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Progress in Chemistry 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (5): 860-873 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Sulfated Zirconia--A Superacid

Zhang Liuyi, Han Caiyun, Du Dongquan, Zhang Yanyan, Xu Siwei, Luo Yongming   

  1. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Sulfated zirconia (abbreviated to SZ), recognized as a solid superacid discovered by Holm and Bailey, has attracted much attention because of a lot of applications in many areas of chemical industry. It is well documented that SZ has been used to catalyze many chemical reactions, which include isomerization, alkylation, acylation, cyclization, cracking, esterification, transesterification and so on. Hino and Arata reported that sulfated zirconia could effectively catalyze the isomerization of butane at room temperature in 1979, and the high performance of SZ for this reaction has been ascribed to its super acidity. Consequently, sulfated zirconia was regard as a kind of solid superacid for the first time by them. In light of Hammett acidity indicators (H0), the acidity of sulfated zirconia is far stronger (about ten thousand times) than that of 100% sulfuric acid. In this review, the progress of sulfated zirconia in the past three decades was illustrated in detail, which mainly focused on the synthesis routes, surface structure models, modification methods and its application especially in catalytic application. Furthermore, some arguments (involved in surface model, super-acid property and alkane isomerization mechanism) were also pointed out, which might be attributed to the differences originated from the synthesis and characterization methods. At last, the development of sulfated zirconia in the future was outlined in brief.

Key words: sulfated zirconia, solid superacids, synthesis, modification

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Abstract

Sulfated Zirconia--A Superacid