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Progress in Chemistry 2005, No.06 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Review
Studies on Jahn-Teller Distortion and Spectra of Fullerene Ions
Teng Qiwen*,Wu Shi
2005, 17 (06): 949-954 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Deep studies on C60n- and C70n- - have been performed based on superconductivities of MxC60 (M = K, Cs,Rb) . The development of research in the Jahn- Teller distortion and spectroscopy of fullereneions C60n±、C70n±、C76n±、C78n± and C80n± is reviewed.Relevant works of other groups worldwide about experimental determination,theoretical calculation,structural exploration and spectroscopic investigation are introduced.The regularity of Jahn-Tellerdistortion and electronic spectra of fullerene ions is further explored according to authorsptheoretical research in this field.
Molecular Simulation and Its Applications in the Field of Supercritical Fluids
Zhang Yang,Yang Jichu,Yu Yangxin,Li Yigui
2005, 17 (06): 955-962 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
As a newly developed technique , molecular simulation has been widely used in chemistry , chemical engineering , materials science , biology and many other fields. Applying this method to the study on supercritical fluids ,researchers not only get information on the structural and thermodynamic properties , but also overcome the difficulties inthe experiments under high pressure and temperature. The simulation methods and results of pure supercritical fluids in bulk and confined space , supercritical extraction and reaction are reviewed in this article. The new trends and difficulties in these fields are also discussed.
Review on Thin Metal Bipolar Plates for PEMFC
Huang Naibao,Yi Baolian**,Hou Ming,Ming Pingwen
2005, 17 (06): 963-969 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Bipolar plate is the key component of PEMFC and represents a significant part of the overall cost and the total weight in a fuel cell stack. The thin metal bipolar plate is classified into three types,iron2based alloys,nickel2 based alloys and light metal alloys such as aluminum,titanium,etc. The surface modification methods are also reviewed systematically.The conductive compounds and electrochemical methods are discussed and considered to be the future modification way for thin metal bipolar plates of PEMFC.
Single-Chain Magnets and Their Research Progress
Xu Gongfeng,Wang Qinglun**,Liao Daizheng,Yang Guangming
2005, 17 (06): 970-977 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Single-chain magnets are another highlight field following the single-molecular magnets in molecular magnetism. The research of their unique magnetic behavior is of important significance both in fundamental science and applications. The species,structures and magnetism study of single-chain magnets are generally reviewed in this paper.The perspective for future development in this field is also briefly mentioned.
Preparation of Magnetic Monodisperse Nanoparticles and Biopolymer Assembly on the Magnetic Carriers
Gan Zhifeng,Jiang Jisen**
2005, 17 (06): 978-986 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Because of their great application potentials in biomedicine,magnetic nanoparticles have got great and wide attention in the fields of nanomaterials and nanobiology.Progress in preparation of magnetic monodisperse nanoparticles and the methods of biopolymer assembly on the magnetic carriers is reviewed in this paper.
Advances in Heterogemini Surfactants
Zhao Jianxi**
2005, 17 (06): 987-993 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Symmetrical gemini surfactants are made up of two identical amphiphilic moieties covalently connected at the level of the headgroups by a spacer chain. The gemini surfactants have been attracting increasing attention owing to their novel and complicated self2assembly behaviour. Up to now , however , only a few works have been focused on unsymmetrical gemini surfactants ( also called heterogeminis) because of the difficulty for synthesis. The initial investigations showed that the heterogeminis have more molecular structure factors that can be regulated and governed during the process of the molecular self2assembly than symmetrical geminis. Some novel results had been obtained , for example , enhanced driving force of enthalpy factor , constructed counterions2free systems by the heterogeminis containing cationic2anionic head groups and bound vesicles formed by heterogeminis making use of its different length of alkyl chains, etc. The advances in investigating heterogemini surfactants are reviewed and the potential significance in study of heterogeminis is pointed out .
The Preparation,Properties and Applications of Metallodielectric Core2Shell Structure Composite Materials
Hu Yonghong1,Rong Jianhua1,Liu Yingliang1**,Man Shiqing2
2005, 17 (06): 994-1000 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Due to the unique structure,core2shell structure composite nanoparticles,which consist of a dielectric core coated with a nanometer scale metallic shell,have many unusual properties, especially the properties of surface plasmon resonance. By varying the size of metal nanoparticles and the relative dimensions of the core and shell,the optical resonance of these nanoparticles can be regulated in a broad spectral range. The preparation,properties and applications of various types of metallodielectric core2shell structure composite nanoparticles are reviewed in this article.
The Development of Low Dielectric Constant Films
Wang Juan**,Zhang Changrui,Feng Jian
2005, 17 (06): 1001-1011 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Low dielectric constant ( low k ) films used as intermetal or interlevel dielectrics can minimize interconnect resistancePcapacitance ( RC) delay,power consumption and cross talk of ULSI.The possible ways to lower the k values of dielectric films are revealed based on analysis of molecule polarization. The synthesis,structure,properties and process interaction of low k dielectrics are reviewed.Characterization techniques for low k dielectric films are summarized.
Progress in SnO2TiO2 Composite Semiconductor Nanofilm
Shang Jing**,Xie Shaodong,Liu Jianguo
2005, 17 (06): 1012-1018 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
The research history and current focus of SnO2TiO2 composite semiconductor nanofilms are summarized in this paper.Three types of the nanofilms,mixed,core-shell and layer-stacked,are thoroughly elucidated and compared in terms of structure and property.In particular,the optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties of SnO2 /TiO2 bilayer nanofilm are emphasized.The dependence of photocatalytic activity of this nanofilmon the TiO2 or SnO2 layer thickness is discussed.The increased photocatalytic activity of SnO2 /TiO2 composite nanofilms can be attributed to the improvement of the efficiency of electron transferring from TiO2 to SnO2.The development potential and limitation of the SnO2 /TiO2 composite nanofilms are briefly analyzed.
Research and Applications of Functional Materials of Titanate
Feng Xiuli1,2,Wang Gongying1*,Qiu Fali1
2005, 17 (06): 1019-1027 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
The properties,synthesis technologies and applications of titanates are reviewed.It is pointed out that the preparation of novel structured titanates,the discovery of novel properties and new application fields are worth studying deeply.
Ionic Liquids for the Convenient Synthesis of Functional Inorganic Nanomaterials
Cao Jieming*,Fang Baoqing,Wang Jun,Zheng Mingbo,Deng Shaogao,Ma Xianjia
2005, 17 (06): 1028-1033 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
As a new type of green environment2friendly solvent,room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been attractive for its abroad applications in the synthesis of the inorganic nanomaterials. Now , RTILs have been widely used in the synthesis of nanoporous materials , nanoparticles,hollow spheres , one2dimension nanomaterials and so on. RTILs have great advantage over the traditional solvents in the synthetical process,and its responding synthetical products are also different from those of the traditional solvents. RTILs provide a new route for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials.The representative examples of the research to summarize the development of the use of RTILs in the synthesis of the inorganic nanomaterials are given.
Progress in the Species of Al30 in Hydrolytic Polymeric Aluminum Solutions
Luan Zhaokun**,Chen Zhaoyang,Li Yanzhong
2005, 17 (06): 1034-1040 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
The species distribution in hydrolytic polymeric aluminum solutions is a research focus in the fields of analysis ,catalysis,agrology,geochemistry,new materials,environmental science ,biotoxicology,etc.The species of Al30 with a structure of Keggin is the biggest polycation ever characterized and is the highest charged polycation discovered so far in hydrolytic polymeric aluminum solutions.It is unique by its molecular structure and size.The molecular size is in the range of nanometer,which is significant for catalytic chemistry,the development of new functional materials and high- effective coagulants and the study of hydrolysis,polymerization and transformation of aluminum salts.The advances in the formation,species analytic methods ,molecular structure mode and formation mechanism of Al30 were reviewed in this paper,and the further research trends of hydrolytic polymeric aluminum solutions were reviewed.
Progress of Synthesis and Applications of Organoaluminacycles
Fang Hongyun,Xi Zhenfeng**
2005, 17 (06): 1041-1047 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Recent progress of synthesis and applications of organoaluminacycles is summarized. As synthetic methods for organoaluminacycles,carboalumination or hydroalumination of alkynes followed by thermal elimination,reaction of di2organolithium reagents with aluminum halides,and zirconocene2catalyzed reactions of alkynes with AlR3 have been developed.Useful synthetic reactions of organoaluminacycles ,such as reactions with a variety of electrophiles,alkylation reagents,and metal2mediated coupling reactions are presented.
The Development of the Carbenium Transition State Analogs
Liao Guihong,He Hongwu**
2005, 17 (06): 1048-1053 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
An important feature in the enzyme catalyzed reaction is that an enzyme recognizes and binds more tightly to the transition state than to the ground state of the substrate product interconversion. The transition state analog must be a potent inhibitor of the enzyme.The recent development of the carbenium transition state analogs as the enzymatic inhibitors which are designed by the transition state theory of enzyme catalyzed reactions is reviewed. Four types of enzymatic inhibitors including the transition state analogs of isoprenoid pyrophosphate,sialyltransferase,KDO8P and UGT are introduced.
The Bioactivity of Glycocluster and Glycodendrimer
Lu Weishen1,Zhang Xiaoru2**
2005, 17 (06): 1054-1059 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
A new type of glycoconjugate-glycocluster and glycodendrimer has been designed as mimics for the “multivalent effect”in nature. The recent advances in bioactivity of glycocluster and glycodendrimer and their potential applications are reviewed in this article.
Progress in Biocatalytic Reactions in Ionic Liquids
Liu Qingbin*,Zhang Zhanhui,Zhang Fujun
2005, 17 (06): 1060-1066 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Recent advances of biocatalytic reactions in ionic liquids are reviewed. Ionic liquids as a new kind of green solvent are applied in biocatalysis. The characteristics of this media are as follows : in ionic liquids enzymes have good thermal stability , selectivity and reactivity ; polar reactants have good solubility and products are easy separated.Both enzymes and ionic liquids could be recycled. The perspectives on biocatalysis in ionic liquids is provided.
Research and Progress of Mimetic Enzymes
Liu Youqin1,2**,Yan Yun1,Shen Hanxi2
2005, 17 (06): 1067-1073 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
The research progress of porphyrin , host reagent,imprinting polymer , membrane system and complexes as mimetic enzymes are reviewed in detail . It is of importance to develop the investigation of mimetic enzyme,which helps to understand the interacting mechanism of enzymes, establish the analytic methods of new bioactive molecules and make a deep insight into many important events in vivo. The future development of mimetic enzyme is prospected.
Advances in Surface Initiated Polymerization
Ni Gang,Yang Wu**,He Xiaoyan,Bo Lili,Lu Weilian
2005, 17 (06): 1074-1080 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
The recent developments of surface initiated polymerization are reviewed. Surface modification of the polymers is an important area both for application and basic research. As a new kind of controlled polymerization techniques,surface initiated polymerization can be used to modify the surfaces of the solid materials and tailor substrate properties.It opens a new way for the modification of solid substrates for their potential applications in a variety of technological fields.The theoretical and the experimental approaches and the research prospects of the surface initiated polymerization are extensively introduced in this paper.The applications of this technique including the patterned nanostructures of polymer films and polymer brushes are also discussed in detail.
Recent Developments of Self-Propagating Frontal Polymerization
Yan Qingzhi,Su Xintai,Ge Changchun**
2005, 17 (06): 1081-1088 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Frontal polymerization (FP) is a polymer synthesis technique that uses the exothermic reactions to form a self2sustaining wave.Because no additional heat is needed after the initial polymerization, the process has potential advantages over traditional polymerization methods : lower processing costs ,less energy input and absence of solvent.These advantages make FP a potential viable option in polymer synthesis.The mechanism of FP,frontal structure,velocity,front mode and properties of polymer produced via FP are reviewed.The future directions of FP research are prospected.
Progress of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ( ATRP) Applied to the Synthesis of Star Polymers
Tang Xinde1,2,Fan Xinghe1**,Chen Xiaofang1,Zhou Qifeng1**
2005, 17 (06): 1089-1095 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Star polymers synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in recent ten years are reviewed.Atom transfer radical polymerization applied to synthesize star polymers are discussed in terms of monomers ,initiators , methods of polymerization,condition of polymerization,and properties of products. Reactions are classified by polymeric approach and initiator. Application of ATRP technology to the synthesis of functional complex star polymers is predicted.
Progress in Studies on Radiation Effects of Polysiloxanes
Jiang Zhigang,Feng Shengyu*
2005, 17 (06): 1096-1101 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Various factors influencing the radiation effects of polysiloxanes and their radiation effects under different radiations are reviewed. Ways of improving the radiation resistance of polysiloxane are suggested.
Preparation of Nanomicelles through Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Zhou Junfeng,Wang Li*,Chen Tao,Wang Wei
2005, 17 (06): 1102-1109 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
In this paper,synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers and preparation of nanomicelles through self2 assembly from resultant copolymers are reviewed.The recent advances and the development tendency in this aspect are presented.
Synthesis and Applications for Materials of Metallorganic Frameworks
Wei Wenying,Fang Jian,Kong Haining,Han Jinyu*,Chang Heying
2005, 17 (06): 1110-1115 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Materials of metallorganic frameworks is a new kind of functional materials being largely researched now.The principles of design,preparation process,the factors effecting on the structure and the development status of synthesis for metallorganic frameworks(MOFs) are discussed. The applications of the new kind of poly2function materials in the aspect of catalyst,gas storage and separation are summarized. In addition,suggestions of the prospective design,synthesis and applications are presented.
Modification and Application of Zirconia2Based Packings in HPLC Separations
Dun Huijuan1**,Zhao Huimin1,Chen Liren2
2005, 17 (06): 1116-1122 |
Published: 24 November 2005
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Abstract
Zirconia exhibits excellent chemical,thermal and mechanical stability. Recently,there has been an increasing importance in application of zirconia support for their good basic and bioanalytic suitability. Zirconia shows different selectivity from silica and it enriches the power of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).In this review,the various modifications of zirconia packings,their application in HPLC separations are outlined.It has been found that zirconia is a promising HPLC packing support .