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化学进展 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (11): 1624-1633 DOI: 10.7536/PC180314 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

电解质在超级电容器中的应用

易锦馨1,2, 霍志鹏1*, Abdullah M. Asiri3, Khalid A. Alamry3, 李家星1,3*   

  1. 1. 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所 中国科学院光伏与节能材料重点实验室 合肥 230031;
    2. 中国科学技术大学 合肥 230026;
    3. 阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学 自然科学学院 化学系 吉达 21589
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-12 修回日期:2018-05-08 出版日期:2018-11-15 发布日期:2018-08-17
  • 通讯作者: 霍志鹏,e-mail:zhipenghuo@163.com;李家星,e-mail:lijx@ipp.ac.cn E-mail:zhipenghuo@163.com;lijx@ipp.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家高技术研究发展计划（No.21677146）和安徽省自然科学基金项目（No.1708085MB31）资助
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Development and Application of Electrolytes in Supercapacitors

Jinxin Yi1,2, Zhipeng Huo1*, Abdullah M. Asiri3, Khalid A. Alamry3, Jiaxing Li1,3*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Photovolatic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
    2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Received:2018-03-12 Revised:2018-05-08 Online:2018-11-15 Published:2018-08-17
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 21677146) and the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 1708085MB31).
超级电容器作为一种新型储能装置，因充放电快、功率密度高和循环寿命长的优异性能而引起了广泛的关注。电解质作为影响超级电容器性能的关键因素之一，其离子类型与尺寸、电化学窗口及电导率等性质对器件的工作电压、能量密度及循环寿命有着重要影响。针对近年来的研究现状，本文概述了超级电容器的储能原理、性能评估的关键参数及电解质在超级电容器中的应用研究进展。介绍了电解质的分类，包括水系电解质、有机电解质、离子液电解质和氧化还原电解质在内的液态电解质，及包括固态聚合物电解质、无机固态电解质及凝胶聚合物电解质在内的固态/准固态电解质。评述各类电解质的最新研发进展，讨论了电解质性质对超级电容器性能的影响，并阐明了超级电容器电解质的设计和优化方法。最后，分析了制备高性能电解质所面临的困难，并就其未来的研究方向作出了展望。
关键词： 超级电容器, 电解质, 能量密度, 功率密度, 电化学窗口, 电导率
As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitors have attracted wide attention because of their excellent performance, such as high charge and discharge speed, high power density, and long cycle life. The electrolytes have been considered as one of the most important factors affecting the performance of supercapacitors, whose ionic type and size, ion mobility, ionic conductivity, viscosity, thermal/electrochemical stability and the operating voltage window have the important influence on the working voltage, energy density and cycle life of the device. In view of recent research status of electrolytes, this paper summarizes the charge storage mechanism, key parameters of performance evaluation and the research progress of electrolytes in supercapacitors. The classification of electrolytes is specially presented, including liquid electrolytes which incorporate aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, redox-active electrolytes and solid-state/quasi-solid-state electrolytes which cover inorganic solid-state electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, and gel polymer electrolytes. The latest research and development of various electrolytes are reviewed and discussed, and the influences of electrolyte properties on the performance of supercapacitors are discussed in detail. The methods of design and optimization of electrolytes for supercapacitors are emphasized in this paper. The difficulties of producing high-performance electrolytes are pointed out, and the future research directions are put forward to overcome these difficulties without sacrificing existing advantages.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Electrolytes and their categories
2.1 Liquid electrolytes
2.2 Solid-state/quasi-solid-state electrolytes
3 Conclusion
Key words: supercapacitors, electrolytes, energy density, power density, the operating voltage window, conductivity

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摘要

电解质在超级电容器中的应用