Capillary electrophoresis has become an important analytical tool because of its powerful separation ca2 pacity , high efficiency , short analytical time , and minimum consumption of sample and reagents. Their high sensitivity , simplicity and wide linear range make electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence as a powerful detector of capillary electrophoresis. Moreover , electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence completely satisfy the high sensitivity , simple instrumentation setup facilitating integration of the requirement of microchip capillary electrophoresis to detector. This ar2 ticle presents the state of the art of the above techniques mainly based on the research results from our laboratory pub2 lished very recently.

In recent years, chemists have paid much attention to multiscale phenomena, more generally multiscale science investigating coupled cross-scales problems. The multiscale phenomena of all kinds of fields, including chemistry is analyzed. A research framework for multiscale studies is proposed and possible frontiers for multiscale science are pre-dicted . We emphasize that multiscale phenomena are the most challenging and multiscale science should be treated as a promising independent subject.

Recent progress in density functional theory (DFT) and its numerical methods is briefly reviewed. Find2 ing good approximation for exchange2correlation function is one of the main targets in DFT. With the development of mod2 ern functionals , DFT leads to more and more accurate results. In addition , extensions of DFT to the time dependent case and relativistic limit are also active topics. Along with the progress in DFT itself , the development of corresponding nu2 merical methods is also rapid. From the traditional finite difference (FD) , finite element (FE) to novel wavelet bases , many techniques are used to pursue efficient and accurate DFT calculations. Meanwhile , the linear scaling algorithms of DFT are getting mature , which makes the application of DFT to large systems such as biological macro molecules become possible. All the progress leads DFT applicable to a broad range of problems. This trend is illustrated by some examples at the end of this article.

The study on self2assembly monolayers (SAMs) is an active field in recent years. With the development of the SAMs , new methods for characterization of SAMs are urgent to come out . In this paper , the characterization meth2 ods on SAMs in recent years by the means of electrochemistry , spectroscopy , micrology and surface wettibility are re2 viewed. The types of SAMs and the treatment to the substrate surface are summarized. The potential development of the SAMs is also proposed..

The development in hydroformylation of higher olefins in liquidP liquid biphase systems is reviewed , par2 tially based on the authors’research results in recent years. The classical aqueousPorganic biphase system is unsuitable for hydroformylation of higher olefins. In order to solve this problem , six kinds of improved methods including thermoreg2 ulated phase2transfer catalysis are introduced in detail . In addition , the hydroformylation of higher olefins in nonaqueous liquidP liquid biphase systems , such as fluorous biphasic system , non2aqueous ionic liquid and supercritical fluid is also introduced. Meanwhile , the possibilities of commercial applications of each system have been discussed.

Hydroformylation of higher olefins is a very important process in the field of petro2chemical industry. Recent progress in the research and development on the homogeneous systems and biphase systems is reviewed. The biphase systems have many advantages and have become a hotspot of the research on the hydroformylation of higher olefins. It is expected that a great progress will be achieved in the research of the novel catalytic systems and biphase systems.

Titanium oxide photocatalysis is a potential technology for environmental purification , but catalysts deactivation occurred during photocatalytic reaction. In this paper , recent advances of deactivation for the titanium oxide photocatalyst in environmental pollution control processes have been summarized. The mechanisms of deactivation in gas2 solid and liquid2solid reaction are discussed in detail . The effects of water on photoactivity for titanium oxide gas2solid reaction are presented. Adsorption of some non2degraded compounds on surface of TiO2 and structures of special surface of TiO2 altered by some intermediates are the most reasons for deactivation processes. Electrons and holes or the hydroxyl radical captured will give the lower apparent photoactivity of the reaction. Factors which have different effects on deactivation process are discussed also.

The definition and measurement of dynamic surface tension (DST) are introduced. The adsorption mechanisms for both non-micellar and micellar solution at air-water interface are described. Based on ion type, recent study on DST for each kind of surfactant is reviewed, and the effect of concentration, temperature, additives and structure on DST is discussed. The results show that all the factors influence the DST to some extent.

Photocatalytic decomposition of water into H2 has not been applied widely in practice because it is unable to utilize sunlight efficiently. Therefore , the research on the photocatalysts under visible light has been one of the most important issues. In this paper , the mechanism of the photocatalytic decomposition of H2O into H2 is described. Recent progress of semiconductor photocatalysts under visible light irradiation is briefly reviewed with the emphasis on the structure of these catalysts.

Polymer electrolyte is one of the most important compositions of solid state lithium ion batteries and the conductivity of polymer electrolytes has prodigious effect on the properties of the lithium ionic batteries. The recent progress of the compositions , structures and properties of polymer electrolytes influencing the conductivity of lithium ion batteries is reviewed. Especially the progress in polymer2based alkali metal salt electrolytes and ionomer polymer electrolytes is introduced.

The latest research progress in fluorescent receptors for anions and common mechanisms in sensing is summarized. The design, synthesis and application of three types of anion receptors are reviewed: ( 1) receptors based on hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions containing amide, urea, thiourea, guanidinium, thiouronium, or five2mem2 ber heterocycle groups; ( 2) receptors consisting of metal or Lewis acid center; ( 3) chemosensing ensemble based on competitive bonding mechanism.

As an environmentally benign solvent , water has been widely used in chemical reactions. With the de2 velopment of supercritical science and technology , super2 and subcritical water has attracted much attention due to its special properties , and a large amount of research work has been conducted in recent years. Chemical reactions in super2 and subcritical water , including organic reactions , preparation of inorganic particles , the transformof biomass to chemical compounds , and the decomposition of polymers are reviewed.

Aziridines are useful building blocks for organic synthesis , which makes them attractive synthetic targets in their own right . This reviewfocuses on aziridine synthesis catalyzed by metal complex during the last twenty years , es2 pecially the progress of the catalytic aziridinations based on nitrene transfer to olefins or on carbene addition to imines. The insertions into saturated C —H bonds , which may compete with metal2catalyzed aziridination , are also included.

It is an important method to form CAr ?? N by palladium??catalyzed amination of aryl halides. The develop?? ment of ligands expands the scope of substrates, improves reaction selectivity and realizes the amination of the cheaper and available aryl chlorides. The applicat ion of weak base improves the compatibility of functional groups. Pd??catalyzed aminat ion of aryl halides are used in the synthesis of arylamine. The research progress in palladium??catalyzed amination is reviewed and prospected by using aryl halides as clue.

The progress in the catalytic amination of bifunctional alcohols to diamines or cyclic amines is reviewed in this paper. The different catalytic mechanisms of metal catalysts and solid acids are discussed respectively. The rela2 tionship between the structures of bifunctional alcohols and the reaction results is examined. Application of supercritical ammonia in the catalytic amination of diols is intensively introduced. The further research trends are pointed out.

Polydiaminonaphthalene is a new type of conducting polymer following polyaniline and polypyrrole , which possess new multiple functionalities owing to the amine and secondary amino groups in the polymer chain. The chemically and electrochemically oxidative synthesis of 1 ,8-,1 ,5-and 2 ,3- diaminonaphthalene , as well as their ad2 sorptions for heavy metal ions via complexation or redox , are systematically reviewed based on our recent research and the latest literature. The characteristics of the two synthetic methods are compared in detail . It is pointed out that polydiami2 nonaphthalene2modified electrodes sensitive to heavy metal ions ,such as Ag⁺ ,Pb²⁺ ,Hg²⁺ ,Cu²⁺ ,VO²⁺ ,could be sim2 ply obtained by electrochemically oxidative polymerization. The polydiaminonaphthalene particles having a prodigious re2 duction adsorption capacity for Ag+ could be prepared with a high yield by chemically oxidative polymerization. The polydiaminonaphthalenes have shown a great potential development in analysis and detection for trace metallic ions , as well as the recovery of precious metal ions and removal of heavy metal ions from water effluents.

The progress in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry ( FT-ICRMS) is reviewed, including the basic principle of FT-ICRMS, its special data processing techniques, and ion sources mainly applied in the FT-ICR MS, with the emphasis on the matrix??assisted laser desorption/ ionizat ion ( MALDI) and electrospray ionization ( ESI) . Furthermore, a general descript ion on its applicat ions in analytical fields, especially in the analysis of biomole-cules, gas-phase ion reaction dynamics and complex system, is summarized.