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化学进展 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (5): 1166-1180 DOI: 10.7536/PC210513 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

石墨烯基人工智能柔性传感器

姜鸿基1,*(), 王美丽1, 卢志炜1, 叶尚辉1, 董晓臣2,*()   

  1. 1.省部共建有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室 江苏省有机电子与信息显示协同创新中心 信息材料与纳米技术研究院 南京邮电大学 南京 210023
    2.江苏省柔性电子重点实验室 南京工业大学海外人才缓冲基地(先进材料研究院) 南京工业大学 南京 211816
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-10 修回日期:2021-07-28 出版日期:2022-05-24 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 姜鸿基, 董晓臣
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技部重大基础研究计划(2012CB933301); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(21574068); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程(YX03001)
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Graphene-Based Artificial Intelligence Flexible Sensors

Hongji Jiang1(), Meili Wang1, Zhiwei Lu1, Shanghui Ye1, Xiaochen Dong2()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
  • Received:2021-05-10 Revised:2021-07-28 Online:2022-05-24 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Hongji Jiang, Xiaochen Dong
  • Supported by:
    Major Basic Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2012CB933301); General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21574068); Construction Project of Superior Disciplines in Jiangsu Universities(YX03001)

皮肤是人体最大的器官,能够感知和应对复杂的环境刺激。以石墨烯作为核心部件制备的柔性传感器具有很强的刺激感知能力,可以模拟人体皮肤的柔韧性和拉伸性,是目前最具商业化潜力的可穿戴传感技术。本文首先介绍了传感器的压阻式、电容式、压电式、晶体管式等不同工作机制和评价其性能的如灵敏度、检测范围、响应速度等参数,总结了石墨烯的优点和制备方法。结合本课题组在石墨烯复合聚苯胺、银纳米粒子、碳纳米管和量子点等构建多功能石墨烯基柔性传感器的研究基础,从检测对象的种类出发,重点阐述了石墨烯基柔性传感器在检测压力、应变、温度、湿度、化学分子、生物分子和气体等单一目标物的性能以及石墨烯基多功能柔性传感器的应用。最后,对石墨烯基柔性传感器的未来发展方向做了展望。

关键词： 石墨烯, 可穿戴, 柔性传感器, 单功能, 多功能

Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can perceive and respond to complex environmental stimuli. As a 2D atomic layer of sp2-hybridized carbon arranged in a hexagonal network, graphene is regarded as a promising material for nanoelectronics owing to its high crystallinity and interesting semimetal electronic properties. In addition, graphene has extremely strong perception ability and high selectivity for different stimuli, and graphene-based materials have been widely used as key perceiving materials of artificial flexible sensors to imitate the flexibility and stretchability of human skin, which is one of the most promising wearable and sensing materials for potential commercialization. This paper first introduces the main working mechanisms of piezoresistive type, capacitive type, piezoelectric type and transistor type, as well as the key performance evaluation parameters such as sensitivity, detection range, response speed and so on of sensors. At the same time, the advantages and synthesis methods of graphene materials are also briefly summarized. In conjunction of our recent research works of graphene-based composite materials made up of graphene and polyaniline, Ag nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, Ni(OH)2(Ⅱ) and quantum dots for flexible sensors, this paper then reviews the applications of graphene-based single function flexible sensors in detecting pressure, strain, temperature, humidity, chemical molecules, biomolecules, gas and other fields, as well as several graphene-based multifunctional flexible sensors. Finally, the future development of graphene-based flexible sensors is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Flexible sensors

2.1 Flexible sensor features

2.2 The sensing mechanism of flexible sensors

2.3 Performance parameters of flexible sensors

3 Graphene

3.1 Synthesis of graphene-based materials

3.2 Sensing properties of graphene-based materials

4 Graphene-based single function flexible sensors

4.1 Graphene-based flexible pressure sensors

4.2 Graphene-based flexible strain sensors

4.3 Graphene-based flexible humidity sensors

4.4 Graphene-based flexible temperature sensors

4.5 Graphene-based other flexible sensors

5 Graphene-based multifunctional flexible sensors

5.1 Pressure/strain sensors

5.2 Pressure/humidity/temperature sensors

5.3 Strain/humidity/temperature sensors

5.4 Pressure/strain/humidity/temperature sensors

5.5 Graphene-based other multifunctional flexible sensors

6 Conclusion and prospect

Key words: graphene, wearable, flexible sensor, single function, multifunction
()
图1 四种不同传感机制示意图:(a)压阻传感,(b)电容传感,(c)压电传感[9],(d)空气介质场效应晶体管传感[10]
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of four different sensing mechanisms: (a) piezoresistive sensing, (b) capacitive sensing, (c) piezoelectric sensing[9], and (d) air-dielectric field effect transistor sensing[10]
图2 石墨烯的Hummer法制备过程[33]
Fig. 2 Preparation process of graphene through Hummer method[33]
图3 (a)传感器用于腕脉检测的示意图,(b)脉冲检测的输出波形,(c)用于呼吸检测,(d)运动前后呼吸反应曲线,(e~h)不同动作的响应曲线[50]
Fig. 3 (a) Applications for wrist pulse detection, (b) pulse waveform of the tester, (c) application for respiration detection, (d) response curves for breathing before and after exercise, (e~h) response curves of different actions[50]
图4 石墨烯片的压阻原理图[64]
Fig. 4 Schematic illustration of piezoresistivity of graphene sheets[64]
图5 (a)三维石墨烯/碳纳米管全碳协同纳米架构的应变传感器制备过程示意图,(b)弯曲应变传感器的照片,(c)三维石墨烯/碳纳米管骨架的扫描电镜图像,(d)不同应变条件下的GF,(e)三维石墨烯/碳纳米管中的裂纹示意图[79]
Fig. 5 (a) schematic diagram of manufacturing process of strain sensor based on 3D graphene/carbon nanotube full carbon synergistic nano-architecture, (b) photo of bending strain sensor, (c) scanning electron microscope image of 3D graphene/carbon nanotube skeleton, (d) gauge factors under different strains, (e) schematic illustration of the crack bridged in 3D graphene/carbon nanotube[79]
图6 (a)不同湿度环境下电阻式石墨烯湿度传感器电阻随相对湿度的变化,(b)水分子与石墨烯表面的相互作用[47]
Fig. 6 (a)The resistance of the resistive graphene humidity sensor changes with relative humidity in different humidity environments, (b) interaction of water molecules with surface of graphene[47]
图7 (a)湿度测试系统原理图和(b)氧化石墨烯薄膜表面的湿度传感原理图[85]
Fig. 7 (a) Schematic diagram of the humidity testing system, (b) schematic of humidity sensing at graphene oxide films[85]
图8 (a)石墨烯基热敏场效应晶体管的温度传感原理[97];石墨烯纳米壁/聚二甲基硅氧烷温度传感器的(b)制备过程和(c)热响应/恢复示意图[45]
Fig. 8 (a) Schematic diagram of temperature sensing of graphene-based thermal field effect transistors[97]. (b) Preparation process and (c) thermal response/recovery schematic of graphene nanowall/polydimethylsiloxane temperature sensors[45]
图9 (a)聚二乙炔/石墨烯复合薄膜的制备过程:(b)聚合前,(c)聚合后以及(d)暴露于挥发性有机化合物蒸气后,(e)聚二乙炔/石墨烯暴露于不同有机蒸气后的照片[108]
Fig. 9 (a) Schematic diagram of preparation process of polydiacetylene/graphene stacked composite film, self-assembling molecular structure of polydiacetylene on graphene: (b) before and (c) after polymerization, and (d) exposure to volatile organic compound vapors, (e) photographs of the polydiacetylene/graphene after exposure to different organic vapors[108]
图10 石墨烯场效应晶体管生物传感器用于细胞因子生物标志物检测的原理图[117]
Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of graphite field-effect transistor biosensor for cytokine biomarker detection[117]
图11 多孔石墨烯网络-聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料在(a)静态压缩和(b)拉伸作用下的相对电阻变化,(c)在施加压力和(d)拉伸循环时电阻的相对变化[140]
Fig. 11 Relative resistance changes of the graphene porous network-polydimethylsiloxane composites under (a) static compression and (b) tensile, relative resistance changes under (c) pressure and (d) tensile cycle[140]
图12 (a)可拉伸多模态全石墨烯电子皮肤传感器矩阵的制备,(b)多模态电子皮肤传感器示意图,(c)传感器矩阵的电路图,(d)全传感器矩阵的透光率[142]
Fig. 12 (a) Fabrication of a stretchable multi-modal all-graphene electronic skin sensor matrix, (b) schematic diagram of multi-modal electronic skin sensor, (c) the circuit diagram of the sensor matrix, (d) the light transmittance of the sensor matrix[142]
图13 传感器在(a)压力和温度、(b)压力和应变、(c)应变和湿度等多个刺激同时作用下的电流响应,(d)传感器在不同刺激作用下的传感机制示意图[146]
Fig. 13 The current response of the sensors under multiple stimuli of (a) pressure and temperature, (b) pressure and strain, and (c) strain and humidity, (d) schematic of the sensing mechanism of the sensor under different stimuli[146]
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石墨烯基人工智能柔性传感器