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Progress in Chemistry 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (4): 561-570 DOI: 10.7536/PC180919 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Diatomite-Based Material as an Adsorbent or Photocatalyst for Water Treatment

Hongbo He1,2, Yimin Luo2, Zhuangzhu Luo2,**(), Changlin Yu3,4,**()   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
    2. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
    3. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Guangdong Province, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
    4. School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
  • Received: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Zhuangzhu Luo, Changlin Yu
  • About author:
    ** E-mail: (Zhuangzhu Luo)
    ** E-mail: (Changlin Yu)
  • Supported by:
    Fund:The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51575504); Fund:The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21567008); 5511 Talents in Scientific and Technological Innovation of Jiangxi Province(20165BCB18014); Academic and Technical Leaders of the Main Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(20172BCB22018); Guangdong Province of Yangfan Project.
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Diatomite is a porous material formed by the remains of diatom, which has the advantages of large specific surface area, good corrosion resistance, green and innocuity. Diatomite-based materials as adsorbent or photocatalyst show wide application prospects in sewage treatment because of easily available raw material and low in price. However, most of the natural diatomite contains some metal oxide impurities, which may reduce the porosity and affect the adsorption and photocatalysis performance of diatomite. Therefore, the majority of research of diatomite materials for water treatment have been focused on surface decoration and composite modification to strengthen the adsorption and photocatalytic performance. In this review, the recent research progress of diatomite-based materials in treatment of wastewater(such as organic wastewater, eutrophic wastewater, heavy metal ion wastewater, etc.) are summarized and commented based on the principle of adsorption and photocatalysis, and the relationships between structure and performance of diatomite are analyzed from different modification methods. Finally, suggestions and outlooks on the future research directions in diatomite-based materials as adsorbent or photocatalyst are given.

Key words: diatomite-based materials, adsorption, photocatalysis, water treatment
Fig. 1 The diagrams of water purification process by(a) adsorption and (b) photocatalysis
Table 1 Application of diatomite-based adsorbent materials in water treatment
Absorbent Method Contaminant/c(mg·L-1) q(mg·g-1) ref
DE(Diatomite) Spray drying-calcination Methylene blue/100 15.38 33
MnO2/DE Hydrothermal Methyl orange/30 420.0 36
DE@C Hydrothermal Crystal violet /200 87.05 38
ZrO2/DE Surface crosslinking Phosphorus/2 10.56 36
NiO/DE Precipitation-calcining Toluene/150 145.36 40
MgO/DE Precipitation-calcining Phosphorus/40 137.93 38
AC/DE Calcining Phenol/25 4.53 32
β-FeOOH/DE Immersion Phosphorus/2 1.67 37
γ-AlOOH/DE Hydrothermal Pb2+ /1000 357.1 51
γ-Al2O3/DE 416.7
Brewing Spent DE(BSDT-800) Beer industrial by-product Cu2+ /50 34.1 49
Fig. 2 Preparation process of diatomite microsphere(a); SEM image(b); adsorption of MB(c); adsorption mechanism(d)[33]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
Fig. 3 Recovery mechanism of phosphate from eutrophic wastewater by MgO-D[47]. Copyright 2017, ACS Publications.
Fig. 4 HRTEM images and corresponding EDS maps for Si, O and Fe for the NZVI-DE(a); Selectively adsorption of Cu2+ by NZVI-DE(b)[68]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
Table 2 Application of diatomite-based photocatalyst materials in water treatment
Photocatalyst Method Contaminant/c(mg·L-1) Light source(W) k(min-1) ref
Ag/AgBr-DE Deposition-photoreduction Rhodamine B/4 Xenon/300(λ >300 nm) 0.0297 83
DE/g-C3N4 Impregnation-calcination Rhodamine B/10 Metal halide/400(λ >300 nm) 0.1464 85
Bi2O3/DE Freeze drying-calcination Methylene blue/200 Xenon/500 0.0246 84
TiO2/DE Sol-gel Brilliant blue RAW/50 Mercury/175 0.1250 87
ZnO/DE Immersion-calcination Methylene blue/7.5 FL10BLB-UV/10 0.0193 86
Ce-TiO2/DE Sol-gel Rhodamine B/10 Xenon/1000 0.0039 88
Nb2O5/DE Hydrothermal Cr(Ⅵ)/150 Mercury/500 0.0340 92
Fig. 5 SEM images of raw diatomite sample(a), and Nb2O5/diatomite samples having been hydrothermally treated at 160 ℃ successively for(b) 6 h,(c) and(d) 9 h,(e) and(f) 12 h, and(g) and(h) 14 h[92]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
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