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Progress in Chemistry 2004, No.01 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Review
A New Method in Preparation of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals*
Wu Zhenyu1,2** Fu Limin1 Wang Yongmei3 Wang Yantian3 Miao Yanming1 Li Qianshu2 Zou Bingsuo1
2004, 16 (01): 1- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
The colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are playing more and more important role in the aspect of opti-cal devices, disease diagnosis, laser, etc. The progress in synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals is reviewed.
The Research Progress of Boron Nitride Nanotubes*
Wu Haishun**,Jia Jianfeng
2004, 16 (01): 6- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Recent progress in the research of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes is reviewed with 46 references. The synthesis, structures, mechanisms and applications of BN nanotubes are discussed in detail, and the development ten-dency in this field is also elucidated.
Advances in Hollow Polymeric Nanospheres*
Liu Peng1,2**,Tian Jun2,Liu Weimin2,Xue Qunji2
2004, 16 (01): 15- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
The recent developments of the hollow polymeric nanospheres are reviewed, with the emphasis on the chemical preparation methods. The characterization techniques, measurements of properties, applications and prospects of the hollow polymeric nano-spheres are also discussed.
Advances in the Study of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites*
Shen Guangxia,Zhuang Yanyan,lin Changjian**
2004, 16 (01): 21- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
A review on the fabrication and the properties of two types of carbon nanotube-polymer composites, such as the mechanical properties, nonlinear optical properties and conductibility is given in this paper. The study focus, as well as the defects about the composites have been mentioned. The interaction mechanism of carbon nanotubes-polymers is discussed and the application prospect of two types of composites is envisaged.
Templates and Their Applications in Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Zhang Zuoshan,Zhang Shuyong*,Li Wenrong
2004, 16 (01): 26- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Template synthesis is one of the most important methods for preparation of nanomaterials. The prepara-tion , properties and the applications of some important templates for synthesis of nanomaterials are reviewed with 85 refer-ences . The techniques for fabrication of nanomaterials are summarized. The future development of templates and their possible applications are also discussed.
Applications of Genetic Algorithms to Computer-Aided Drug Design
Hou Tingjun,Xu Xiaojie*
2004, 16 (01): 35- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
As an important heuristic optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA) has been widely applied in computer-aided drug design (CADD). In this paper, the basic concept and mechanism of GA were introduced. More-over, combining the research work in authors' group, the applications of GA in quantitative structure-activity relation-ship, conformational analysis, pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and virtual combinatorial chemistry, were re-viewed.
Mathematical Methods and Softwares in the Field of Chemical Oscillation
Chu Xiaozhong,He Zhanbo**
2004, 16 (01): 42- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
The mathematical methods and computer softwares applied to the field of chemical oscillation are sum-marized in this paper. The main contents discussed are as follows: the advantages and disadvantages of Gear method and Runge-Kutta method in solving oscillation models; three mathematical analysis methods, i.e., stability analysis, sensi-tivity analysis and principal component analysis. Two powerful softwares, Mathematica and Maple are introduced accord-ing to the authors' practice. Additionally, two algorithms, genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo algorithm as well as two softwares MECHEM and Chemical Kinetic Simulator used in modeling mechanisms of chemical oscillations are also dealt with briefly.
Polar Stratospheric Clouds and Its Heterogeneous Chemistry*
Wang Zhenya**,Zhou Shikang,Sheng Liusi
2004, 16 (01): 49- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Abstract The formation of Antarctic ozone hole is mainly related to the polar stratospheric clouds and the processes of heterogeneous chemistry. In Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds, there are sulfuric acid aerosols, some solid and liquid particles related to HNO3/H2SO4/H2O, and ice crystals of water. The heterogeneous chemical reactions will occur on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds particles. On one hand, they make C1ONO2 to react with some molecules to release Cl2 and HOCl, both of which in turn release Cl atoms that destroy ozone. On the other hand, they convert stratospheric nitrogen compounds (N2 O5, NO and NO2) to HN03, which will be removed out from stratosphere in the way of solid par-ticles. The catalytic cycles of CIO dimmer, and co-reaction of ClO-BrO will be enhanced by the release of Cl atoms, and which will promote the formation of Antarctic ozone hole. The emphases of this paper will be placed on introducing effects of polar stratospheric clouds and its heterogeneous chemistry on the ozone depletion process in polar stratosphere, and make a clear understanding of heterogeneous chemistry occurred on surface of polar stratospheric clouds.
Advances of LCST-Hydrogels Applied as a Molecular Switch
Song Jiangli,Wang Xiufen*
2004, 16 (01): 56- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
The development of the research of LCST-hydrogels is reviewed. The various mechanisms about volume transition and effect of factors such as hydrophobic/hydrophilic structures, ionicity of media, pH and so on, which have influence on the properties of hydrogels are briefly discussed. The applications of the hydrogels as a molecular switch are also described, such as drug delivery, substance separation, immobilization of enzymes, electromagnetism respondent de-vices.
Progress in the Research of Zeolite Membrane on Gas Separation*
Cheng Zhilin1,2**,Chao Zisheng1,Wan Huilin1
2004, 16 (01): 61- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Progress of the research of zeolite membrane on gas separation is reviewed. The synthetic methods, the types of zeolite membrane, the separating performance of gases as well as ils catalytic applications are summarized. The permeation measurement and gas separation mechanism are discussed. The further study on zeolite membrane is also pro-posed.
High Sensitive and Selective Gas Sensing Materials --Metallophthalocyanines
Zuo Xia1,2,Wei Yongde1,Wu Yiqun2**
2004, 16 (01): 68- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Metallophthalocyanine is important photoelectronic functional material. Its unique structure has resulted in the application to sensor materials with high sensitivity and selectivity. The synthetic methods, thin film structures, sensing characteristics and the development of metallophthalocyanines are reviewed in this paper. The gas-sensing mecha-nism and influence of central atoms, thin film structure and substituents on gas-sensitivity are illustrated. The recent de-velopment and the trends of metallophthalocyanine gas sensor materials are discussed.
Progress in Proton-Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells*
Fu Xianzhu,Li Jun,Lu Chenghui,Liao Daiwei**
2004, 16 (01): 77- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
The recent research progress of the proton-exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) including the requests and the methods were briefly reviewed in this paper. The details of the Nafion membrane and its modifications, the arylene main chain polymers such as polybenzimidazole (PBI), polyetherketone (PEEK) and poly-ethersulfone (PSU) membranes and their modifications, based on the structures of the membrane materials, were especial-ly described. The research methods and their development foreground of the proton-exchange membranes were also dis-cussed.
Preparation Technology of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membrane*
Li Chuanfeng,Shao Huaiqi,Zhong Shunhe**
2004, 16 (01): 83- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid membranes combining tenacity of organic membrane and heat-resistance of inor-ganic membrane with excellent gas permeance became a hot topic in the fields of macromolecule chemistry and materials science. The recent progress of the preparation technology, as well as the research of polyimide hybrid membranes by sol-gel process is reviewed in this paper. Finally, the brief comments on their development were given.
Syntheses of Phosphine Ligands via Palladium- Catalyzed P-C Coupling Reactions*
Zhang Tianzhu,Xu Lijin,Sun Wenhua**
2004, 16 (01): 90- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed P-C coupling reactions have provided a convenient synthetic methodology for forming various phosphine ligands, which are extremely useful for asymmetric catalyses. This review mainly focuses on syntheses of various phosphine compounds including chiral phosphines via Pd-catalyzed P-C coupling and C-C coupling.
Improve the Quantum Efficiency in O/PLED Using Triplet Exciton*
Zhen Hongyu,Yang Wei**,Zhu Weiguo,Cao Yong
2004, 16 (01): 99- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
The external quantum efficiency in organic and polymer LED is much lower than theoretical limit. One of the important reasons is that triplet excitons which account for 75% of the excitons are not used in radiative recombina-tion. Recently, significant progress has been made in utilization of the electrophosphorescence in organic and polymer light emitting devices. Beginning with the luminescence mechanism of triplet excitons, recent progress in highly efficient light emitting devices using phosphorescent sensitizer is reviewed. Future direction in this research field is also dis-cussed.
High-Throughout Protein Crystallization and Its Application to Drug Design*
Zhao Weiguang,Li Zhengming**,Wang Baolei,Wang Jianguo
2004, 16 (01): 105- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Information of 3D structure of proteins can play a key role in developing small-molecule drugs that inter-act with targets. High-throughout protein X-ray crystallography offers an unprecedented opportunity to facilitate structure determination and drug discovery. The recent advances in high-throughout protein crystallization and the application to drug design are discussed in this review.
The Progress in the Research of Photoactivated Insecticides*
Li Yue**,Chen Zhilong
2004, 16 (01): 110- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Photoactivated insecticides have many advantages compared with traditional pesticides, such as cheap-ness, high activity and low toxicity. They have great potential in promoting the development of agriculture. The progress in the research of photoactivated insecticides is reviewed in this paper with 31 references, including their mechanisms, main classes and resistance.
Studies of Structure and Function of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Dioxygenases*
Zhang Jian,Xia Chungu**
2004, 16 (01): 116- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbon dioxygenases, a type of enzymes from bacteria, play key roles in the metabolism of various aromatic compounds. They can activate dioxygen and catalyze the oxidative cleavage of the aromatic hydrocarbons by adding both atoms of O_2 to vicinal carbons of the aromatic rings. These dioxygenases not only have important biological function but also have potential applications in industry. In this paper, a series of dioxygenases that can catalyze the oxi-dation of aromatic hydrocarbons are introduced. The focuses are especially on their structures and functions. The perspec-tive in this research field is also discussed.
Advance in Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans
Xia Chuanhai,Xu Jie,Wu Wenzhong,Liang Xinmiao*
2004, 16 (01): 123- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (dioxins) is a kind of important persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and carcinogen. Dechlorination is an efficient means to eliminate the toxicity of dioxins. A review with 72 references concerning degradation methods was given in this paper. These degradation methods include photodegradation, thermal dechlorination, biodegradation, chemical dechlorination and heterogeneously catalytic hydrodechlorination. The heterogeneously catalytic hydrodechlorination might be developed to an efficient technology to eliminate the toxicity of dioxins.
Distribution, Speciation, Toxicity and Bioavailability of Antimony in the Environment*
He Mengchang**,Wan Hongyan
2004, 16 (01): 131- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract
Antimony and its compounds are widely used in various manufacturing and semiconducting industries. It presents in the environment as a result of natural process and human activities. The contamination of antimony in the environment is increasingly severe, in recent years, interest in the relative research has grown in abroad. Antimony is nonessential to plants, but can be readily taken up by roots from soils in soluble forms. Furthermore, research was carried out and proved the toxicity of some of ils compounds to biota and human being. In this article, the authors mainly reviewed some researches on the distribution, speciation, toxicological behavior and availability of antimony to flora and biota in the soil and water.
Evaluation Results of National Science Fund for Distinguished young Scholars and joint Research Fund for young Scholars in Hong Kong and Abroad
Huang Baocheng, Wang Ruiping, Liang Wenping
2004, 16 (01): 136- |
Published: 24 January 2004
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Abstract