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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (10): 2239-2253 DOI: 10.7536/PC220122 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Preparation and Environmental Applications of 2D Nanomaterial MXenes

Kang Chun1, Lin Yanxin2, Jing Yuanju1, Wang Xinbo1()   

  1. 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University,Qingdao 266237, China
    2 Qingdao Hengyuan Thermoelectricity Co., Ltd,Qingdao 266510, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Wang Xinbo
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908018); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078174); Youth Innovation Program of Universities in Shandong Province(2019KJD007); support from the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University(KF2114)
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MXene is a new type of two-dimensional layered nanomaterial obtained by delamination of Mn+1AXn phase material (MAX phase), which is constructed with transition metal carbide, nitride or carbonitride. MXenes have attracted ever-increasing interest due to their unique characteristics such as high surface area, excellent metal conductivity, mechanical stability, as well as their magnetic properties, and have been widely applied in the field of energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, and many other fields. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in MXenes preparation strategies and their applications in terms of environmental purpose, including adsorption of heavy metals, radioactive metals and organic compound, selective adsorption of carbon dioxide, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, membrane separation, sensor, biological activity, electromagnetic absorption and shielding, and so on. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of MXenes to put forwards real applications are discussed.

Key words: MXenes, 2D materials, environment, adsorption, catalysis
Fig. 1 Element replacement approach for the delamination of MXenes.Copyright2019,American Chemical Society
Fig. 2 Concentrations of MXenes in solution plotted with respect to solvent properties: (a) surface tension, (b) boiling point of the solvent, both fitted by Boltzmann functions (equations in the insets), (c) solvent molecular weight fitted linearly excluding outliers: water and nonpolar solvents (toluene, hexane, and dichlorobenzene), and (d) solvent viscosity fitted linearly excluding DCB, DMF, and water. Star data points represent “good” solvents. Red data points represent the outliers excluded from the fits. Copyright2017, American Chemical Society
Table 1 Comparison of preparation methods of MXenes and their surface properties
Preparation methods Surface properties
含氟刻蚀法 酸刻蚀法(HF) —F、—OH,较高的缺陷和较小的横向尺寸、手风琴结构
改性酸刻蚀法(HCl和LiF、NH4HF2、FeF3) —F减少,—O增加,较大的层间距和较弱的相互作用,较小的缺陷
熔融盐刻蚀(KF、LiF及NaF) 可逆的氧化还原峰和高的面电容、手风琴结构
无氟刻蚀法 碱性刻蚀法(NaOH) 亲水性、导电性、易分层和再封接、手风琴结构
Lewis酸蚀刻(ZnCl2) 亲水性差、手风琴结构
电化学蚀刻 较大的横向尺寸
微环境法 可分散于有机溶剂
Fig. 3 (A) Illustration of the mechanism of U O 2 2 + adsorption[25].Copyright2018,American Chemical Society;(B)Synthesis of MXenes-derived hierarchical titanate nanostructures (HTNs) for effective radionuclide sequestration[38].Copyright2019, Elsevier B.V(B)
Fig. 4 Comparison of electromagnetic shielding performance of MXenes material with the existing materials[107]. Copyright 2020, American association for the advancement of science
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