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• Review •

Theoretical Foundation and Limitation of Two-Step Anodizing Technology

Zhu Xufei1*, Han Hua2, Qi Weixing1, Lu Chao1, Jiang Longfei1, Duan Wenqiang2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
    2. National Engineering and Technology Research Center for ASIC Design, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Two-step anodizing technology (TSAT) has been used widely in the assembling process of porous anodic alumina and porous anodic TiO2 nanotubes. However, the theoretical background and foundation of TSAT are still unclear because of the ambiguous interpretations about the pore generation. A detailed introduction to the origin and theoretical foundation of the TSAT and imprinting technology is presented. The unexplainable experiment phenomena in two-step anodizing process which traditional theories (e.g. the field-assisted dissolution or ejection) can not explain and the limitation and using conditions of the TSAT and imprinting technology are analyzed. The explanation for these conflicting phenomena reported in the published references is given via the oxygen bubbles model. The important effect of the oxygen bubbles mould and the viscous flow of barrier oxide on the formation of columnar and regular channels is emphasized. The electronic current, ionic current and oxygen bubble mould will play an important role in the structural modulation of porous anodic alumina and porous anodic titania nanotubes. The present views may be helpful to understand the mechanism of porous anodic titania and facilitate the assembling of diverse nanostructures for extensive application in photocatalysis and solar batteries. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Origin and theoretical background of two-step anodizing technology
3 Limitation and using conditions of imprinting technology
4 Unexplainable experiment phenomena in two-step anodizing process
5 Explanation for above conflicting phenomena through the model of oxygen bubbles
6 Conclusions
Key words: porous anodic alumina, porous anodic TiO2 nanotubes, two-step anodization, oxygen bubbles mould effect, formation mechanism

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