Recent developments in the chemistry of watersoluble phosphines and two-phase catalysis are discussed, including several novel two-phase catalytic systems that are supported aqueous phase catalysis, thermoregulated phase transfer catalysis, and fluorous biphase system. Numerous applications of two-phase catalysis to hydroformylation,hydrogenation and other organic reactions are also described.

Studies on spillover in the past three decades were reviewed in terms of the concept of spillover and its impacts on heterogeneous catalysis, the commonly known spillover phenomena, the effects of spillover on catalytic processes and the achievements and problems in designing heterogeneous catalysis based on spillover effects, etc. Important subjects for future research were proposed.

The process of nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase is an essential element for the nitrogen cycle in nature. In this article, the emphasisis on the mechanism of nitrogen fixation and the synthesis of manual simulation of FeMo-cofactor. Contents include: transfer of proton and electron in FeMo-protein,model of the dinitrogen activation by FeMocofactor, function of molybdenumatom in nitrogenase,measure for activity of nitrogen fixation. The synthesis of manual simulation of FeMocofactor is also discussed.

A brief discussion on the development of the fem tochemistry is presented in this review.

This review describes research progress of calixcrowns as a new type of host molecules. The syntheses, conformations, chiral properties, supramolecular recognition ability and applications as chemical sensors or biomimetic systems are discussed.

The photochemical reaction in organized and constrained systems, an active field in supramolecular photochemistry has been discussed systematically. Besides the general discussion on various factors of this system , such as the size effect, the rigidity or flexibility and the activity of walls for the“host”structures, the significance of this issue in practical applications has also been introduced.

Photonmode optical storage is a frontier topic in the inform ation sciences.There are four parts in this review: four formats of photon mode optical storage; principle and materials of photohole burning, electron trapping, photo ref raction and photochromism; two photon three dimensional optical storage and materials; potential aspects of further developments.

Solvent free extraction as a promising technique for sample preparation and pretreatment which has become one of the most important research areas in modern analytical chemistry has attracted much attention recently. The basic principles and applications of the methods, such as gas phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, mem brane extraction, solid phase extraction, and solid phase micro extraction were described in this paper. The trends in the development of these methods were also discussed.

A review with 43 references describes producing hydrogen catalysts used in aqueous fuel and the relationship between microstructure of aqueous fuel and combustion enthalpy. The related experimental method used by the author is represented. The catalyst can increase energy utilization ratio and decrease poisonous gas in exhaust.

The preparation, properties, structures and possible applications of nanometersized diamond powders synthesized by explosive detonation were reviewed. It is emphasized that this is a new assortment of synthetic diamond, which possesses a series of special properties and structures.

The development of the formation of lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals of cellulose and its derivatives, the relat ion ship between the molecular structure and the liquid crystalline behavior and cellulose derivative composites with cholesteric order are reviewed with 79 references.