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• Review •

Synchrotron Radiation for the Study of Hydrothermal Formation Mechanisms of Oxide Nanomaterials

Zhou Ying*1,2, Lin Yuanhua1,2, Greta R. Patzke3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    3. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Controlled synthesis of oxide nanomaterials is indispensable to enhance their applications. Recently, hydrothermal methods have been widely applied to synthesize oxide nanomaterials. However, hydrothemal reactions are performed in closed reactor systems. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to investigate the dissolution of precursor, the coordination environment of precursor in solution, nucleation and crystallization process, and the involved intermediates. This is the reason that targeted synthesis of oxide nanomaterials has not been achieved. Synchrotron radiation offers notable analytical advantages for structure elucidation, such as high intensity, high brightness, high collimation and wide tunability in energy/wavelength. Based on the design and construction of specialized in situ reactors, synchrotron radiation can be used to investigate the hydrothermal formation process of oxide nanomaterials. In this paper, the design principle of a hydrothermal in situ reactor is introduced. Moreover, the applications of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to understand the hydrothermal formation mechanisms and reaction kinetics of oxide nanomaterials are critically reviewed. Furthermore, future trends of in situ techniques based on synchrotron radiation are discussed. Contents 1 Introduction
2 Design of in situ cell
3 Applications of synchrotron radiation
3.1 In situ X-ray diffraction
3.2 In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy
3.3 In situ small angle X-ray scattering
4 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: hydrothermal reaction, synchrotron radiation, in situ techniques, reaction mechanisms

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