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化学进展 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (7): 1159-1174 DOI: 10.7536/PC200718 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

电纺纤维在超级电容器中的应用

李祥业1, 白天娇1, 翁昕1, 张冰1, 王珍珍1, 何铁石1,2,*()   

  1. 1 渤海大学化学与材料工程学院 锦州 121013
    2 辽宁省超级电容器工程技术中心 锦州 121000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-09 修回日期:2020-09-24 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2020-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 何铁石
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2020YFF0413818); 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(0518XN011); 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(0519BS014); 国家自然科学基金项目(21671025); 国家自然科学基金项目(21471021); 辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划(202010167019); 辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划(S202010167045); 辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划(S202010167046)
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Application of Electrospun Fibers in Supercapacitors

Xiangye Li1, Tianjiao Bai1, Xin Weng1, Bing Zhang1, Zhenzhen Wang1, Tieshi He1,2,*()   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
    2 Liaoning Engineering Technology Center of Supercapacitor, Jinzhou 121000, China
  • Received:2020-07-09 Revised:2020-09-24 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2020-11-09
  • Contact: Tieshi He
  • About author:
    * Corresponding author e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFF0413818); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China(0518XN011); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China(0519BS014); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21671025); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21471021); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Liaoning Province, China(202010167019); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Liaoning Province, China(S202010167045); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Liaoning Province, China(S202010167046)

对高性能超级电容器不断增长的需求促进了电极隔膜和电极材料的快速发展。静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有较高的孔隙率、较好电化学活性、较大的表面积以及良好的结构稳定性等优点,已被广泛应用于超级电容器的隔膜和电极材料。本文简要综述了近年来电纺纳米纤维在超级电容器用隔膜和电极材料的研究进展;着重讨论了通过静电纺丝和其他后处理方法制备的碳基纳米纤维、碳基复合纳米纤维、导电聚合物基复合纳米纤维和金属氧化物纳米纤维等用于超级电容器的电极材料。研究表明,多孔结构的构建、活化处理以及杂原子掺杂可以提高碳纳米纤维的比表面积、电化学活性、润湿性和石墨化程度,从而增强其电化学性能。此外,通过共混、化学沉积和电化学沉积等方法,将碳纳米纤维与金属氧化物、导电聚合物结合,可以改善其电容、倍率性能和循环稳定性。最后,提出上述研究中存在的问题,并对未来静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在超级电容器的发展前景进行了展望。

关键词： 静电纺丝, 超级电容器, 纳米纤维, 隔膜, 电极

The increasing demand for high-performance supercapacitor has promoted the rapid development of separators and electrode materials. Recently, electrospun nanofibers have been widely used as separators and electrode materials of supercapacitor, which is due to the high porosity, high electrochemical activity, large specific surface area and good structural stability. In this survey, the recent research progress in separator membranes and electrode materials of supercapacitor is reviewed. The discussion focuses on obtaining electrode materials for supercapacitor by electrospinning and other post-processing methods, including carbon nanofibers, carbon-based composite nanofibers, conductive polymer-based composite and metal oxide nanofibers. These investigation demonstrate that pore structure construction, activation treatment, and heteroatom doping can improve the specific surface area, electrochemical activity, wettability, and graphitization degree of carbon nanofibers, furthermore the electrochemical properties of electrode materials are enhanced. Moreover, combining carbon nanofibers with metal oxides, conductive polymers via blending, chemical deposition, electrochemical deposition, etc., can also improve capacitance, rate performance, and cycling stabilities of electrode materials. In addition, the existing problems of the regarding studies are pointed out. Finally, the future developments of electrospun nanofiber materials in supercapacitor is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Separators

3 Electrode materials

3.1 Electrode materials of electric double layer capacitors

3.2 Electrode materials of pseudocapacitors

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: electrospinning, supercapacitor, nanofiber, separator, electrode
()
图1 NFs和CNFs的扫描电镜图,对应的CNFs截面和电纺纳米纤维直径分布图[56]
Fig. 1 SEM images of electrospun NFs and CNFs, corresponding cross-section of CNFs and the diameter distribution of the electrospun nanofibers[56]
图2 (a)CNFs合成示意图,(b)CNFs透射电镜图,(c)CNFs在不同电流密度时的比电容,(d)电流密度为1 A/g时的比电容[63]
Fig. 2 (a)Schematic illustration of the synthesis process for CNFs, (b)SEM images of CNFs, (c)specific capacitance of CNFs at different current densities, (d)specific capacitances at 1 A/g current density[63]
图3 (a)不同扫描速率的CV曲线,(b)不同密度下的充放电曲线,(c)阻抗图,(d)在电流密度6 A/g时充放电10 000次的循环稳定性[80]
Fig. 3 (a) CV curves at different scan rates; (b) charge-discharge curves at different current densities; (c) Nyquist plot; (d) cycling stability at a current density of 6 A/g over 10 000 cycles[80]
图4 (a) N-S共掺杂活性CNFs超级电容器制备工艺示意图, (b)含有0.30 wt%石墨烯的CNFs扫描电镜图像,(c)氮气的吸附-脱附等温线,(d)对称超级电容器件的循环稳定性[99]
Fig. 4 (a) Schematic illustration of the production processes for supercapacitor based on the N-S co-doped activated lignin-based carbon nanofibers, (b) SEM images of CNFs prepared with 0.30 wt% GNs, (c) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, (d) cycling stability of the symmetric supercapacitor devices[99]
图5 (a) Co3O4/PAN复合材料的SEM和TEM图像,(b)不同电流密度下的比电容,(c) Co3O4/CNF(4∶3)在电流密度为2 A/g时充放电后的循环性能[140]
Fig. 5 (a) Schematic illustration, SEM and TEM images of Co3O4/CNF nanocomposite, (b) Specific capacitance at current density for different electrode materials, (c) cyclic performance of Co3O4/CNFs (4∶3) at 2 A/g Charge/discharge profiles[140]
图6 (a)1000次充放电后的循环性能;(b)不同电流密度下的比电容
Fig. 6 (a) cyclic performance of PANI-CNT before and after cycling for 1000 cycles; (b) Specific capacitance at current density for different electrode materials.
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摘要

电纺纤维在超级电容器中的应用