Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), a class of self-assembled porous materials with metal ions and organic ligands, have attracted increasing research attention owing to their high porosity, tunable pore size, large surface area and multiple structures. In recent years, MOFs have been extensively investigated in gas storage, separation, catalysis and other fields. When the size of these hybrid materials drops down to nanosized scale, the regular morphology and unique properties make NMOFs become promising candidates for drug delivery. Compared to other nanocarriers, NMOFs provide multiple binding sites for a variety of small-molecule drugs and biomacromolecule via inclusion or surface conjugation. These chemical modifications do not affect NMOFs' intrinsic physicochemical properties. Moreover, the facile synthesis and mild preparation conditions endow NMOFs with advantages in biomedicine. Nowadays, NMOFs have been demonstrated with multifunctionalities and stimuli-responsive controlled release in vivo. Therefore, a detailed review of the application of NMOFs in controlled drug delivery of anticancer drugs, photosensitizer and nucleic acids is provided here.

Atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) is one of the most robust and versatile tools for the synthesis of well-defined polymers. The traditional ATRP have to be conducted with high concentration of metal catalyst to compensate for the unavoidable radical termination reaction. A series of ATRP variants have been developed to reduce the metal catalyst concentration to 100 ppm or below. However, the contamination of the metal residue still remains. Organocatalyzed ATRP(O-ATRP) provides a green and reliable route to functionalized well-defined polymer without metal residue. The development of organic photoredox catalyst system is the key point of O-ATRP. This review highlights the recent progress in O-ATRP, including the various organic photoredox catalyst systems and polymerization mechanism. Moreover, the applications of O-ATRP in polymer synthesis are discussed.

As one of flexible electronic devices, flexible pressure sensors have many merits such as high sensitivity, excellent flexibility and facile fabrication process, and they have been widely used in many burgeoning fields including wearable devices, health care, soft robots, human-machine interaction, etc. Sensitivity, detection limit, response time and cyclic stability are the key parameters of the flexible pressure sensors, and the introduction of micro/nano- structures into flexible pressure sensors will play an important role in improving their comprehensive performance. Based on the main types of micro-nano structure, this review introduces the latest research progress of flexible pressure sensors, including the influence of various morphological micro-nano structures on the performance of flexible pressure sensors and their applications in flexible electronics. Moreover, the prospect of their future development is also outlined.

Mn-Ce binary oxide has been considered as a kind of outstanding materials and widely applied to many fields by the reasons of abundance, low cost, excellent oxygen storage and release capability and high catalytic performance. In this review, the preparation and applications of Mn-Ce binary oxides have been reviewed in detail. Preparation methods including precipitation method, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, impregnation method, and so on, are summarized. Meanwhile, their merits and demerits are compared. As for applications, air pollution removal(NO_x, VOCs, CO, soot, Hg⁰and formaldehyde) and energy storage systems(supercapacitors and metal-air batteries) are overviewed particularly. In addition, the applications of water pollution disposal(fluoride adsorbed, As(Ⅲ) removal, methyl orange degradation) and organic catalytic synthesis are introduced briefly. Finally, the main problems of preparation methods of Mn-Ce binary oxides are discussed and the research directions are forecast.

Water pollution is a worldwide issue, which seriously affects human health and environmental sustainability. Highly efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent materials are urgently needed for water pollution treatments. The layered structure of graphite phase carbon nitride(g-C₃N₄) is similar to graphite, so it has many excellent properties, such as large surface area, high thermal stability and chemical inertness, which make it an emerging adsorbent material. This paper mainly introduces the application of g-C₃N₄-based materials in the elimination of heavy metal ions, radionuclides and organic pollutants. The interaction mechanisms between g-C₃N₄-based materials and contaminants are analyzed by batch experiments, spectral analysis, surface coordination model and theoretical calculation. The interaction mechanisms are mainly surface complexation, π-π stacking, ion exchange and electrostatic interaction. This paper will help readers further understand the interaction mechanisms between g-C₃N₄-based materials and contaminants, and explore more g-C₃N₄ modified materials for environmental remediation.

Tumor exosomes are nanoscale membrane-enclosed vesicles with a diameter of 30~150 nm released from tumor cells into the extracellular environment. They are present in human blood, urine, saliva and many other body fluids and are one of the biomarkers for early tumor diagnosis. Tumor exosomes have the characteristics of good stability and abundance, which is a hot spot in liquid biopsy. Tumor exosomes carry a considerable amount of molecular information derived from the originating cell such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, providing a variety of characteristic biomarkers that can be used for cancer detection. In this paper, the formation, isolation, characterization and detection of tumor exosomes are discussed, and the research progress of the detection of tumor exosomes is discussed in detail.

Many diseases are characterized by abnormal activity of various biomolecules, in which some substances are usually overexpressed inside and outside of cells. Therefore, the targeting and recognition of these biomolecules can be potentially utilized in diagnostic and therapeutic fields. Owing to the developments of gene diagnosis and chemical sensing technique, the application of nucleic acid probes is promoted widely for the sensitive detection of intracellular and extracellular biochemicals. The nucleic acid probes can specifically bind to the target material while stably entering the cell. In the procedure, the target can be monitored using optical approaches and the reaction mechanism can be identified by bioimaging techniques. In this review,we focus on the progress of nucleic acid probes' application in the assay of biochemical molecules by adopting optical methods and bioimaging techniques. The main content is classified by three parts based on analytes. The target materials include nucleic acid, protein and enzyme, and chemical and physicochemical molecules. For the three representative systems, the design principles, key techniques, detection results such as sensitivity and samples are illustrated in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of various nucleic acid probes are compared and listed as well.

Metal nanoparticles have been widely applied in many fields,including materials, catalysis, medicine, environment, etc. Furthermore, nanoparticles from noble metal, such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, possess the ability of increasing the efficiency of catalytic reaction. Therefore, the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles by microorganisms has attracted the attention of many researchers. Although traditional physical and chemical methods can synthesize nanoparticles efficiently and controllably, these methods are complicated and expensive, in addition to the wide use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, exploring energy-saving, environmentally friendly and sustainable green synthesis method for synthesizing nano-materials is continuously attracting interests in this field. The microbial synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles conforms to the requirements of green synthesis technology, and researches have shown that many microorganisms can convert metal ions into nano-materials. Besides, microorganisms can be grown in mild condition cheaply and fast, so microbial synthesis has been widely concerned in the field of nanometer research. This review summarizes progress of microbial synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, including the possible synthesis mechanisms and the control of size and shape. Meanwhile, the specific applications of microbial sourced nanoparticles in medicine, catalysis, biosensing and environment are discussed, and the future development of microbial nanomaterials synthesis is further prospected.

Due to its excellent optical absorption properties, carrier transport capability and simple fabrication processes, perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in recent years. High efficiency, pollution-free and low cost have always been the goals pursued in the solar cell field. However, traditional perovskite solar cells have a greater impact on the environment due to the heavy metal element lead in their light absorbing materials, which limits the further commercial application of such perovskite solar cells. Based on this consideration, many scientists are working hard to find novel lead-free perovskite materials. Among numerous lead-free perovskite materials, Sn-based perovskite materials have become the most promising alternatives due to their relatively low toxicity, suitable band gap, and high power conversion efficiency of corresponding devices. Sn-based perovskite solar cells also have some weak points, however. Their energy conversion efficiency and the device stability are much lower compared with Pb-based perovskite solar cells. The device is very sensitive to air during the preparation process. In order to solve these problems, it is imperative to study the factors affecting the performances of Sn-based perovskite materials and devices. The paper introduces various kinds of Sn-based perovskite materials and their application in perovskite solar cells, including organic-inorganic hybrid Sn-based perovskite materials, mixed Sn-Pb perovskite materials and all-inorganic Sn-based perovskite materials. The latest research progress of Sn-based perovskite materials and their corresponding device properties are summarized. In addition, the factors affecting the device performances are discussed, and the future directions of the Sn-based perovskite solar cells are forecast.

Hematological malignancies(HM) is a kind of malignant disease of hematology system which seriously threatens human health, mainly involving bone marrow, blood and lymphatic tissue. The quantification of biomarkers in hematological malignancies is the key for fine stratification analysis, personalized targeted therapy and prognostic improvement. In this paper, the specific types and the commonly used detection methods at home and abroad of the hematological malignancies related biomarkers are summarized and compared. Specifically, the latest application of new electrochemical biosensor for the hematological malignancies related biomarkers is mainly described. Furthermore, the summary of its future directions and the potential applications is given, which provides reference for the further research and application of the biomarkers in hematological malignancies.

Due to its unique valence electron distribution characteristics that the number of valence electron is less than the number of valence orbital, boron has an empty p orbit. It makes its tri-coordinated compounds can be effectively conjugated with the adjacent π system, and also can easily complex with the Lewis base to form a tetra-coordinated compound. The introduction of boron into traditional photoelectric functional molecules always brings unique photoelectric properties to the whole system, which has become an important idea for the design of new organic photoelectric functional molecules. In this paper, developments on tri-coordinated compounds and tetra-coordinated compounds of boron and performance of their OLED devices are reviewed around the aspects of molecular design, photoelectric properties of compounds, device structure and efficiency. The future development is also discussed.