Progress in Chemistry

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Fabrication of Colloidal Crystal Array by Self-Assembly Methods

Ding Jing,Gao Jining,Tang Fangqiong^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 321.

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Ding Jing,Gao Jining,Tang Fangqiong^**. Fabrication of Colloidal Crystal Array by Self-Assembly Methods[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 321-.

Self-assembly of colloidal crystals has been a key procedure in developing sub-micron periodic and orde-red structures such as photonic crystal, and other unique optoelectric devices. Considering that highly charged monodis-perse colloidal spheres with a low concentration can spontaneously organize themselves into ccp crystalline arrays, mainly fee structures, under weak ionic strength, scientists have developed a variety of approaches to crystallize colloidal parti-cles, including gravitational sedimentation, electrophoresis, colloidal epitaxy, vertical deposition, flow cell with physical confinement and so on. Most used colloidal particles are spherical silica, PS, PMMA colloids. Also we report composite particles, most of which are core-shell particles. With these methods and their modifications the opal and inverse opal structures could be obtained and photonic band gap and other applications be realized.
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Preparation of Well-Defined Core-Shell Nanocomposite Particles Based on Colloidal Templates

Guang Jianguo^**,Deng Huiyong,Wang Wei,Ren Ping

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 327.

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Guang Jianguo^**,Deng Huiyong,Wang Wei,Ren Ping. Preparation of Well-Defined Core-Shell Nanocomposite Particles Based on Colloidal Templates[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 327-.

Core-shell nanocomposite particles, as attractive building blocks of advanced functional materials, have important applications in such areas as photonic band gap materials, microwave absorbing materials, electrorheological (or magnetorhelogical) fluids, catalysis and biology, etc. Because of their unique optic, electric, magnetic, catalytic and micromechanical properties, which are substantially different from those of mono-component particles. In this paper, the general strategies to fabricate uniform core-shell particles with the diameter from nanometer to micrometer using colloi-dal particles as templates are reviewed in detail in terms of structure controllability of core-shell particles such as the thickness and uniformity of the shell. As a consequence, in order to prepare core-shell particles with well-defined compo-sition, morphology and properties, furthermore to obtain ordered advanced nanocomposite materials, the future research in nanoengineering of particle surfaces should focus on both optimization of the existing approaches and the development of new methods, make full use of the specific chemical and/or electrostatic interaction between colloidal templates and shell substance or its precursors.
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Progress in Solid Electrolyte Interface in Lithium Ion Batteries

Ni Jiangfeng^1,2,Zhou Henghui^*1,Chen Jitao¹,Su Guangyao²

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 335.

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Ni Jiangfeng^1,2,Zhou Henghui^*1,Chen Jitao¹,Su Guangyao². Progress in Solid Electrolyte Interface in Lithium Ion Batteries[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 335-.

The research progress of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film in lithium ion balleries is reviewed. Based on the mechanism and models of SEI, the possible effect factors on the SEI film and its modification methods are given. The applications of different analysis technology, especially the in. situ analysis technology are discussed. The SEI film formed on cathode surface and the interaction between electrodes based on aqueous binding materials and electrolyte solu-tion would be the hotspot in the future.
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Development and Application of Gemini Surfactants

Zhang Qingshan^*,Guo Bingnan,Zhang Huimiao

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 343.

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Zhang Qingshan^*,Guo Bingnan,Zhang Huimiao. Development and Application of Gemini Surfactants[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 343-.

Gemini surfactants are reputed as a new generation of surfactants. Two or more surfactants monomer are connected by spacer group through covalent bond. They have been widely used in industry because of a series of better properties. Introduction of its synthesis and applications in biological technology, anti-HIV, environmental protection and new materials is given.
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Progress in Synthesis in Gemini Surfactants

Yao Zhigang^1,2,Li Ganzuo^1**,Dong Fenglan¹,Hu Aixi³

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 349.

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Yao Zhigang^1,2,Li Ganzuo^1**,Dong Fenglan¹,Hu Aixi³. Progress in Synthesis in Gemini Surfactants[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 349-.

With a systematic summary of the processes and procedures for the synthesis of nearly 100 kinds of Gem-ini surfactants and a detailed comparison and classification of Gemini surfactants as well in terms of their structural fea-tures, this paper is designated to propose some new ideas of the development of the synthesis of Gemini surfactants, which are dedicated for the promotion of the industrialization of the novel Gemini surfactants.
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The Study of Heat Capacity for the Systems of Amino Acids and Proteins

Lu Yan^**,Xu Quanqing,li Xiangrong

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 365.

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Lu Yan^**,Xu Quanqing,li Xiangrong. The Study of Heat Capacity for the Systems of Amino Acids and Proteins[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 365-.

Proteins play a central role in living phenomenon, and amino acids are the basic units of proteins. The study for the structure form and structure stability of proteins and amino acids is an important project. Using the method of thermal analysis to investigate the heat capacity and the change of heat capacity of the systems containing proteins or amino acids is an effective means for the project. The progress in the study of the heat capacities of the proteins and amino acids during the recent ten years is reviewed.
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The Research of Polymer Nanocontainers

Cheng Xiangrong,Ding Xiaobin^**,Zheng Zhaohui,Peng Yuxing

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 370.

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Cheng Xiangrong,Ding Xiaobin^**,Zheng Zhaohui,Peng Yuxing. The Research of Polymer Nanocontainers[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 370-.

In resent years, polymer nanocontainere have attracted increasing scientific interest because of their po-tential applications and advantages. The development of preparation technique leading to polymer nanocontainers of higher stability is reviewed. The controllable loading and releasing of intelligent polymer nanocontainers are discussed.
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The Applications of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Organic Pollutants

Wei Cuoxiu,Wan Lijun^*,Bai Chunli

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 376.

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Wei Cuoxiu,Wan Lijun^*,Bai Chunli. The Applications of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Organic Pollutants[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 376-.

The applications of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of organic pollutants have been briefly intro-duced in this review. With part work in our laboratory, the adlayer structures, surface and interfacial reactions and dy-namic processes of organic pollutants on non-metal and metal surfaces are presented. The results demonstrate that STM is a powerful technique in the study of organic pollutants.
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Progress of Transition Metal Carbides in Heterogenous Catalysis

Zhu Quanli,Yang Jian,Ji Shengfu^*,Wang Jiaxin,Wang Hanqing^*

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 382.

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Zhu Quanli,Yang Jian,Ji Shengfu^*,Wang Jiaxin,Wang Hanqing^*. Progress of Transition Metal Carbides in Heterogenous Catalysis[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 382-.

The progress in the study of early transition metal carbides in helerogenous catalysis, especially molyb-denum and tungsten carbides is reviewed. The supported molybdenum or tungsten carbides or doped with a second metal shows excellent catalytic activity, especially for the hydrotreatment of petroleum distillates, such as hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) , hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and isomerization, which makes them the promising substitutes for commercial cata-lysts . The preparation of carbide as well as its effects on the catalysis is also reviewed.
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Asymmetric Photochemical Reactions Conducted within Microreactors

Ma Lei,Chen Bin,Wu Lizhu^**,Peng Mingli,Zhang Liping,Tung Chenho^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 386.

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Ma Lei,Chen Bin,Wu Lizhu^**,Peng Mingli,Zhang Liping,Tung Chenho^**. Asymmetric Photochemical Reactions Conducted within Microreactors[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 386-.

Enantioselectivity of chemical reactions continues to be one of the main concerns of chemists. While many elegant and efficient chiral induction strategies have been developed for a variety of thermal reactions, there are considerably fewer examples of asymmetric induction in photochemical transformations. Short excited state lifetime and low activation energy for reactions in the excited states leave little room for manipulating the diastereomeric transition state when the photochemical reactions occur in solution. The latest progress of asymmetric photochemical reactions revealed that the enantioselectivity in photochemical reactions could be achieved when the reactions take place in chiral environ-ments, which will be reviewed in this article.
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New Techniques and Methodologies for the Investigation of the Interactions of Nucleic Acids with Proteins

Lu Jianquan^1,2,Pang Daiwen^1**

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 393.

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Lu Jianquan^1,2,Pang Daiwen^1**. New Techniques and Methodologies for the Investigation of the Interactions of Nucleic Acids with Proteins[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 393-.

Nucleic acids and proteins are most important biomacromolecules. Genome regulation is critical step for all organisms. Protein-DNA interactions play a key role in biological processes. The current technologies and methodolo-gies for the investigation of the interactions of nucleic acids with proteins are summarized, and the perspectives on the fu-ture development are also proposed.
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Applications of Fuel Cell Reactor in Electrocatalyze Reactions

Song Haihua,Wu Huixiong,Ma Haihong^*

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 400.

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Song Haihua,Wu Huixiong,Ma Haihong^*. Applications of Fuel Cell Reactor in Electrocatalyze Reactions[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 400-.

In order to produce valuable chemicals and electric energy at the same time, fuel cell type reactor (FCR) has been proposed. The features of the FCR are: (l) the energy of oxidation which is converted into potential en-ergy between cathode and anode can be directly used as the electric power, therefore, it theoretically has high electrical efficiencies; (2) reaction mixture were not directly mixed, so the safety is improved and gaseous combustion reaction is avoided; (3) the activity of surface oxidant species on anode catalyst is controlled by applying external potential to the electrode catalysts so that partial oxidation reactions can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude. FCR is widely used in a variety of catalytic reactions on Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, Au, IrO2 and RuO2 surfaces. In this paper, the principle of opera-tion of three kinds of FCR, including sour fuel cell reactor, proton-exchange membrane fuel cell reactor, solid-oxide fuel cell reactor, is depicted, and a comparison between FCR and other conventional chemical reactors is made. Furthermore, the major problems which will be encountered in the industrialization of FCR are also discussed.
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Selective Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Styrene with Carbon Dioxide

Cai Weiquan^*,Li Huiquan,Zhang Yi

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 406.

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Cai Weiquan^*,Li Huiquan,Zhang Yi. Selective Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Styrene with Carbon Dioxide[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 406-.

The dehydrogenation process for the production of styrene (ST) based on the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene (EB) with the major global warming gas CO_2, is reviewed. The usage of CO_2 instead of steam could provide several advantages such as reduction of the reaction temperature, remarkable energy saving in the distillation process of ST, restraining deactivation of catalysts to some degree, and so on. The iron-oxide-based catalysts and the vanadium-oxidebased catalysts are highly active and promising catalysts for the new reaction system. The mechanism of CO_2 oxidation is also discussed. It can be concluded that the remarkable promoting effect of CO_2 on the dehydrogenation of EB is due to both redox cycle of oxide catalyst and coupling of EB with reversed water gas shift reaction. Although the application of CO_2 is very effective, the catalysts deactivation mechanism, suitable measures to enhance their catalytic stability and the economic evaluation on the new process must be further investigated.
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Advances in Methanol-Steam Catalytic Reforming Process

Peng Bixian^*,Gan Changsheng,Yan Tiantang

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 414.

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Peng Bixian^*,Gan Changsheng,Yan Tiantang. Advances in Methanol-Steam Catalytic Reforming Process[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 414-.

Steam reforming of methanol is one of the desired sources of hydrogen for fuel cells, providing almost CO-free syngas comprising hydrogen and CO2 in ratio of about 3 to 1, if proper catalysts are chosen. In this article, re-cent advances in the field of catalysts for methanol steam reforming are reviewed, including their reaction conditions, cat-alytic performances, catalytic mechanism, nature of catalytically active clusters, and dynamic analysis. The catalysts used in the oxidative steam reforming of methanol while oxygen (or air) is added to the reforming system are also intro-duced.
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Progress on Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides Specifically Recognizing DNA

Lu Liping,Zhu Miaoli,Yang Pin^**

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 422.

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Lu Liping,Zhu Miaoli,Yang Pin^**. Progress on Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides Specifically Recognizing DNA[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 422-.

Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides containing W-methylpyrrole, JV-methylimidazole and N-methyl-3-hydroxy-pyrrole aromatic amino acids are synthetic ligands that have an affinity and specificity for DNA comparable to those of nat-urally occuring DNA binding proteins. In past two decades, a lot of polyamides including some bifunctional ligands that can specifically alkylate and cleavage DNA have been synthesized and simple paring rules and various binding models for the minor groove of the double helix developed that allow the design of ligands for predetermined DNA sequences. Poly-amides are also showed to permeate cells, potentially regulating transcription of specific genes.
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Advances in Computer Simulation of Macromolecule Self-assembly

Li Wei^**,Han Yongcai,Zhang Jinli

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 431.

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Li Wei^**,Han Yongcai,Zhang Jinli. Advances in Computer Simulation of Macromolecule Self-assembly[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 431-.

Macromolecules including surfactants can aggregate to form micelles with various shapes in solution, and this character makes it widely used in the applications of industrial and living fields. It is significant to study the charac-ters of aggregation of surfactants, especially for the study of aggregation of amphiphilic macromolecules in life sciences and for biomineralization or biomimetic synthesis. In this paper, the progress in computer simulation of macromolecules self-assembling is summarized from the thermodynamic and molecular dynamic point of view.
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Advances in Uranium Chelating Agents

Wu Fuli^1,2,Wang Jianying¹,Yan Xi²,Hu Wenxiang^**1,Cheng Tianmin³

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 438.

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Wu Fuli^1,2,Wang Jianying¹,Yan Xi²,Hu Wenxiang^**1,Cheng Tianmin³. Advances in Uranium Chelating Agents[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 438-.

The paper explains the toxicology of uranium poisoning and the detoxification course of chelating agents. It also summarizes the uranium chelating agents since 1970's and discusses some series of them, such as catechol moieties, hydroxypyridinone and phosphonic acid. The development of uranium chelating agents is prospected.
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Preparation and Property of Bioencapsulate by A Sol-Gel Approach

Xu Songwei,Jiang Zhongyi^**,Wu Hong,Huang Shufang

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 443.

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Xu Songwei,Jiang Zhongyi^**,Wu Hong,Huang Shufang. Preparation and Property of Bioencapsulate by A Sol-Gel Approach[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 443-.

Sol-gel method is very efficient, facile and generic for biomolecule immobilization. Proteins, enzymes, DNA, RNA, as well as cells and organelles have been successfully encapsulated in sol-gel matrix for biocatalysis, bio-sensing and biomedical diagnosis. Some properties concerning sol-gel bio-encapsulation are introduced, including the ba-sic process of sol-gel bioencapsulation, the configuration, dynamics, accessibility, activity and stability of encapsulated biomolecules. The development tendency of sol-gel bio-encapsulation is briefly analyzed.
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Advances in Sound Absorption Polymers

Zhou Hong,Huang Guangsu^**,Chen Xirong,He Xianru

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 450.

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Zhou Hong,Huang Guangsu^**,Chen Xirong,He Xianru. Advances in Sound Absorption Polymers[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 450-.

Due to several advantages over other existing materials, including excellent viscoelasticity and good pro-cessibility, polymers are broadly applied to preparation of new sound absorption functional materials. The essential char-acters, applications and mechanisms of sound absorbtion polymers are discussed in detail. The latest developments in this area are also reviewed .
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Progress in Non-classical Antitumor Platinum Drugs

Wang Lianhong^1,2,Liu Yun²,You Qidong^*1,Gou Shaohua^*2

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 456.

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Wang Lianhong^1,2,Liu Yun²,You Qidong^*1,Gou Shaohua^*2. Progress in Non-classical Antitumor Platinum Drugs[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 456-.

The progress in non-classical antitumor platinum drugs are reviewed. These potential drugs include orally active platinum(IV)complexes, sterically hindered platinum(II) complexes, trans-platinum(II -> IV) complexes, multinu-clear platinum(II) complexes and sulphur-containing platinum (II) complexes. Their antitumor mechanisms, advantages overcoming cisplatin resistance and clinical trials are summarized.
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Progress in Red Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Ma Chanqi,Wang Xuesong^**,Zhang Baowen^**,Cao Yi

Progress in Chemistry. 2004, 16(03): 463.

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Ma Chanqi,Wang Xuesong^**,Zhang Baowen^**,Cao Yi. Progress in Red Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2004, 16(03): 463-.

The advances,the applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and the future R&D directions of the well developed types of organic red emitters, such as transition metal complexes, intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) compounds,condensed aromatic hydrocarbons and oligomers are discussed.

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