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Progress in Chemistry 2006, No.09 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Review
Design of Novel Visible Light Responding Semiconductor Photocatalysts
Mingce Long,Jun Cai,Weimin Cai**,Heng Chen,Xinye Chai
2006, 18 (09): 1065-1075 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Water splitting for hydrogen evolving and organic pollutants degradation by utilization of solar energy have vital significance for solving the energy crisis and environmental problems. Developing visible light responding photocatalysts is the key for sunlight efficiently utilization. In this paper , based on the material designing ideas for visible light responding photocatalysts , recent progress is reviewed from three aspects : the electronic band structure , solid solution and micro－heterojunction structure. The developing orientation for further research is presented.
Immobilization of Fluorophores on Substrate Surfaces and Its Applications
Liping Ding,Jianping Kang,Yu Fang**
2006, 18 (09): 1076-1084 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Immobilization of fluorophores onto solid substrate surfaces provides not only an effective way to realize surface functionalization and study surface properties ,but also novel strategies for designing and exploring fluorescent film materials.Methods for the immobilization of fluorophores onto substrate surfaces are reviewed ,and their applications in the studies of surface and interface properties , creation of novel chemical sensors for cations and neutral compounds , and electron or energy transfer on surfaces are discussed.
Ordered Molecular Assembly in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Guodong Zhang,Xiao Chen**,Bo Jing
2006, 18 (09): 1085-1091 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Research progress is reviewed on formation of ordered molecular assembly in room temperature ionic liquids , such as liquid crystal , micelle , vesicle , microemulsion and emulsion. The trend for future research is also prospected.
Progress in Porous Phosphonates
Zongbin Wu1|Peng Tian2**|Zhongmin Liu2,Zongqiang Mao1
2006, 18 (09): 1092-1100 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Porous phosphonates are novel porous materials , which have drawn much attention in recent years. The derivable and variety of organophosphorus ligands endow the materials many special properties. The synthetic methods and their characters have been discussed. Precipitation method , melt method , hydrothermal method , solvothermal method ,and template-assisted method have been developed for synthesizing porous phosphonates. Following the principles of coordinate chemistry , these methods give many opportunities for synthesizing a desired structure. Besides the well-known pillared-layered structures and zeolite-type structures , novel tubular morphologies with layered frameworks have been reported recently in some diphosphonates. The tubular morphologies open a new strategy for obtaining porous phosphonates. Up to now , great efforts have been devoted to the porous phosphonates , however , only a few of these compounds are really porous. The removal of the template often leads to the collapse of the structures , which hinders the materials for going further. More works and new ideas should been applied to suppress their drawbacks. Some proposals concerning the key points for porous phosphonates have been presented in the article.
NO Releasing Diazeniumdiolates and Targeting NO Releasing Materials
Qun Gao,Ajun Wan**
2006, 18 (09): 1101-1109 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Chemical structures and properties of diazeniumdiolates that make them so excellent for designing materials capable of targeting reliable and controllable fluxes of bioactive NO have become one of the forefronts and highlights of novel NO donors. The toxicity and poor biocompatibility of the nucleophile (polyamines) and the formation of potentially carcinogenic nitrosoamine are the problems associated with its successful clinical application. Recent research progress on targeting nitric oxide releasing materials is reviewed , basing on the three strategies of delivering NO specifically to a targeted site , including polymer-based diazeniumdiolates , enzyme activated diazeniumdiolates and photosensitive diazeniumdiolates.
Chemical Synthesis of Glycoconjugates
Qiang Ma1|Yong Ju1,2**|Yufen Zhao1
2006, 18 (09): 1110-1120 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
The recent synthesis progress of glycoconjugate is reviewed , including the various methods of the glycosidic bond formation by chemical synthesis and the synthesis strategies of novel complex glycoconjugates , such as glycopeptides , glycoproteins and glycolipids.
The Michael Reaction Under Microwave Irradiation
Zhende Liu,Xuchang He*
2006, 18 (09): 1121-1129 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
The application of the microwave irradiation (MWI) technique in Michael reaction is reviewed with a number of examples , and its perspective is discussed.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Libraries of Natural Product Analogues
Xuqin Li,Song Xu,Gang Liu*
2006, 18 (09): 1130-1142 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Natural products play important roles in both drug discovery and chemical biology. Recently , there is a rapid increase in making natural product libraries by using combinatorial chemistry technologies. This review summarized examples of natural product－based libraries published in the past five years.
Organic Molecules Grafted Silicon Surface Through Wet Chemistry Method
Heping Yao,Yujing Dai,Jiachun Feng,Bo Peng,Wei Wei**|Wei Huang**
2006, 18 (09): 1143-1149 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Research of organic molecules grafted silicon surface has become the highlight in surface chemistry because it is expected to be widely used as molecular electrode , molecular rectifier and chemical/biosensor , etc. In this review , the developing progress of“wet chemistry”used in attaching organic molecules onto silicon surface and some technologies are presented in details. Furthermore , a number of new achievements are introduced and the trend of future research is prospected.
Applications of Chloroperoxidase in Chiral Organic Synthesis
Lifei Zhi,Yucheng Jiang**,Mancheng Hu,Shuni Li
2006, 18 (09): 1150-1156 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Chloroperoxidase (CPO) as a member of peroxidase family has extensive catalytic activities for various organic substrates. Applications of CPO in organic synthesis has been and will still be a research hotspot , since it was discovered in 1960s. However , the most interest characteristic of the CPO is the chiral catalytic activity performed in the asymmetric synthesis which is related to its unique structure. CPO as a biocatalyst for wide range of substrates to chiral compounds with high yield and enantioselectivity has been studied. In this paper, applications of chloroperoxidase in chiral organic synthesis are introduced. The focuses are especially on halogenation , oxidation of alcohols , hydroxylation , epoxidation and sulfoxidation reactions. The problems faced and the developing trend are also discussed.
Dendritic Polyethers: Synthesis and Applications
Jingguo Li,Chao Meng,Xiuqiang Zhang,Lei Zhang,Afang Zhang**
2006, 18 (09): 1157-1180 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
As new kinds of non-linear polymers, dendritic polymers have formed a promising kind of functional materials and have been successively used in various applications due to their characteristics including low viscosity, better solubility in conventional solvents, and nano-dimension of single molecule. As one of main types of dendritic polymers, dendritic polyethers have the advantages of chemical and physical stability, better solubility in water or conventional organic solvents, and have draw tremendous attention in their synthesis and applications. In this review article, three different types of dendritic polyethers are summarized, e.g. polyether based dendrimer, hyperbranched polyether, and dendronized polyether. Some of the recent research achievements from the author’s group are also summarized, and outlook in this research direction is also included.
Recent Advances in Capillary Electrochromatography
Ruijuan Yuan1,Huaifeng Wang1,Danning Liu1,Yugao Guo1,Huafeng Fu1,2**
2006, 18 (09): 1181-1187 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is an emerging microseparation technology , which combines the advantages of capillary electrophoresis ( CE) and high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) . This review summarizes the advances of the rapidly growing area of CEC in recent years , including the column techniques of packed column , open tubular column and monolithic column , the techniques of pressure-driven CEC and the techniques of detection and sample concentration. The future trends are addressed.
The Application of Computer－Aided Molecular Design in Selecting Solvents for Extractive Distillation
Haihua Song*,Jing Song
2006, 18 (09): 1188-1193 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Extractive distillation is an important and useful technique for separating close boiling and azeotropic liquid mixtures. The selection of appropriate solvents for extractive distillation is the key to improve the production capacity and reduce the energy consumption. Computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) is on the basis of property estimate method , generating a set of solvent molecular structures with desirable properties and screening the candidate molecules. There are three main CAMD approaches : generation-and-test , mathematical optimization , and combinatorial optimizations. The generation-and-test usually implements heuristics or knowledge-based methods to combat combinatorial explosion of group combinations , can't guarantee the quality of the results. The mathematical optimization approach ,which includes MINLP (mixed-integer nonlinear programming) and MILP (mixed-integer linear programming) problems ,has been applied to the nonlinear or linear structure-property correlations , but exact expression of the structure-property correlations may be very difficult or even impossible. Thus , the third approach , combinatorial optimization such as genetic algorithm(GA) and simulated annealing (SA) , is implemented in CAMD and can easily handle combinatorial complexity of the molecular design. In this paper , the principle of three approaches is depicted , and a comparison among three approaches is made. Furthermore , the major encounter problems in the industrialization of the selection of solvents are also discussed.
Ion Channel Hypothesis for Molecular Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease
Chaofeng Zhang,Huizhi Du,Pin Yang**
2006, 18 (09): 1194-1199 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Although many evidences point to Aβ peptides as playing a key role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) , no toxic mechanism has yet been demonstrated. The channel hypothesis of AD proposes that the Aβ peptides which accumulate in plaques in the brain actually damage or kill neurons by forming ion channels. The ability of Aβpeptides to form these Aβ channels and the disruption of calcium homeostasis due to their formation could be the molecular mechanism of the neurotoxicity of Aβ. The evidence for the channel hypothesis of Aβ neurotoxicity are reviewed and the emphasis is on the center role of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in AD.
Carbon Nanotubes/Chitosan Composites
Zigang Wu,Hongbo Lin,Wei Feng**
2006, 18 (09): 1200-1207 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubesPchitosan (CNTPCS) composites have biologic and optoelectronic functions. With a brief introduction of the properties of carbon nanotubes and chitosan , the preparing methods and mechanism of composites , main applications , existent problems of CNT/CS composites are reviewed emphatically in this paper.
Nanotube Sodium Titanate and Its Derivatives
Xiaodong Wang,Zhensheng Jin*,Zhijun Zhang
2006, 18 (09): 1208-1217 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Nanotube sodium titanate is a novel kind of nanosized material, possessing special structure and unique properties. Nanotube sodium titanate and its derivatives are the promising materials for their application in electroluminescence, electrode material in batteries, adsorption and ion-exchange materials. In this review, progress on the composition, structure and formation process of nanotube sodium titanate is summarized, the characteristics and functions of the nanaotube and its derivatives are introduced.
Studies of Intelligent Membranes for Separation
Xiangrong Chen,Zhiguo Su,Guanghui Ma,Yinhua Wan*
2006, 18 (09): 1218-1226 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
In recent years , intelligent membrane systems represent a new direction in separation materials. In this paper , various methods for the preparation of intelligent membranes are introduced. Based on their stimuli-responsive properties , the controllable separation behavior and mechanisms of intelligent membranes are reviewed in detail . The characterizations of intelligent membranes are briefly summarized.
The Pollution Research Aspect on Poly-Brominated Diphenyl Esters( PBDEs) Compounds in Environment
Aixue Wei,Xuetong Wang,Xiaobai Xu**
2006, 18 (09): 1227-1233 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
The concentration of PBDEs (poly-brominated diphenyl esters) is rapidly increasing and it can be found everywhere in the world. The chemical structure of PBDEs is very similar to PCB and DDT , so there is an increasing body of scientists who concern the toxic aspects of PBDEs in environment . This paper introduces PBDEs distribution status in environmental media such as aqueous medium (river , ocean , effluent , sediment) , wildlife (marine mammals, fish) , human tissues ( breast milk , blood serum , adipose ) , its toxicity effects and threaten to human health. Emphasis is put on two research examples made in the United States. The prevention and control measures adopted in some countries are also introduced.
Special issues
Review of Modern Low-Temperature Adiabatic Calorimetry
Zhicheng Tan1**|Youying Di2
2006, 18 (09): 1234-1252 |
Published: 24 September 2006
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Abstract
Low-temperature adiabatic calorimetry is one of the most important research methods in the fields of chemical thermodynamics. Many results obtained from the method, such as molar heat capacities over wide temperature range, standard entropy, standard thermodynamic functions, the temperature, enthalpy, entropy and mechanism of the phase transition, and other important information about the structure and energetics of the substances, have very significant guiding role in the theoretical research and application development of various substances or materials. This paper carefully analyzes and summarizes the far-reaching research significance, development tendency, research situation worldwide.The perspectives of application and research of adiabatic calorimetry are given.