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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (4): 467-480 DOI: 10.7536/PC190721 前一篇   后一篇

所属专题： 锂离子电池

• •

锂离子电池有机硅功能电解液

汪靖伦1,**(), 冉琴1, 韩冲宇1, 唐子龙1, 陈启多2, 秦雪英2,**()   

  1. 1. 湖南科技大学理论有机化学与功能分子教育部重点实验室 化学化工学院 湘潭 411201
    2. 惠州市豪鹏科技有限公司 惠州 516000
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-18 修回日期:2019-12-31 出版日期:2020-04-05 发布日期:2020-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 汪靖伦, 秦雪英
  • 作者简介:
    ** 通信作者 Corresponding author e-mail: (Jinglun Wang); (Xueying Qin)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21202165); 湖南科技大学博士科研启动项目(E518B1)
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Organosilicon Functionalized Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Jinglun Wang1,**(), Qin Ran1, Chongyu Han1, Zilong Tang1, Qiduo Chen2, Xueying Qin2,**()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
    2. Highpower International Inc., Huizhou 516000, China
  • Received:2019-07-18 Revised:2019-12-31 Online:2020-04-05 Published:2020-03-30
  • Contact: Jinglun Wang, Xueying Qin
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21202165); the Doctoral Foundation of Hunan University of Science and Technology(E518B1)

高安全高电压电解液的开发是锂离子电池电解液发展的重要方向。有机硅化合物由于具有独特的理化性能,使其成为锂离子电池电解液领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了有机硅电解液的研究进展,重点从功能分子设计的角度介绍含碳酸酯基、氨基甲酸酯基、腈基、离子液体、含氟类的有机硅功能电解液溶剂制备及电池性能表现;详细阐述具有结构多样性的有机硅化合物用作高电压添加剂、高安全添加剂、高/低温添加剂、储存/耐自放电添加剂、吸酸吸水添加剂及其在不同电池材料体系中的应用。最后,对有机硅电解液的研究趋势和应用前景进行了展望。

关键词： 锂离子电池, 电解液, 有机硅, 功能添加剂

The development of electrolyte with high-safety and high-voltage is of significant importance for high performance lithium-ion batteries. Recently, organosilicon electrolytes with unique physicochemical properties have become one of the choices. In this review, the advances of organosilicon compounds both as electrolyte solvents and additives are reviewed from the viewpoint of molecular engineering. The design and performance of organosilicon compounds with carbonate group, carbamate group, nitrile group, ionic liquids group and fluoro substitute as high-voltage and high-safety solvent are described in detail. The versatile organosilicon compounds evaluated as high voltage additive, high safety additive, high/low temperature additive, suppression self discharge additive and acid/water scavenger additive are introduced based on their functional group and reaction mechanism. Research trend and prospects of organosilicon electrolyte are presented finally.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Progress of organosilicon electrolyte solvent

2.1 Organosilicon functionalized carbonate/carbamate

2.2 Organosilicon functionalized nitrile

2.3 Organosilicon functionalized ionic liquid

2.4 Fluorosilane electrolytes

3 Progress of organosilicon electrolyte additive

3.1 Organosilicon based high-voltage additive

3.2 Organosilicon based high-safety additive

3.3 Organosilicon based high/low temperature additive

3.4 Organosilicon based self-discharge suppression additive

3.5 Organosilicon based acid/water scavenger

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, electrolytes, organosilicon, functional additive
()
图1 有机硅功能化碳酸酯和有机硅功能化氨基甲酸酯结构示意
Fig. 1 Chemical structures of orgaosilicon functionalized carbonate/carbamate
图2 4.4 V LCO/石墨全电池在0.4 M LiODFB+0.6 M LiPF6/TMGC(Si-C12)电解液中的循环性能[20]
Fig. 2 Cycling performance of 4.4 V graphite/LiCoO2 cell with 0.4 M LiODFB+0.6 M LiPF6 in TMGC[20]
图3 有机硅腈结构示意图
Fig. 3 Chemical structures of nitrile functionalized organosilicon electrolyte
图4 4.4 V LCO/石墨全电池在(0.4 M LiODFB+0.6 M LiPF6)/SN1电解液中的循环性能[26]
Fig. 4 Cycling performance of 4.4 V LiCoO2/(0.4 M LiODFB+0.6 M LiPF6) in SN1/graphite full cell[26]
图5 有机硅离子液体结构示意图
Fig. 5 Chemical structures of organosilicon functionalized ionic liquids
图6 LFP/锂电池在0.6 M LiTFSI/Si-IL4中的性能表现[34]
Fig. 6 The electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/Li in the electrolyte of 0.6 M LiTFSI/Si-IL4[34]
图7 有机氟硅结构示意图
Fig. 7 Chemical structures of fluorosilane electrolytes
图8 4.4 V LCO/石墨电池在1 M LiPF6的EC/DFSM2 /EMC电解液中的性能表现[36]
Fig. 8 The performance of 4.4 V graphite/LiCoO2 in the electrolyte of 1 M LiPF6 EC/DFSM2 /EMC[36]
图9 有机硅高电压添加剂分子结构示意图
Fig. 9 Chemical structures of organosilicon based additive for high-voltage application
表1 TMSB、TMSP和TMSPi用作电解液高压添加剂
Table 1 TMSB、TMSP and TMSPi as high voltage electrolyte additive for lithium ion batteries
Electrochemical system Electrolyte Voltage/V Discharge retention/% ref
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/graphite 1 M LiPF6-EC∶EMC (1∶2, by wt.) + 0.5 wt% TMSB 3.0~4.4 V 92.3 (1 C, 150 cycles) 42
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li 1 M LiPF6-EC∶DMC (1∶2, by vol.) + 1.0 wt% TMSB 3.0~4.5 V 95.3 (0.5 C, 200 cycles) 43
Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2/Li 1.0 M LiPF6-EC∶EMC∶DMC (3∶5∶2, by wt.) + 0.5 wt% TMSB 2.0~4.8 V 74 (0.5 C, 200 cycles) 44
Li/LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2/Li 1.0 M LiPF6-EC∶DMC (1∶1, by wt.) + 1 wt% TMSB 3.0~4.7 V 72 (1 C, 150 cycles) 45
LiCoPO4/Li 1.0 M LiPF6-EC∶DMC (1∶1, by vol.) + 1 wt% TMSB 3.0~5.0 V 76 (0.1 C, 50 cycles) 46
Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2/Li 1 M LiPF6-EC∶EMC (1∶1, by vol.) + 1 wt% TMSP 2.0~4.8 V 91.1 (0.1 C, 50 cycles) 47
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li 1 M LiPF6-EC∶DMC (1∶2, by vol.) + 1.0 wt% TMSP 3.0~4.9 V 95.4 (0.5 C, 200 cycles) 48
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/Li 1 M LiPF6-EC∶EMC (3∶7, by wt.) + 1 wt% TMSP 3.0~4.5 V 90.9(1 C, 100 cycles) 49
LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/Li 1 M LiPF6-EC∶DEC (1∶2, by vol.) + 0.5wt% TMSPi 3.0~4.5 V 91.2 (0.5 C, 100 cycles) 50
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/graphite 1.0 M LiPF6-EC∶EMC∶DMC (3∶4∶3, by wt.) + 5 wt% FEC + 1 wt. % VC + 0.5 wt% TMSPi 3.5~5.0 V 81 (3 C, 100 cycles) 51
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/graphite 1 M LiPF6-EC∶DEC (3∶7, by wt.) + 0.5 wt% TMSPi 2.8~4.6 V ~58 (0.5 C, 200 cycles) 52
LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/graphite 1.2 M LiPF6-EC∶EMC (3∶7 w/w) + 1 wt% TMSPi 3.0~4.4 V 88.8 (0.1 C, 119 cycles) 53
图10 有机硅安全添加剂分子结构示意图
Fig. 10 Chemical structure of organosilicon compounds for high-safety additive
图11 两种不同添加剂成膜机理示意图[67]
Fig. 11 Two fundamentally different mechanisms for SEI-forming additives[67]
图12 有机硅抗凝固添加剂分子结构示意图
Fig. 12 Chemical structure of organosilicon compounds for low temperature additive
图13 有机硅吸酸吸水添加剂分子结构示意图
Fig. 13 Chemical structure of organosilicon compounds for acid and water scavenger additive
图14 含1000 ppm水和含不同DODSi添加量的电解液对NCM622/锂半电池循环性能影响[77]
Fig. 14 Cycling performance of the cells that cycled with 1000 ppm water controlled electrolyte[77]
图15 乙氧基功能化聚硅氧烷包覆NCM622示意图[79]
Fig. 15 Schematic illustration of the fabrication of ethoxy-functional polysiloxane wrapped LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (E-NCM) microsphere[79]
图16 1-TMSI添加剂抑制MCMB电极表面不规则且离子绝缘SEI膜生成[80]
Fig. 16 Scheme showing the formation of irregular and ionically insulating SEI on the MCMB electrode induced by trace water in bare electrolyte and effective suppression of these phenomena by 1-TMSI additive[80]
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摘要

锂离子电池有机硅功能电解液