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化学进展 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (7): 1092-1099 DOI: 10.7536/PC200825 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

石墨烯基气凝胶小球的可控制备

向笑笑, 田晓雯, 刘会娥*(), 陈爽, 朱亚男, 薄玉琴   

  1. 中国石油大学(华东)化学工程学院 青岛 266580
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-10 修回日期:2020-09-08 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2020-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 刘会娥
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017MB015); 国家自然科学基金项目(22078366)
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Controlled Preparation of Graphene-Based Aerogel Beads

Xiaoxiao Xiang, Xiaowen Tian, Huie Liu*(), Shuang Chen, Yanan Zhu, Yuqin Bo   

  1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, China
  • Received:2020-08-10 Revised:2020-09-08 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2020-12-28
  • Contact: Huie Liu
  • About author:
    * Corresponding author e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2017MB015); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078366)

石墨烯气凝胶是由二维石墨烯片层组装成的三维宏观材料,因其孔隙率高、比表面积大和密度低等特点在水体污染物的吸附去除方面具有广阔的应用前景,已成为当今的研究热点。然而相关研究大多集中在块体石墨烯气凝胶,对于气凝胶小球的研究较少。本文结合相关领域的最新研究进展,综述了石墨烯基气凝胶小球的制备方法,包括静电喷雾、静电纺丝、微流控和湿纺等方法;以湿纺法为代表,分析了气凝胶小球的成型影响因素,如GO分散体的浓度和黏度、挤出参数、凝固浴的种类和浓度等;并进一步分析了可用于调节材料孔径的因素,例如通过控制GO浓度、GO片层尺寸、冷冻处理的温度等可实现在一定范围内材料孔径的调整。针对废水中处理对象的不同,设计吸附性能、循环使用性能优异及微观形貌可控的石墨烯基气凝胶小球并寻求制备方法的优化与创新仍是未来探索的重点。

关键词： 石墨烯, 气凝胶小球, 可控制备, 成型控制, 孔径调控, 吸附

Graphene aerogel is a three-dimensional macroscopic material assembled from two-dimensional graphene sheets. Due to its high porosity, large specific surface area and low density, it has a broad application prospect in the adsorption and removal of water pollutants and has become a research hotspot. However, most of the related researches focused on bulk graphene aerogels, and few researches on graphene-based aerogel beads. This review summarizes the preparation methods of graphene-based aerogel beads, including electrostatic spray, electrostatic spinning, microfluidic technology and wet spinning. Taking the wet spinning method as the representative, the influencing factors for aerogel beads formation are analyzed, such as the concentration and viscosity of GO dispersion, extrusion parameters, the type and concentration of coagulation bath, etc. Furthermore, the factors of adjusting the pore size of the material are further analyzed. For example, the pore size of the material can be adjusted within a certain range by controlling the GO concentration, the GO layer sizes, and the temperature of freezing treatment. In view of the different treatment objects in the wastewater, the design of graphene-based aerogel beads with excellent adsorption performance, recycling performance and controllable micromorphology and the optimization and innovation of preparation methods are still the key points of exploration in future.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Preparation of graphene-based aerogel beads

2.1 Preparation methods

2.2 Drying methods

3 Influencing factors of graphene-based aerogel beads formation

3.1 Influencing factors for wet spinning method

3.2 Influencing factors for other methods

4 Methods for adjusting the pore size of graphene-based aerogel beads

4.1 GO concentration

4.2 Temperature of freezing treatment

4.3 GO layer sizes

4.4 The speed of homogenizer

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: graphene, aerogel beads, controllable preparation, shaping control, pore size control, adsorption
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图1 (a)制备装置;(b, c, e, f)气凝胶小球SEM图;(d)流速与粒径关系图[9]
Fig. 1 (a) Preparation device; (b, c, e, f) SEM images of aerogel beads; (d) the relation between flow rate and the particle sizes[9]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry
图2 RGOs制备装置(a)与SEM图[15]:(b, c)横截面;(d, e)壳体
Fig. 2 Preparation device(a); SEM images of RGOs[15](b, c) cross section; (d, e) shell. Copyright 2017, Advanced Materials
图3 GO小球、GO-CTS小球浸于水中和GO-CTS小球宏观图片[14]
Fig. 3 Photos (from left to right) of GO beads, GO-CTS beads immersed in water clearly revealing the GO core inside, GO-CTS beads[14], Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society
图4 GOAMs SEM图:(a, b)GO浓度为4 mg/mL;(c, d)GO浓度为6 mg/mL[9]
Fig. 4 SEM images of GOAMs:(a, b) GO concentration(4 mg /mL);(c, d) GO concentration(6 mg/mL)[9]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry
图5 (a~f)-10,-20, -40,-70,-100和-196 ℃的GA的SEM图[72]
Fig. 5 (a~f) SEM images of GA frozen at six different temperatures (-10, -20, -40, -70, -100 and -196 ℃), scale bar: 20 μm [72]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry
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摘要

石墨烯基气凝胶小球的可控制备