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New Advances in Relativistic Quantum Chemistry

Liu Wenjian^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 833-851.

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Liu Wenjian^**. New Advances in Relativistic Quantum Chemistry[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 833-851.

After detailed discussions on the fundamental concepts and principles of relativistic quantum chemistry the new advances in this field are critically reviewed. It is shown that four- and two-component relativistic electronic structure theories can be made fully equivalent in all the aspects of simplicity, accuracy and efficiency. In particular, this has been achieved in terms solely of physical arguments rather than of mathematical tricks. One of the essential ideas is "from atoms to molecule" which fully employs the spatial locality of relativistic effects as well as the knowledge about the atoms forming the molecule. Another essential ingredient is to formulate quasi-relativistic theory on matrix form rather than on operator form. The resultant exact matrix quasi-relativistic theory (XQR) is far simpler than all existent approaches, whether finite- or infinite-order. In addition, the XQR theory provides a seamless bridge between the Dirac and Schrodinger equations. This is a great breakthrough in concept. It is now justified to claim that relativity in chemistry (and ordinary physics) has been solved！Future perspectives of relativistic quantum chemistry are provided as well.

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Surface Patterning Approaches Based on Langmuir-Blodgett Technique

Huang Chunyu¹,Lu Nan^1**,Chi Lifeng^{1, 2**}

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 852-859.

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Huang Chunyu¹,Lu Nan^1**,Chi Lifeng^{1, 2**}. Surface Patterning Approaches Based on Langmuir-Blodgett Technique[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 852-859.

Surface patterning with nano/micro structures is attracting more and more attention due to its potential applications in many fields, such as microelectronics, biology etc. A diversity of different technique has beem used to create functional structures for applications. Patterning techniques that are capable of patterning large surface areas are attractive for the modification of surface properties. Self-organized surface patterns play in this respect an important role, as no stamps/masters are required to structure surface. In this article we report on the surface patterning approaches by means of Langmuir-Blodgett film preparation. By this approach linear patterns, stripe structures and island patterns can be obtained in a well controllable fashion. The orientation of stripe patterns is either parallel or perpendicular with respect to the dipping direction of the substrate during the film transfer. This patterning technique can be applied to structure a wide variety of different materials ,ranging from amphiphilic molecules to nanoparticles and nanowires. Examples to fabricate such structures are presented in this comprehensive review.
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Progress in Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Zhao Ning,Lu Xiaoying,Zhang Xiaoyan,Liu Haiyun,Tan Shuaixia,Xu Jian^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 860-871.

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Zhao Ning,Lu Xiaoying,Zhang Xiaoyan,Liu Haiyun,Tan Shuaixia,Xu Jian^**. Progress in Superhydrophobic Surfaces[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 860-871.

Surface wetting behavior is of great importance in determining the application of various materials. Many physicochemical processes, such as adsorption, lubrication, adhesion, dispersion, friction and so forth are closely related with the wettability of materials. In the last decade, surface with ultra hydrophobicity have aroused much research interests owing to their potential application in self-cleaning coatings, microfluidics and biocompatible materials and so on. The recent progress in the study of superhydrophobic surface is summarized in three parts: In the first part the characterization and influences of wettability are briefly introduced; In the second part new development of superhydrophobic surfaces is summearized from both experimental and theoretical aspects; In the third part the prospect in this field is proposed.
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Interfacial Assembly of Metal-Mediated Multiporphyrin Arrays and Nanocrystals

Liu Bing,Chen Haitao,Qian Dongjin^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 872-877.

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Liu Bing,Chen Haitao,Qian Dongjin^**. Interfacial Assembly of Metal-Mediated Multiporphyrin Arrays and Nanocrystals[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 872-877.

Metal-mediated multiporphyrin arrays have attracted much attention because of their potential interests in mimicking photosynthetic reactions in nature, solar energy transfer and in the development of coordination polymer nanomaterials. This paper reviews recent developments in the interfacial assembly of metal-mediated multiporphyrin arrays, their nanocrystals, and metal-mediated porphyrin/triazine coordination nanotubes. We summarize the influences of the metal ions in the solution phases, porphyrin and ligand structures on the absorption and fluoresce spectra of the porphyrin rings in the monolayers and organized thin films of multiporphyrin arrays/coordination polymers, as well as the influences of the geometric features of the metal ions on the morphologies and structures of the nanostructural materials produced at the liquid-liquid interfaces.
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The Relations Between Carbocyanine Structures and Properties and Its Quantum Chemical Theoretic Calculation

Lei Yonglin**,Huo Jichuan,Duan Xiaohui,Ye Xu,Sun Chengcai

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 878-883.

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Lei Yonglin**,Huo Jichuan,Duan Xiaohui,Ye Xu,Sun Chengcai. The Relations Between Carbocyanine Structures and Properties and Its Quantum Chemical Theoretic Calculation[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 878-883.

The quantum chemical theoretic and experimental studies on the configuration, state of aggregation and carbocyanine molecular structure domino effect of its properties are introduced in this paper. The advances of study in the carbocyanine molecular quantum chemical calculation are reviewed. The progress direction of the carbocyanine molecular quantum chemical calculation is summed up.
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The Preparation Methods of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Theirs Morphology

Yu Wenguang,Zhang Tonglai^**,Zhang Jiangguo,Guo Jinyu,Wu Ruifeng

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 884-892.

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Yu Wenguang,Zhang Tonglai^**,Zhang Jiangguo,Guo Jinyu,Wu Ruifeng. The Preparation Methods of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Theirs Morphology[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 884-892.

Magnetite nanoparticles have been intensively concerned and in researched due to their special properties in chemistry and physics and future applications in biology and medicine. More and more attentions have been paid to preparation methods as well as morphologies of magnetite nanoparticles since the characters and applications of magnetite nanomaterial are usually decided by its preparation method and shape. In this paper, preparation methods of magnetite nanoparticles are summarized, including DC arc plasm method, thermal decomposition method, co-precipitation method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, electrochemical process, micro-emulsion, template method and so on..The current work of authors in preparing magnetite nanoparticles with various morphologies such as octahedron, foursquare and polyhedron is presented. Such magnetite nanopatecles with novel octahedral shapes was synthesized and reported by authors for the first time, so did the foursquare and polyhedral magnetite nanoparticles.The development trends of methods of preparing magnetite nanoparticles are also discussed.
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Protein Damage Induced by Peroxynitrite

Wang Yunhai,Luo Yunjing^**,Zhong Rugang

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 893-901.

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Wang Yunhai,Luo Yunjing^**,Zhong Rugang . Protein Damage Induced by Peroxynitrite[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 893-901.

Peroxynitrite, the product of the fast reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, is a strong oxidant and cytotoxic agent in vivo. It can attack biological molecules, including proteins, lipids and DNA. In recent years, the interactions of peroxynitrite and proteins have attracted considerable interest because peroxynitrite-mediated protein damage has been found in variety of disease. In this paper, we discuss the potential pathological significance of protein damage induced by peroxynitrite in detail, and the molecular mechanisms of protein modification by peroxynitrite are reviewed as well. Moreover, the future developments of the interaction between peroxynitrite and protein are also prospected.
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The Chiral Metal Complexes of Pyridine-2,6-bis(oxazolino) and Their Applications in Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions

zhong Liqin,Tang Ruiren*,Yang Qing

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 902-910.

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zhong Liqin,Tang Ruiren*,Yang Qing. The Chiral Metal Complexes of Pyridine-2,6-bis(oxazolino) and Their Applications in Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 902-910.

Pyridine-2,6-bis-(oxazolino)（pybox）which has C2-symmetry is a kind of effective chiral ligands, it can coordinate with many metal cations. Asymmetric catalysis with chiral complexes has received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper the preparation of chiral pybox ligands and their metal complexes are reviewed, especially the application of chiral pybox-metal complexes in catalytic asymmetric reactions such as asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions, asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions，asymmetric aldol addition reactions and so on in recent years.
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Regioselectivity in the Paternò-Büchi Reaction

Kong Fengfeng,Song Qinhua ^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 911-919.

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Kong Fengfeng,Song Qinhua ^**. Regioselectivity in the Paternò-Büchi Reaction[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 911-919.

The Paternò-Büchi(P-B)reaction, which is a photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition of carbonyl compounds with alkenes, is used to construct some substituted oxetanes by taking advantage of its special stereo- and regioselectivity. With the more and more applications in organic synthesis of the P-B reaction, its regioselectivity has attracted more and more attention. The most stable biradical rule, which was put forward at the beginning of the discovery of the P-B reaction, was used to explain its regioselectivity. However, it was not applicable for some systems. People began to apply spin chemistry to explain the regioselectivity recently. We have summarized the recent progress in studies of the regioselectivity for the P-B reaction in this paper, and especially focused on the temperature and substituent effects on the regioselectivity.
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Allylation Reaction Mediated by Metals in Aqueous Media

Xie Bin^1,2**,Feng Jian-shen¹, Zou Li-ke^1,2,Zhang Xiu-lan¹

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 920-931.

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Xie Bin^1,2**,Feng Jian-shen¹, Zou Li-ke^1,2,Zhang Xiu-lan¹. Allylation Reaction Mediated by Metals in Aqueous Media[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 920-931.

The formation of carbon-carbon bond in aqueous media has been the focus of research in recent three decades, and its advantages are gradually recognized. Aqueous allylation reaction mediated by metals is one of the most widely researched organometallic reactions in aqueous media. Because of the rapid development of allylation reaction in aqueous media, allylation reaction mediated by new metal systems or metal systems, and its mechanism are reported increasingly. This article summarizes the latest research progress of the allylation reaction mediated by metals in aqueous media, and the new reaction mechanism is explained briefly.
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Preparation and Characterization of High Melt Strength Polypropylene

Wang Hongying¹,Hu Xuteng²,Li Zhenyu²,Yi Jianjun²,Dong Jinyong^1**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 932-958.

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Wang Hongying¹,Hu Xuteng²,Li Zhenyu²,Yi Jianjun²,Dong Jinyong^1**. Preparation and Characterization of High Melt Strength Polypropylene[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 932-958.

Compared with conventional polypropylene (PP), high melt strength polypropylene (HMSPP) has more prosperous applications due to its superior overall properties especially the excellent melt processibility. As such, HMSPP has recently become a hotspot of development in many countries. This review summarizes researches in the past few years on the development of HMSPP, from preparation to property characterizations, with special emphasis given to the in situ polymerization technique to access long chain branched HMSPP(LCB- HMSPP). The future prospect of HMSPP research is foreseen in the last.
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The Ring-Opening Homopolymerizations of Trimethylene Carbonate and 2,2-Dimethyltrimethylene Carbonate

Yu Cuiping^1**,Li Xi¹,Niu Junfeng ³,Shen Zhiquan²

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 959-972.

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Yu Cuiping^1**,Li Xi¹,Niu Junfeng ³,Shen Zhiquan². The Ring-Opening Homopolymerizations of Trimethylene Carbonate and 2,2-Dimethyltrimethylene Carbonate[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 959-972.

Biodegradable poly (trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and poly (2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (PDTC) appear to be very promising in controlled drug delivery and other biomedical technology applications. In contrast to aliphatic polyesters, detrimental acidic compounds are not released upon degradation of PTMC and PDTC. PTMC and PDTC can be prepared by ring-opening homopolymerizations of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) respectively. In this paper, different kinds of catalysts or initiators and polymerization mechanisms for the ring-opening homopolymerizations of TMC and DTC are summarized. The recent progress in the research of novel catalysts for the TMC and DTC homopolymerizations is reviewed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of biocompatible catalysts, such as rare earth catalysts, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe catalysts, and enzyme catalysts, for the ring-opening homopolymerizations of TMC and DTC are discussed.
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Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(Lactic Acid) Copolymers for Drug Carriers

Li Xiaoran,Yuan Xiaoyan^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 973-981.

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Li Xiaoran,Yuan Xiaoyan^**. Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(Lactic Acid) Copolymers for Drug Carriers[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 973-981.

Recent progresses in hydrophilicity modification of poly (lactic acid) copolymerized with poly (ethylene glycol) is reviewed in this paper. Synthesis methods of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) copolymers (PEG-PLA) with block or star structures and their terminated derivatives, including their applications in loading hydrophilic, hydrophobic or protein drugs in forms of micelle, microparticle, hydrogel and vesicle are summarized. Especially, drug release behaviors of ultrafine PEG-PLA fibers prepared by electrospinning for drug carriers are introduced.
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Speciation and Bioavailability of Selenium and Arsenic in Foods by HPLC-ICP-MS

Zhou Ying^**|Ye Li,Zhu Xinping

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 982-995.

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Zhou Ying^**|Ye Li,Zhu Xinping. Speciation and Bioavailability of Selenium and Arsenic in Foods by HPLC-ICP-MS[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 982-995.

There are many kinds of micronutrient elements contained in foods that are vital to human health. The strong dependence of the toxicity and bioavailability of microelement upon their chemical forms has made the speciation and bioavailability vital to the food quality control and nutrition evaluation. A brief introduction to the high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) is given. The hyphenated technique which based on several chromatographic separation mechanisms plays an important role in speciation analysis for its advantage of high sensitivity, high selectivity, wide linearity, low detection and multi-microelement determination simultaneously. The application of HPLC-ICP-MS in microelements speciation analysis and bioavailability research in foods concerning the selenium speciation analysis in selenized yeast, selenium-enriched garlic, selenium nutritional supplement and other foods, the arsenic speciation analysis in sea-products and farm products, the other microelements speciation analysis and the investigation of metabolic and bioactivity of microelement in organism is reviewed in this paper.
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Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Online Detection of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds

Jin Shunping,Li Jianquan,Han Haiyan,Wang Hongmei,Chu Yannan^**,Zhou Shikang

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 996-1006.

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Jin Shunping,Li Jianquan,Han Haiyan,Wang Hongmei,Chu Yannan^**,Zhou Shikang. Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Online Detection of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 996-1006.

Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry （PTR-MS） is a new online technique for detecting trace volatile organic compounds. It has detection sensitivity up to ppt order of magnitude in the response time of seconds. PTR-MS has wide application in various fields such as environmental pollution monitoring, medical diagnosis and food quality inspection. In this paper, the principle and apparatus of PTR-MS are introduced. Some typical examples for its applications as well as the preliminary results on the PTR-MS in author's laboratory are given. The further developments in PTR-MS are discussed.
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The Non-labeling Electroactive Acid Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Indicators

Wang Qingxiang,Yuan Xianlong,Jiao Kui^**|Xie Jiangkun,Zhang Bo

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 1007-1015.

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Wang Qingxiang,Yuan Xianlong,Jiao Kui^**|Xie Jiangkun,Zhang Bo. The Non-labeling Electroactive Acid Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Indicators[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 1007-1015.

The electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization has received much attention in the fields of clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and drug analysis due to its high sensitivity, rapid response, easy handling, and low cost. The non-labeling electrochemical active DNA hybridization indicators , a series of electrochemical active small molecules that bind to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA via different binding modes and action force, are important components of electrochemical DNA biosensor. The concepts of the non-labeling electrochemical indicator and their significance in DNA biosensors are introduced. According to the molecular structure characteristic, the electrochemical hybridization indicators are classified into organic dyes, drugs and metal complexes. The recent research and application of representative indicators in each species are reviewed in detail. The designation, exploitation and the application of new indicators are prospected, especially for the development of gene chip technologies.
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Adsorption of Amino Acids on the Surface of Solid Materials

Gao Qiang ^1,2,Xu Yao^1**,Wu Dong¹,Sun Yuhan¹

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 1016-1025.

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Gao Qiang ^1,2,Xu Yao^1**,Wu Dong¹,Sun Yuhan¹. Adsorption of Amino Acids on the Surface of Solid Materials[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 1016-1025.

The types of adsorption models and isotherms of amino acids on the surface of solid materials are presented. The Sips isotherm equation has proved successful in modeling adsorption of solutes at low or high concentrations onto homogeneous or heterogeneous adsorbents. Commonly, the adsorption isotherm belongs to the one of S, L, H and C types. The influence of adsorption parameters is summarized and discussed. It is found that the adsorption is mainly impacted by the factors such as the types of amino acids, the surface properties of solid materials, the kinds of solvents, the pH values of solution, the ion strengths of solution and the temperature of adsorption system. Obviously, the adsorption capacity can achieve the maximum under the favorable electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions between the amino acids and the surface of solid materials, via optimizing the values of adsorption parameters. In addition, the classified solid materials for amino acids adsorption are introduced.
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Advance in Aptamer Research

Xie Hayan|Chen Xuechai,Deng Yulin^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 1026-1033.

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Xie Hayan|Chen Xuechai,Deng Yulin^**. Advance in Aptamer Research[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 1026-1033.

Aptamer is a kind of synthetic oligonucleotides discriminated by in vitro screening, which is of high affinity and specificity with its ligands. Some new methods for efficient and fast detection for biological and biomedical purposes are being developed based on the molecular recognition of aptamers. In this paper, recent advance in the screening, chemical modification of aptamers and their applications in analytical and enzyme chemistry are reviewed.
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SPM-Based High Density Data Storage

Jiang guiyuan^1,2|Yuan wenfang¹,Wen yongqiang¹,Gao hongjun³,Song yanlin^1**

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 1034-1040.

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Jiang guiyuan^1,2|Yuan wenfang¹,Wen yongqiang¹,Gao hongjun³,Song yanlin^1**. SPM-Based High Density Data Storage[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 1034-1040.

With the rapid development of information technology, high density data storage has become one of the most active research fields. By changing the local properties (optical, electrical and magnetic properties etc.) of the recording media using scanning probe microscope(SPM), including scanning tunneling microscope (STM), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), etc., nanometer-scale data storge can be successfully achieved, and this technology has been considered as one of the best way to promote the storage density. In this paper, the latest progress on SPM-based high density data storage is reviewed from the viewpoints of recording materials and technologies. The future research and development of SPM-based high density data are also discussed.
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Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Removal in Hydrogen-Rich Gas

Zhou Guilin^1*|Xie Hongmei¹,Qiu Fali²

Progress in Chemistry. 2007, 19(06): 1041-1049.

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Zhou Guilin^1*|Xie Hongmei¹,Qiu Fali². Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Removal in Hydrogen-Rich Gas[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2007, 19(06): 1041-1049.

The electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) can be poisoned because of the strong adsorption of CO, which is need to be resolved for the development of PEMFC urgently. In fact, among the various available methods for CO removal from hydrogen-rich gas atmospheres, the selective catalytic oxidation of CO had been regarded as the most straightforward, simpler and cost effective ones. The studies on CO selective oxidation are reviewed, future prospects of research and application of the catalytic system are presented.

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