Progress in Chemistry

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Phase Separation Kinetics and Pattern Formation and Selection in Polymer Systems

Yuliang Yang^**,Feng Qiu,Ping Tang,Hongdong Zhang

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 362-381.

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Yuliang Yang^**,Feng Qiu,Ping Tang,Hongdong Zhang. Phase Separation Kinetics and Pattern Formation and Selection in Polymer Systems[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 362-381.

Most of polymer blends are thermodynamic immiscible because of small entropy of mixing, forming unique spatial-temporal pattern. In this review, based on our recent work, we focus on the phase separation kinetics and corresponding pattern evolution of polymer system by using time dependent Ginzberg-Landau (TDGL) equation. The review contents cover the phase separation dynamics under shear for polymer blends and block copolymers, phase separation coupling with chemical reactions, and phase separation on the spherical surface. Also microphase separation dynamics of complex triblock copolymers is reviewed by means of the coupling between the TDGL and self-consistent field theory (SCFT), namely dynamic SCFT, which consider both the dynamics and the topological characteristic of the chain.
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Progress on Heteropoly Compounds and Their Support Catalysts

Guangdong Zhou ^1,2,Kaiji Zhen¹,Haishui Wang^2**,Tiexin Cheng^1**

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 382-388.

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Guangdong Zhou ^1,2,Kaiji Zhen¹,Haishui Wang^2**,Tiexin Cheng^1**. Progress on Heteropoly Compounds and Their Support Catalysts[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 382-388.

In this paper, the advances of heteropoly compounds and their support catalysts are reviewed and the different supports are introduced in detail. The factors affecting catalytic properties of supported heteropoly compounds and the interaction between the heteropoly compounds and the supports are also discussed.
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Progress of White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Yunhua Xu,Junbiao Peng,Yong Cao^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 389-398.

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Yunhua Xu,Junbiao Peng,Yong Cao^**. Progress of White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 389-398.

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in large-area flat panel displays and solid-state lighting. In this paper, recent progress of WOLEDs is reviewed. Potential applications and scientific problems of WOLEDs are discussed.
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Progress in Catalytic Epoxidation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide

Yangying Chen ^1,2*,Xiuwen Han²

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 399-409.

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Yangying Chen ^1,2*,Xiuwen Han². Progress in Catalytic Epoxidation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 399-409.

Environmentally benign catalytic epoxidation of olefins is one of the important aspects in catalytic oxidation field. Hydrogen peroxide as one of the ideal oxidant is used in many catalytic systems. In this paper, the recent progress in catalytic epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide, from the aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, is summarized, and some systems with prospect in industrial application are described in detail.
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Progress in Datum Treatment Methods of Thermal Analysis Kinetics

Ning Ren,Jianjun Zhang^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 410-416.

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Ning Ren,Jianjun Zhang^**. Progress in Datum Treatment Methods of Thermal Analysis Kinetics[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 410-416.

Recent progress in datum treatment methods of thermal analysis to study the kinetics of solid state reactions, the strong points and limitations of different methods are reviewed. Several new methods of kinetic analysis and a new thermal analysis technique are introduced.
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Advances in Catalytic Hydrodenitrogenation

Dapeng Liu,Yongdan Li^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 417-428.

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Dapeng Liu,Yongdan Li^**. Advances in Catalytic Hydrodenitrogenation[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 417-428.

Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of fossil fuel is demanded for improving the quality and stability of fuel products, as well as reducing emission of NOx during combustion. The contents and types of organic nitrogen compounds found in fossil fuel are introduced. Various catalysts and their catalytic active sites for HDN are summarized. The mechanism of C—N cleavage and reaction networks of dominant organonitrogen compounds in fuel fractions are discussed. Improvement and modification of traditional metal sulphide catalysts, and the current situation of new catalysts such as metal carbides, metal nitrides and metal phosphides are emphasized.
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Synthesis and Application of Glycosyl Isothiocyanates

Zhaosheng Qian^1_,Chuanjian Zhou^2_,Linghua Cao^1**

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 429-439.

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Zhaosheng Qian^1_,Chuanjian Zhou^2_,Linghua Cao^1**. Synthesis and Application of Glycosyl Isothiocyanates[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 429-439.

As a kind of important intermediates, glycosyl isothiocyanates have been applied in the preparation of new compounds possessing considerable bioactivities. In this paper, the structures and the synthesis methods of glycosyl isothiocyanates are summarized, including the application as intermediates in the preparation of glycosylthioureas, glycosylheterocycles, glycosylguanidins and glycosylconjugates and so on. The prospects and research direction are given based on the analysis of this research field.
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Enzymatic Biosensors for Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides

Lihong Wang ^*,Lin Zhang,Huanlin Chen^*

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 440-452.

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Lihong Wang ^*,Lin Zhang,Huanlin Chen^*. Enzymatic Biosensors for Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 440-452.

Enzymatic biosensor(EBS) is the most promising substitute for traditional analytical methods on determination of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs). The merits of simple, inexpensive and miniature make it potential for environmental monitoring. Enzymatic determination of OPs is often based on cholinesterase (acetylcholineaterase and butyrylcholinesterase) and organophosphorus hydrolase. Various methods have been applied for enzyme immobilization in the construction of EBS for determination of OPs. Since the chemical and physical properties of the polymers may be tailored for particular needs, they gained importance as the substrate for enzyme immobilization. Application of single-use screen-printed enzymatic electrodes are most intensively developed procedures.
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The Synthesis of Novel Hybrid Polymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Guanhai Wang,Liming Zhang^**_,Fuan He,Xudong Chen,Fangming Zhu,Qing Wu

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 453-458.

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Guanhai Wang,Liming Zhang^**_,Fuan He,Xudong Chen,Fangming Zhu,Qing Wu. The Synthesis of Novel Hybrid Polymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 453-458.

Novel hybrid polymers based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) are a new kind of organic-inorganic hybrid materials with unique properties and wide potential applications. In this paper, the advances in the preparation of POSS-containing hybrid polymers are briefly reviewed, involving free radical solution polymerization, controlled/living polymerization, open-ring metathesis polymerization, condensation polymerization and coordination polymerization.
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Recent Advances of All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte for Li-Ion Batteries

Zhijun Ling,Xiangming He^*_,Jianjun Li,Changyin Jiang,Chunrong Wan

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 459-466.

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Zhijun Ling,Xiangming He^*_,Jianjun Li,Changyin Jiang,Chunrong Wan. Recent Advances of All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte for Li-Ion Batteries[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 459-466.

Recent advances of all-solid-state polymer electrolyte systems that can be probably used in lithium ion batteries are reviewed, focusing on their electrochemical performances, especially the ionic conductivity at room temperature.
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Progress in Analytical Chemistry of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

Ping Li ^1,2,4 ,_,Jianlin Zhang^3 ,_,Aiqin Wang^1*

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 467-473.

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Ping Li ^1,2,4 ,_,Jianlin Zhang^3 ,_,Aiqin Wang^1*. Progress in Analytical Chemistry of Chitosan and Its Derivatives[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 467-473.

The research progress of chitosan and its derivatives in separation and enrichment,chromatogram immobility,electrochemical analysis and biosensors is reviewed, and future applications are prospected.
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Quantitative Analytical Techniques of Proteins Based on Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Xiaohui Long^1_,Zhihong Mo^2_,Yaozhou Zhang^3**

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 474-481.

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Xiaohui Long^1_,Zhihong Mo^2_,Yaozhou Zhang^3**. Quantitative Analytical Techniques of Proteins Based on Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 474-481.

Quantitative analytical techniques of proteins based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis，depending on the comparing of altered levels of proteins between different samples to obtain quantitative changes, are informative for comprehesive understanding functions and biological mechanism of proteins in cells.Conventional methods in which protein samples are separated on individual gels are introduced, and shortcomings of these methods that limit their application in general 2DE analysis are discussed. More approachs including differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE), “differential exposure" approach, and stable isotope approach are stated. The latter methods permitting separation on a single gel containing mixed samples, have superior power in quantitative analysis compared to conventional methods. Various quantitative protocols, advantages and limitations of these protocols as well as further development of quantitative techniques based on 2DE are discussed.
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Cloud Point Extraction and Its Applications to the Separation and Analysis of Organic Components

Jinchao Shen^1_,Xueguang Shao ^1,2*

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 482-487.

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Jinchao Shen^1_,Xueguang Shao ^1,2*. Cloud Point Extraction and Its Applications to the Separation and Analysis of Organic Components[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 482-487.

Cloud point extraction (CPE) is an extraction and preconcentration technique based on phase separation in aqueous surfactant solution, which is a favorable alternative to traditional organic solvent extraction. It has been developed successfully as a preprocess step for the concentration of metal ions, biomolecules and organic compounds with different polarity prior to HPLC, CE and FI etc. In this paper the principle of CPE and procedure are briefly introduced. The applications of CPE to the separation and analysis of organic compounds are summarized. The problems and solutions when CPE combined with different instruments are summarized in detail.
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Progress on Computer Assisted Electrophoresis Microchip Design

Yi Xu^1**_,Junjiang lv^1_,Feng Ren^1_,Rong Chen^1_,Jiali Lu¹, Zhiyu Wen²

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 488-493.

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Yi Xu^1**_,Junjiang lv^1_,Feng Ren^1_,Rong Chen^1_,Jiali Lu¹, Zhiyu Wen². Progress on Computer Assisted Electrophoresis Microchip Design[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 488-493.

With simple introduction of the history of micro fluidic chip, the mathematically modeling and solving for electrophoresis processes on microchip, including governing equations of electrical field, flow field, concentration distribution and mass transport are reviewed. Furthermore, the progress on computer assisted design of channel networks on electrophoresis microchip, concerning sampling and separation channel, is discussed.
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The Conception, Structure and Techniques on the ArtificialIntelligent Taste System

Ganhui Huang ^1,2 ,_,Shaoping Deng^2**

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 494-500.

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Ganhui Huang ^1,2 ,_,Shaoping Deng^2**. The Conception, Structure and Techniques on the ArtificialIntelligent Taste System[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 494-500.

The traditional taste sensor, artificial taste and electronic tongue are taken into consideration as a whole of the artificial intelligent taste system (AITS) and thus the related concepts, structure and techniques of the system are proposed. In the traditional transducer analytics, the non-specific selection is a defect phenomenon which should be avoided as far as possible. However, it serves as the fundament of the cross-sensitive sensors array which is designed and constructed as an optimal sensor compose to enable the realization of the AITS. Consequently, the cross-sensitive theory and techniques are the core concepts of the AITS. As a bionic sense technique, the AITS is composed of three parts, namely the cross-sensitive sensors and their array, self-study specialist database and intelligent recognition. The voltammetric and the potentiometric techniques are two main test methods. The sensitive materials include noble metals, rare earth metals, lipids and lipids polymer, chalcogenide glass materials, conductive polymers and other materials such as graphite paste, phthalocyanin, Prussia blue etc. The PCA and the ANN are the primary pattern recognition tools in intelligent recognition. The sensors modified by conductive polymer and the multi-technique integrated methods are two important research fields in the artificial intelligent taste system.
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Advances in Molecular Sieves and Application Prospects of These Materialsin Fluid Catalytic Cracking Fields

Huihua Pan^** ,_,Mingyuan He, Jiaqing Song

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 501-506.

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Huihua Pan^** ,_,Mingyuan He, Jiaqing Song. Advances in Molecular Sieves and Application Prospects of These Materialsin Fluid Catalytic Cracking Fields[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 501-506.

Recent advances achieved in novel molecular sieves, such as molecular sieves containing extra-large-micropore, mesopore and double four-memebered ring (D4R) are introduced. The pores structure and synthesis methods of these molecular sieves are reviewed. The application prospects of these molecular sieves in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process are discussed.
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Progress of Gas Diffusion Layer for Proton Exchage Membrane Fuel Cells

Xiaoli Wang,Huamin Zhang^**,Jianlu Zhang,Haifeng Xu,Baolian Yi

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 507-513.

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Xiaoli Wang,Huamin Zhang^**,Jianlu Zhang,Haifeng Xu,Baolian Yi. Progress of Gas Diffusion Layer for Proton Exchage Membrane Fuel Cells[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 507-513.

Gas diffusion layer (GDL), a component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), plays an important role in supporting the catalyst layer, conducting electrons, and affecting the diffusion of reactants and water. In this paper, the compositions, present fabrication processes and properties of GDL are reviewed.Characterization techniques and drawbacks of these studies are described. The development trends of GDL are proposed.

Special issues

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How to understands the connotation of Chemical Biology from the view of chemistry discipline

Lin Ma^*

Progress in Chemistry. 2006, 18(04): 514-518.

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Lin Ma^*. How to understands the connotation of Chemical Biology from the view of chemistry discipline[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2006, 18(04): 514-518.

As a newly emerged cross discipline, Chemical biology have aroused the schools or departments of many universities in our country the close interest. In order to meet the development need of this new discipline, many universities establish the related laboratory or research group with the chemical biology discipline, and start to recruit the undergraduate or graduate student (master or doctor) of chemical biology speciality. But the contents of elementary knowledge about the chemical biology are still not very clear, and the chemists, biologists and pharmacists understands the contents of chemical biology from themselves discipline angle, the emphasis points are various. In this article, the contents, establishment of discipline and definition about chemical biology from chemistry discipline angle are discussed.

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