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• Review •

Applications of Superparamagnetically Separable Nano-Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

Liu Yanhong, Zhou Lincheng*, Hui Xinping*, Zhao Guanghui, Li Yanfeng   

  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Superparamagnetic nanoparticles and composite materials, which are highly active, possessing high surface to volume ratios and having high surface energies, can be used as catalysts. Since the small particle size of magnetic nanoparticles, the nano-heterogeneous catalysts can achieve similar or even higher activities compared with the homogeneous catalysts. Moreover, they can be reused after separation from the reaction system by using a magnet and simple regeneration process. The application of magnetic nano-catalysts in organic synthesis has attracted wide attention. Here, we review the preparation and application in organic synthesis of the magnetic nano-catalysts. The preparations, structures and characteristics of magnetic nano-catalysts are summarized. We also present their catalytic effect in relevant organic synthesis and analyze the deactivation of magnetic nano-catalysts in detail. Finally, the remaining problems and the future developing prospects are proposed. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Magnetic core as catalyst
3 Active center directly loaded onto magnetic nano-particles
4 Organic coatings
4.1 Dopamine coating
4.2 Silane coupling agent coating
4.3 Organic ionic compound coating
5 Ploymer coating
6 Silica coating
6.1 Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles supported on magnetic silicon nanoparticles
6.2 Metal complex catalysts supported on magnetic silicon nanoparticles
6.3 Phase transfer catalysts and small molecule catalysts supported on magnetic silicon nanoparticles
6.4 Acid and base catalysts supported on magnetic silicon nanoparticles
7 Carbon coating
8 Other coatings
9 Conclusions and outlook
Key words: nanocatalysts, superparamagnetism, organic transformation, separable

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