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Progress in Chemistry 2010, Vol. 22 Issue (05): 812-821 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Invited Article •

Forward Osmosis and Concentration Polarization

Li Gang1; Li Xuemei1**; Liu Yue1; Wang Duo2; He Tao1**; Gao Congjie2   

  1. (1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Li Xuemei;He Tao E-mail:xuemeili@njut.edu.cn; taohe@njut.edu.cn
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The basis of forward osmosis as well as the principal of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are introduced and compared with reverse osmosis (RO). The phenomenon that the nominal permeability in FO is far below theoretical permeability are described. The models describing the concentration polarization is asymmetric membranes are summarized. Several methods are proposed to diminish the external concentration polarization. Approaches to attenuate the internal concentration polarization based on the structure design of membrane materials are presented. The review provides a theoretical basis for preparation and application of FO membrane materials.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Basic principle of forward osmosis
3 The phenomenon of concentration polarization
3.1 External concentration polarization
3.2 Internal concentration polarization
3.3 Modeling concentration polarization
4 Summary

Key words: forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis, internal concentration polarization, external concentration polarization

CLC Number: 

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