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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (5): 617-626 DOI: 10.7536/PC190901 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Lignin-Based Polyurethane

Xiaozhen Ma1,2, Qing Luo1, Dongdong Qin1,3, Jing Chen1,**(), Jin Zhu1, Ning Yan4,**()   

  1. 1.Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3.Chemical Engineering Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    4.Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B3, Canada
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Jing Chen, Ning Yan
  • About author:
    ** e-mail: (Jing Chen);
    (Ning Yan)
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0102300); OCE Project #29983 from University of Toronto(Canada)(29983); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51503218)
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Polyurethane(PU), one of the most multifunctional polymers, is produced by polyaddition reaction of polyols and isocyanates. It has found wild applications in coatings, elastomers, adhesives, foams. However, one of the problems related to the production of PU is its dependence on petroleum-based resources. With the consumption of petroleum resources and the destruction of environment, the searching for renewable raw materials has become a research hotspot. At present, most reports are based on biobased polyols replacing petroleum-based polyols to prepare polyurethane, among which vegetable oil and lignin are the most used. Lignin, a natural organic carbon resource with abundant reserves, is low value-added and wasted as fuel at present. Compared with vegetable oil, lignin does not compete with human for food and the performance of related products is superior. However, the utilization of lignin has some problems, such as isolation, heterogeneity, aggregation, steric hindrance and low activity. These disadvantages make the unmodified utilization and modified utilization of lignin become the key problem. This paper introduces the development status and latest research progress of lignin in bio-based polyurethane synthesis. Finally, the development prospects of lignin-based polyurethane materials in different fields are prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Lignin

3 Lignin bio-based polyurethane elastomer

3.1 Preparation of bio-based polyurethane elastomers from unmodified lignin

3.2 Preparation of bio-based polyurethane elastomers with modified lignin

4 Lignin bio-based polyurethane foam

4.1 Preparation of bio-based polyurethane foams from unmodified lignin

4.2 Preparation of bio-based polyurethane foams from modified lignin

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: polyurethane, lignin, modified, unmodified, elastomer, foam
Fig. 1 Enzymatic lignin and structure
Scheme 1 Structures of monolignols;1. Coumarol alcohol; 2. Coniferyl alcohol; 3. Sinapyl alcohol
Scheme 2 Lignin unit resonant type
Fig. 2 Polyethylene glycol/glycerol liquefied lignin polyol
Fig. 3 Preparation of high performance polyurethane elastomers from unmodified lignin[70]
Scheme 3 Four methods of lignin hydroxyl modification
Fig. 4 Quaternary ammonium salt modified lignin-silica composite[18]
Scheme 4 Preparation of self-healing lignin-based polymers in RAFT-click chemistry[78]
Scheme 5 Lignin-based thermoplastic polyurethane[80]
Scheme 6 Cyclocarbonate replaces ethylene oxide to modify lignin[102]
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Abstract

Lignin-Based Polyurethane