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Progress in Chemistry 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (1): 210-222 DOI: 10.7536/PC180434 Previous Articles   

• Review •

Sodium-Based Solid-State Electrolyte and Its Applications in Energy

Qingkai Zhang, Feng Liang*(), Yaochun Yao, Wenhui Ma, Bin Yang, Yongnian Dai   

  1. Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, National Key Laboratory for Clean Application of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resources, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Feng Liang
  • About author:
    ** Corresponding author e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704136); The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11765010); The Application of Basic Research Projects of Yunnan Province(2016FB087); The Free Exploration Foundation of Yunnan Province(2017HA006)
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Due to the low cost and high safety of the new sodium battery system using sodium-based solid electrolyte, the new sodium battery system has great potential for its applications in energy storage field. High ionic conductivity and stability of sodium-based solid electrolytes are prerequisites for its applications in new sodium battery systems. In recent years, people have significantly improved the ionic conductivity and stability of sodium-based solid electrolytes by improving preparation methods and doping modifications. In addition, the new sodium battery system needs to solve the interface problems such as poor interface contact and poor interface stability between the solid state electrolyte and the electrode. In this paper, we firstly summarize the research progress in ionic conductivity and stability of β″-Al2O3, NASICON, sulfides, and polymer of sodium-based solid electrolytes. Then the applications of sodium-based solid electrolytes in sodium-sulfur batteries, hybrid sodium-air batteries, and all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries are introduced. In view of the interface problems, the solving strategies are systematically discussed. The future large-scale applications in energy of the new sodium battery system based on solid state electrolytes need breakthroughs in many aspects such as battery materials, interfaces, and battery design.

Key words: sodium based solid-state electrolyte, ionic conductivity, stability, interface, battery
Fig.1 Sodium-based solid-state electrolytes and related battery system diagram[36]
Table 1 Performance comparison of different sodium-based solid electrolytes
Solid-state electrolytes Advantages Disadvantages
β″-Al2O3 High thermal stability
High ionic conductivity		 Low mechanical property
Poor interface wetting
NASICON High chemical stability
High thermal stability		 Poor interface wetting
Sulfide High ionic conductivity Low chemical stability
Poor interface compatibility
Polymer High flexibility
Good interface wetting		 High cost
Low ionic conductivity
Fig.2 Idealized structure diagram: (a) β-Al2O3; (b) β″-Al2O3[3]
Fig.3 NASICON cell: (a) diamond structure; (b) monoclinic structure[4]
Fig.4 Crystal structure of Na11Sn2PPS12[33]
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of amorphous sodium ion transport in PEO[40]
Fig.6 Summary of ionic conductivity of sodium-based solid-state electrolytes
Fig.7 (a) Structure of sodium-sulfur battery[6]; (b) Battery cycling performance at current densities of 0.25 mA/cm2[73]
Fig.8 (a) Organic/water mixed metal-air battery structure diagram; (b) I-V curve (solid line) and energy density-voltage curve (dotted line) of the battery[76]
Fig.9 (a) The structure of all-solid-state battery; (b) cycling performance and columbic efficiency of the NVP/IL/SE/Na solid-state battery (10 C, 25 ℃) [27]
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