of the aquaporin family of water channels which is responsible for the water permeability of biological membranes. The atom-ic structure of mammalian AQPl reveals how this family of proteins transports water molecules, but not other small mole-cules and ions (including protons), rapidly across cell membranes. This review summarizes the discovery of water chan-nel proteins and their mechanism of water-specific transport.
Review
Calculations of Free Energies Based on the Combination of Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Continuum Solvation Model
Hou Tingjun,Xu Xiaojie**
2004, 16 (02): 153- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
In recent years, the methods of calculating free energies based on the combination of molecular dynamics simulations and continuum solvation models have drawn more and more attention, in which MM/PBSA is the most repre-sentational one. In MM/PBSA, the sum of molecular mechanical energies of the molecules is calculated from molecular mechanics (MM); the polar solvation energy in continuum solvent is usually computed using a finite-difference Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model; and the nonpolar solvation energy is often obtained from the solvent-accessible surface area (SA). In this paper, the progress and application of MM/PBSA, as well as some research works in our group, are intro-duced.
Theoretical Study of Vibrational Energy Relaxation in Condensed Phases
Tian Guoca,Shao Jiushu**
2004, 16 (02): 159- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Vibrational energy relaxation in condensed phases is an important dynamical process in chemistry, physics and biology. Over recent years many efforts, both theoretical and experimental, have been made to explore the mech-anism. In this review article we will focus on the basic features of some frequently used theoretical methods as well as their validity in applications, and present new perspectives on developing more accurate techniques.
Challenge from Frontier in Chemistry: Dynamic Self-Assembly
Chai Lihe**,Peng Xiaofeng
2004, 16 (02): 169- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
The present paper analyzed the basis of self-assembly and demonstrated that dynamic self-assembly is one of the most challenging problems from frontier in chemistry. The difficulties of investigating dynamic self-assembly are discussed, and the basic ways of analyzing dynamic self-assembly are proposed.
Some Photo-Chemical and Photo-Physical Problems in Fluorescent Chemical Sensor Study
Wu Shikang
2004, 16 (02): 174- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
In the design and synthesis of fluorescent chemical sensor for the molecular recognition, it is necessary to grasp and understand the fundamental knowledge of emission photo-chemistry and photo-physics well. In this article the photo-chemistry and photo-physics of the part of reporter and relay of fluorescent chemical sensor have been discussed in details. Meanwhile, the photo-chemistry concerned with the receptor part of fluorescent sensor is also discussed.
Progress on the Structure of Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolving Complex and the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Water Oxidation
Han Guangye,Li Shuqin**,Tang Chongqin,Li Liangbi,Kuang Tingyun
2004, 16 (02): 184- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Photosynthetic water oxidation is one of the most important biochemical processes on Earth. Oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms contain two types of photosynthetic reaction center, called photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II). The PS II reaction center uses water as a source of electrons, light energy being used to oxidize water to provide protons and oxygen. How water is oxidized is a difficult problem that has already taken many years of work to understand, however, both the structure of oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and the mechanism of water oxidation still remain to be understood. In this review, we collected the current research results on this area and it will hopefully stimulate further work on the structure of oxygen evolving complex and the mechanism of water oxidation.
New Progress in Electrochemical Preparation of Nanomaterials
Yin Bingsheng,Ma Houyi**,Chen Shenhao
2004, 16 (02): 196- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Electrochemical preparation or assembly of nanostructured materials is a new technique developed in recent years. Application of electrochemical methods in preparation of nanomaterials and the corresponding progress are described in detail. This paper focuses on membrane-based electrochemical synthesis of nanomaterials, electrochemical syn-thesis of metal sols under protection of stabilizers, preparation of nanowire arrays by electrochemical step edge decoration at graphite surface, and synthesis of nanostmctured materials with different shape by means of pulsed sono-electrochemical method.
Application and Research Progress of Electrochemical STM in Corrosion Science
Kong Desheng1,2,Wan Lijun1**,Chen Shenhao2
2004, 16 (02): 204- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
The electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC STM) can be used in electrolyte solution for ac-quiring structural information, controlling electrode processes at atomic/molecular scale. In this paper, the technical ad-vantages of EC STM in the research field of metal corrosion electrochemistry were introduced. The important role and the progress in recent years of the EC STM for investigating the structure of passive films, self-assembled monolayers of inhibitors, active dissolution at metal surface, and the corrosion mechanisms, were reviewed.
New Development in Electrochemical Fluorination
Tao Haisheng1,Li Maoguo1,Wu Lifang2,Fang Bin1**
2004, 16 (02): 213- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Based on the view of perfluorination and partial fluorination, the latest development of electrochemical fluorination is systematically described. In addition, a brief overview of the organofluorine compounds applied in the med-icine field is elucidated in this paper.
Nucleophilic Ring Opening Reaction of Unsymmetric Aziridines and Its Regioselectivity
Ma Linge,Xu Jiaxi**
2004, 16 (02): 220- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Nucleophilic ring opening reaction of unsymmetric aziridines and its regioselectivity with various nucleo-philes was reviewed systematically. The regioselectivity is controlled by a balance between steric hindrance and electronic effect in an aziridine ring. Nucleophilic ring opening reaction of non-aryl and non-alkenyl substituted aziridines occurs generally on the less substituted carbon atom in their aziridine rings, controlled by steric hindrance. However, ihe reaction of aiyl and alkenyl substituted aziridines does on arylmethyl and allyl carbon atom, controlled by electronic effect, and the reaction of alkenyl substituted aziridines can also occur on the /3-carbon atom of the alkenyl group. The regiose-lectivity of intramolecular nucleophilic ring opening reaction of aziridines is controlled by the ring size of products, five-membered ring > six-membered ring > seven-membered ring. For a nucleophile, its regioselectivity is also controlled by both steric hindrance and electronic effect. However, a stronger nucleophile is generally just controlled by steric hin-drance. A nucleophile which prefers to form a stable free radical undergoes a single electron transfer mechanism in ring opening reaction of aziridines to generate products which could be obtained via its attacking on more substituted carbon at-om in an aziridine ring.
Linkers for Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis
Huang Qiang,Long Quan,Zheng Baozhong**
2004, 16 (02): 236- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
This review is concerned with the characteristic, the development, and the application of linkers for solid-phase organic synthesis, especially the functional linkers such as spacer linkers, Iraceless linkers, safety-catch linkers and multidetachable linkers.
Progress in the Synthesis of Poly(4-Hydroxystyrene) for Polymer Photoresists
Meng Shiyun,Li Guangxian*,Yang Qi,Huang Yajiang
2004, 16 (02): 243- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
With the development of the integrate circuit chip technology, more and more attentions have been paid to the synthesis of polymer photoresists with homogeneous chemical and physical features, for the reason that the fabricating polymer photoresists based on poly (4-hydroxystyrene) became one of the key technologies for making the O.llμm chip. In this paper, the methods of synthesizing nan-ow dispersing polymer photoresists based on poly (4-hydroxystyrene) was reviewed and compared with each other, in order to provide a useful guide for the synthesizing polymer photoresists based on poly (4-hydroxystyrene).
Advance in Chemical Mimic of Fe-Only Hydrogenase
He Chengjiang,Wang Mei,Li Minna,Sun Licheng**
2004, 16 (02): 250- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Hydrogenases are one of the important enzymes in many microorganisms, which can catalyze the reversible oxidation of hydrogen. They are classified into three categories according to their active metal centers, that is, Fe-only, [Ni-Fe] and metal free H2ases. This review introduces primarily the recent advances in structural investigation and chemical mimic of Fe-only H2ases.
R&D of Precipitated Iron Catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Wu Baoshan,Tian Lei,Bai Liang,Zhang Zhixin,Xiang Hongwei**,Li Yongwang
2004, 16 (02): 256- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the most important processes in coal conversion to liquid fuels via syngas. The choice of slurry bubble reactor and iron-based catalysts with low cost and high efficiency is a practicable and efficient route for the conversion of coal-derived syngas with low H2/CO ratio. In this paper, the development of F-T syn-thesis process is reviewed. The preparation chemistry, the shaping methods, the active phase composition and the pretreatment conditions of precipitated iron catalysts for the use in slurry reactor and their effects on F-T synthesis performances are introduced in detail. The trend and direction of R&D for this type catalyst are also presented and prospected.
Progress in Chiral Ligands for Asymmetric Catalytic Hydroformylation
Ren Yunlai,Zhao Wencheng,Lv Shijie**
2004, 16 (02): 266- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Crucial to the success in asymmetric hydroformylation is the design and synthesis of ligunds. In the last decades, a number of excellent ligands have been found. But most of them are diphosphine or diphosphite ligands. Thus the features, development and applications of chiral ligands on asymmetric catalytic hydroformylation are the major focus of this review. Additionally, their mechanistic and conceptual background is included with 72 references.
Recent Progress of Column Technology in Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Li Ruiping,Huang Junxiong**
2004, 16 (02): 273- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Recent progress of the column types, packing materials and packing technology in preparative high performance liquid chromatography in industrial scale was described. The differences of characteristics between preparative column and analytical column were also presented. Various types, structures and packing methods of compression columns commonly used in PHPLC in recent years were comprehensively reviewed. The criteria of packing materials used in industrial preparative chromatography was compared with analytical chromatography. Perspective in the applications and developments of column technology was also discussed.
Application of Silicon Linkers in Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis
Han Yongbin,Li Yi**,Yang Guoqiang
2004, 16 (02): 284- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
The concept of solid-phase synthesis has been realized by more and more chemists. The linker plays a crucial role in solid-phase synthesis. Many efforts have been done on the development of new linkers. The organosilyl linkers which have been developed for more than 20 years are according with conditions of ideal linkers antl have the po-tential for development in the future. This paper with 29 references reviewed the design, synthesis and applications of organosilyl linkers in solid phase synthesis within 26 years.
The Applications of Molecular Simulation Technology in the Fields of Petroleum
Cao Bin*,Gao Jinsen,Xu Chunming
2004, 16 (02): 291- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Molecular simulation as a promising technology of computational chemistry has been rapidly developed in recent years. It has been proven to be a useful tool in the fields of material design and structural construction. The re-markable developments make it possible to apply this technology in wide ranges, which are relative to the petroleum such as oilfield chemistry, catalyst preparation, macromolecular design, chemical engineering and heavy oil characterization.
Biodegradable Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Cui Junfeng,Yin Yuji,He Shulan,Yao Kangde**
2004, 16 (02): 299- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Bone is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering. A number of biodegradable and bioresorbable materials, as well as scaffold designs, have been experimentally studied. Materials used as bone tissue engineering scaf-folds can be rigid or injectable.The research on the bone tissue engineering from polymeric scaffold point of view, including the requirement of biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, biomaterials used in bone tissue engineering, scaffold design and fabrication, scaffold surface modification was reviewed in this paper.
Interactions between Small Inorganic Molecules and Biological Macromolecules in Cell
Huang Kaixun**,Liu Qiong,Yang Xiangliang,Xu Huibi
2004, 16 (02): 308- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Cell is a component unit of organism which presents the complexity and factuality of life system. As a re-search object, it is possible to understand the chemical nature of some biological occurrences if the interactions between inorganic molecules and biological macromolecules in cell are studied. There are a lot of problems to be studied in this field, but at present the matters of related diseases severely threatening human health, such as diabetes mellitus, cardio-vascular diseases, cancer, neuropathic degenerative diseases, should be taken precedence. It has important scientific sig-nificance and application value if the research project will be implemented, because it is propitious to understand structure-function relationship, prevent and cure some related diseases, comprehend the regulation mechanism of inorganic molecules to biological reactions, discover new target molecules of drug action, design and develop medicines. In this proposal, the research goal and contents are also given concretely.
From Bioorganic Chemistry to Chemical Biology
Zhang Lihe
2004, 16 (02): 313- |
Published: 24 March 2004
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Abstract
Small molecules have long been associated with biological discoveries. Bioorganic chemistry is a new discipline emerging from the interaction of biology and organic chemistry especially in the field to study the binding of a small molecule to the protein that results in a perturbation of function, either inhibition or activation. Chemical biology and diversity-oriented organic synthesis make possible the systematic exploration of biology and artificial transcription factors be used as a probe for the discovery of new insights into life processes.