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Progress in Chemistry 2005, No.04 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Review
High Throughput Microanalysis
Chen Yi**
2005, 17 (04): 573-580 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Development of high throughput microanalysis (HTMA) is proposed, which is a key issue in analytical chemistry and is essential to break through the bottle-neck emerged in life science since the outburst of post-genomic projects. Some theoretical possibilities are inspected, with also a brief discussion on the developing HTMA including channel and dot array technologies. Surface plasma resonance imaging is specially introduced as a promising, label-free and multifunctional HTMA method.
Applications of Quantum Control Theory in Chemistry
Dong Daoyi*,Chen Zonghai
2005, 17 (04): 581-587 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Controlling quantum phenomena is an important goal in chemistry, and quantum control theory is helpful to realize the goal. The applications of quantum control theory in chemistry and their progress have been reviewed in this paper. The applications of quantum coherent control, quantum optimal control, closed-loop learning control and the concept of controllability to chemistry research have mainly been analyzed, the current research state has been introduced and the trend of research has also been proposed.
Interatomic Potential Function in Cluster Research
Cai Wensheng,Lin Yi,Shao Xueguang**
2005, 17 (04): 588-596 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Interatomic potential functions are crucial in cluster research. The potential functions applied in simulating the interactions of atoms in clusters are classified into three types, and the development of each type is reviewed. The applications combined with optimization methods and molecular dynamics in studying the structures and properties of the clusters, and the trends in the potential functions are discussed.
Studies of Alloy Based Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Ren Jianguo1**,Wang Ke1,He Xiangming1,Jiang Changyin1,Wan Chunrong1,Pu Weihua2
2005, 17 (04): 597-603 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Recent progress on studies of alloy based anode materials for lithium ion batteries is reviewed. Different synthesis methods of alloy materials are compared. The major problems of alloy based anode materials and the current solutions are presented. Nanometer lithium alloy composites as the most promising alloy based materials are Finally highlighted.
Progress in Polyanion-Type Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Shi Zhicong,Yang Yong**
2005, 17 (04): 604-613 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Recent progress on the polyanion-type cathode materials for lithium ion batteries is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the discussion of the relationships between structures and properties of the cathode materials, especially on the role of the polyanion and how to improve their low electronic conductivity.
Preparation and Application of Amorphous Alloy Catalyst
Xiong Zhongqiang,Mi Zhentao,Zhang Xiangwen*
2005, 17 (04): 614-621 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The development and applications of amorphous alloy catalyst are summarized. The most widely used techniques for the preparation of amorphous alloy catalyst are classified into rapid quenching method, chemical reduction method and impregnation-chemical reduction method. The reaction activity of the catalyst can be adjusted by changing the preparing condition, which including the calcination temperature, the metal load and the carrier. The amorphous structure, surface morphology and activity center can be determined and characterized by XRD, EXAFS, DSC, SEM, TEM and XPS. A detailed discussion of amorphous alloy catalyst in hydrogenation of unsaturated compound is presented.
Progress in Electrically Assisted Photocatalysis
Jiang Zhanpeng*,Wang Haiyan,Yang Hongwei
2005, 17 (04): 622-630 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Electrochemically assisted photocatalysis(EAP) is a kind of photoelectrochemical combined technologies which could improve the efficiency of photocatalysis through an extra electric field. The progress of recent studies on the principle of EAP, the reactor styles, the affecting factors, the energy efficiency and its application direction is summarized. Some opinions on further studies of EAP are also presented.
Progress in Research of Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Yang Yahui**,Chen Qiyuan,Yin Zhoulan,Li Jie
2005, 17 (04): 631-642 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The mechanism and progress in research of photocatalytic water splitting are reviewed. The development of new types of photocatalysts with higher activity and responding to visible light are discussed. The potential applications in energy and environment and the ideas for further research are presented.
Study on the Hydrogen Production by Thermochemical Water Splitting
Zhang Ping**,Yu Bo,Chen Jing,Xu Jingming
2005, 17 (04): 643-650 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Thermochemical water splitting is a promising method to produce massive hydrogen using nuclear reactor or solar energy without CO2 releasing. Thermochemical processes developed and the criteria of evaluation are discussed and reviewed. The emphasis is on the most promising processes, including iodine-sulfur (IS) process, UT-3 process and Westinghouse process.
Review of Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Isobutene
Li Li,Yan Zifeng**
2005, 17 (04): 651-659 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Recent progress of the catalysts, reaction routes and mechanism of isobutane dehydrogenation is reviewed. The key for isobutane dehydrogenation is to synthesize non-noble mental catalysts. Furthermore, the influence of supports and additives on isobutane dehydrogenation is summed up in detail, especially acid-base supports and additives and pore structure of supports, which indicates that weak acidic sites are apt to isobutane dehydrogenation. Smaller pore structure of catalysts can improve selectivity of isobulane. Besides, the study of coke over catalysts reveals that weak acidic sites of supports, dispersion of active sites and basic sites of additives favors improved action of coke.
Studies on the Chemical Principle and Capacity of Carbon Nanotubes as Energy Storage Materials
Zhou Li1**,Sun Yan1,Su Wei1,Zhou Yaping2
2005, 17 (04): 660-665 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The chemical principle of hydrogen uptake by carbon nanotubes was proven to be the physisorption of supercritical gases. This conclusion was reached based on the value of the adsorption heat evaluated from a set of adsorption isotherms for a wide range of temperature and pressure as well as the fitness of the model for supercritical adsorption with the experimental isotherms. The specific surface area of the nanotubes and the temperature of storage control the capacity. The adsorption of methane on dry carbon nanotubes behaves the same way as the adsorption of hydrogen . However, the storage of methane in wet carbon nanotubes is based on the formation of methane hydrate and the size of pore volume controls the storage capacity. The storage capacity in wet multiwalled carbon nanotubes is 5.1 times higher than in dry nanotubes, and the single wall carbon nanotubes might be the best carrier of methane.
The Catalytic Application and Synthesis Strategies of Nano-Size Zeolites
Liu Yunqi**,Liu Chunying,Liu Chenguang
2005, 17 (04): 666-671 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Novel catalytic performance and selectivity from nano-size zeolites with high exterior surface area and shorter pore pathway have aroused great interest in catalysis field. The progress in control-synthesis strategy and catalysis application of nano-size zeolite or zeolite nanocrystal suspension, especially in self-assemble and nano-composite materials is summarized . The research opportunity based on the industry catalysis and catalytic application prospect in the future are analysed.
Structure and Ionic Conductivities of Oxides with a Pyrochlore-Type Structure
Xie Yahong1,Liu Ruiquan1,Wang Jide1*,Li Zhijie1,Lu Yi2
2005, 17 (04): 672-677 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Advances in the study of structure and ionic conductivities of complex oxides with a pyrochlore-lype structure are reviewed. The properties of structure and conductivities are introduced systematically, and the conduction mechanism is analyzed in detail. In addition, their main applications and future prospects are discussed.
Research of Metalloporphyrins as Mimic Enzyme Catalysts
Wang Lanzhi1,She Yuanbin1*,Xu Weiwei1,Zhang Yanhui2
2005, 17 (04): 678-685 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The applications and mechanism of rnetallopoiphyrins in catalytic oxidation are discussed. Quantum calculation method used in molecular design, uncovering relation between structure and catalytic activity of metalloporphyrins is reviewed. Recent works of authors' research group are also introduced. The future application of metalloporphyrins in catalysis is prospected.
Application of Zeolite Molecular Sieves in Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reactions
Yuan Bing,Qiao Weihong,Li Zongshi*,Wang Guiru,Cheng Lvbai
2005, 17 (04): 686-691 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The progress of Friedel-Crafts acylation catalyzed by zeolite molecular sieves is reviewed. The achievement of acylation of various types of aromatic substrates is summarized. H/3 zeolite is an excellent catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds. It is quite significant to study the acylation of inert or light activated aromatic compounds catalyzed by zeolite molecular sieves.
DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis
Xiao Yumei,Fu Bin,Li Nan,Qin Zhaohai*
2005, 17 (04): 692-699 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
DNA template directs organic synthesis by sequence-specificity recruiting reactants linked to complementary DNA. The numerous types of DNA-templated organic synthesis, including reductive animation, nucleophilic substitution, Henry, Wittig olefination, photochemical ligation and multistep small-molecule synthesis, etc, are reviewed. DNA-templated combinational library is also discussed. The effects of DNA architectures on reactions and stereoseletivity in the reactions are summarized .
Advances of Polymerization in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Zhao Dacheng,Xu Haitao,Xu Peng,Liu Fengqi,Gao Ge*
2005, 17 (04): 700-705 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The recent advances of polymerization in room temperature ionic liquid are reviewed, specially in the fields of coordination, free radicals, ion polymerization and copolymerization. In addition, the applications of ionic liquid in polymer materials are also introduced.
Preparation of Polycarbonate Directly from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides
Xiao Linfei,Li Fuwei,Xia Chungu**
2005, 17 (04): 706-715 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The latest progress in the research of polycarbonate synthesis directly from carbon dioxide and epoxides is reviewed. The catalytic reaction mechanism is discussed in detail. Polycarbonate synthesized from carbon dioxide and epoxides has much significance in polymer synthetic chemistry, utilization of carbon resources and environment protection. It provides potential applications for polycarbonate produce.
Progress in Synthesis of Aromatic Cyclic Oligomers
Wang Honghua,Guo Qingzhong,Chen Tianlu**
2005, 17 (04): 716-721 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Synthesis of aromatic macrocyclic oligomers is developed to meet the needs of the advanced composites used in modern astronavigation, aviation, electronics and mechanics. The unique features determine their promising potential application in a wide range of fields, and the relative research is developed rapidly and deeply in a short time. Synthetic methods and their research progress of aromatic cyclic oligomers, including one-step polymerization, multi-step polymerization and cyclo-depolymerization are reviewed in this article.
Advances of Dendrimers in Photochemistry
Chen Jinping1,You Changjiang1,Liu Baining1,Li Yi1**,Yang Guoqiang2
2005, 17 (04): 722-731 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Dendriraers have drawn lots of attention because of their highly branched structures capable of being used in photochemistry. In recent 20 years, it has made great progress in the studies of dendrimers in the field of photochemistry. The advances of dendrimers for the application in photochemistry is introduced.
Chemical Processes on the Formation of Secondary Organic A erosols
Wang Zhenya**,Hao Liqing,Zhang Weijun
2005, 17 (04): 732-739 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Photooxidation process of volatile organic compounds and gas/particle partitioning process of their pholooxidation products are veiy important on formation of secondaiy organic aerosols. Chemical mechanism on formation of secondaiy organic aerosols involves in photooxidation process of volatile organic compounds and subsequent chemical reaction, which directly lead to increase of ozone concentration and to formation of secondaiy organic aerosol in troposphere. The emphases in this paper are focused on the important chemical processes and quantum chemical calculation on the formation of secondary organic aerosols.
Hydroxylated Metabolites of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Their Endocrine Disrupting Mechanism
Yang Fangxing1,2,Xu Ying1**
2005, 17 (04): 740-748 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls ( OH-PCBs ), a group of main active metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) which are typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been identified in wild animals and human. The endocrine disruption of OH-PCBs has been drawn great attention due to the similarity of their chemical structures to the natural estrogens and thyroid hormones. The metabolic pathways of PCBs, the levels of OH-PCBs in organism,the endocrine disruption and other adverse effects of OH-PCBs are reviewed. The further investigation of OH-PCBs will not only reveal the toxicological mechanism of PCBs,but also can lay scientific basis for setting up the risk assessment of POPs contamination and early-warning system in China.
Biominerals and Their Mineralization Process
Ouyang Jianming**
2005, 17 (04): 749-756 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
The controlled nucleation, growth and aggregation of biominerals in organism under the mediation of organic matrices lead to specific morphology, orientation and assemblies of the biominerals, and consequently give them special functions. The mechanisms involved in biomineralization are reviewed in this paper from the points of lattice matching between organic matrices and biominerals, stereochemistry complementarity and spatial localization, electrostatic effect and charge matching, and intermolecular weak interactions. Moreover, the distribution and characteristics of biominerals, organic matrices in biominerals, the processes and types of biomineralization are discussed.
Research Progress of Selenoprotein in Genome
Zhao Guangshan,Huang Kaixun*
2005, 17 (04): 757-760 |
Published: 24 July 2005
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Abstract
We have entered the post-genome era. The emphases of genome research will be transfered to explaining all of the inheritant information, researching the biological function and exploring the pround mystery of human health and disease on the whole molecule level from mensurating the DNA sequence. The selenoprotein gene is very important in all the genomes, and searching the new selenoprotein gene from genome is significant for exploring the biological function of selenoprotein. The structural character of the selenocysteine insertion sequences (SECIS), the bioinformatics methods of searching selenoprotein from genome and their research progress are introduced.